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Pathologica Mar 2020The World Health Organization's new classification of breast tumors has just been published. This review aims to examine the morphological categorization of breast... (Review)
Review
The World Health Organization's new classification of breast tumors has just been published. This review aims to examine the morphological categorization of breast carcinomas which is still principally based on histological features and follows the traditions of histological typing. It gives a subjective and critical view on the WHO classifications and their changes over time, and describes the changes related to some of the most common or challenging breast carcinomas: in situ carcinomas, invasive breast carcinomas of no special type, lobular, cribriform, tubular, mucinous, papillary, metaplastic carcinomas and carcinomas with medullary pattern and those with apocrine differentiation are discussed in more details. Although the 5 edition of the classification is not perfect, it has advantages which are mentioned along with problematic issues of classifications.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Humans; Neoplasm Grading; Time Factors; World Health Organization
PubMed: 32202537
DOI: 10.32074/1591-951X-1-20 -
Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica :... Jun 2021
Review
Topics: Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic; Humans; Salivary Gland Neoplasms
PubMed: 34264913
DOI: 10.14639/0392-100X-N1379 -
Nature Communications Oct 2022Cribriform prostate cancer, found in both invasive cribriform carcinoma (ICC) and intraductal carcinoma (IDC), is an aggressive histological subtype that is associated...
Cribriform prostate cancer, found in both invasive cribriform carcinoma (ICC) and intraductal carcinoma (IDC), is an aggressive histological subtype that is associated with progression to lethal disease. To delineate the molecular and cellular underpinnings of ICC/IDC aggressiveness, this study examines paired ICC/IDC and benign prostate surgical samples by single-cell RNA-sequencing, TCR sequencing, and histology. ICC/IDC cancer cells express genes associated with metastasis and targets with potential for therapeutic intervention. Pathway analyses and ligand/receptor status model cellular interactions among ICC/IDC and the tumor microenvironment (TME) including JAG1/NOTCH. The ICC/IDC TME is hallmarked by increased angiogenesis and immunosuppressive fibroblasts (CTHRC1ASPNFAPENG) along with fewer T cells, elevated T cell dysfunction, and increased C1QBTREM2APOE-M2 macrophages. These findings support that cancer cell intrinsic pathways and a complex immunosuppressive TME contribute to the aggressive phenotype of ICC/IDC. These data highlight potential therapeutic opportunities to restore immune signaling in patients with ICC/IDC that may afford better outcomes.
Topics: Apolipoproteins E; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Humans; Ligands; Male; Neoplasm Grading; Prostatic Neoplasms; RNA; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; Single-Cell Analysis; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 36229464
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33780-1 -
Surgical Pathology Clinics Mar 2021Polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC) is typically originated from the minor salivary glands and is characterized by cytology uniformity and architectural diversity. PAC... (Review)
Review
Polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC) is typically originated from the minor salivary glands and is characterized by cytology uniformity and architectural diversity. PAC commonly harbors PRKD1 E710D mutation. PAC has an excellent prognosis. However, greater than or equal to 10% papillary or greater than or equal to 30% cribriform pattern is an independent adverse prognostic factor. Cribriform adenocarcinoma of salivary gland (CASG) is a controversial entity that is considered within the same histologic spectrum of PAC in current classification schemes; however, it is regarded by some pathologists as a separate entity. CASG shows a propensity to base of tongue location, a lobulated growth pattern, a predominant solid/cribriform architecture, and a high frequency of PRKD1/2/3 fusion.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Lymph Node Excision; Lymphatic Metastasis; Point Mutation; Prognosis; Protein Kinase C; S100 Proteins; Salivary Gland Neoplasms
PubMed: 33526217
DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2020.09.011 -
Pathologica Feb 2022In 2022, after a six-year interval, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has published the 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Urinary and Male... (Review)
Review
In 2022, after a six-year interval, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has published the 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Urinary and Male Genital Tumors, which provides a comprehensive update on tumor classification of the genitourinary system. This review article focuses on prostate carcinoma and underscores changes in the prostate chapter as well as those made across the entire series of the 5th edition of WHO Blue Books. Although no major alterations were made to this chapter, some of the most notable updates include restructure of contents and introduction of a new format; standardization of mitotic counts, genomic nomenclatures, and units of length; refined definition for the terms "variant", "subtype", and "histologic pattern"; reclassification of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)-like adenocarcinoma as a subtype of prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma; and recognition of treatment-related neuroendocrine prostatic carcinoma as a distinct tumor type. Evolving and unsettled issues related to grading of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate and reporting of tertiary Gleason pattern, the definition and prognostic significance of cribriform growth pattern, and molecular pathology of prostate cancer will also be covered in this review.
Topics: Humans; Male; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Adenocarcinoma; Prognosis; World Health Organization; Neoplasm Grading
PubMed: 36645399
DOI: 10.32074/1591-951X-822 -
Translational Andrology and Urology Feb 2018The management of newly diagnosed prostate cancer is challenging because of its heterogeneity in histology, genetics and clinical outcome. The clinical outcome of... (Review)
Review
The management of newly diagnosed prostate cancer is challenging because of its heterogeneity in histology, genetics and clinical outcome. The clinical outcome of patients with Gleason score 7 prostate cancer varies greatly. Improving risk assessment in this group is of particular interest, as Gleason score 7 prostate cancer on biopsy is an important clinical threshold for active treatment. Architecturally, four Gleason grade 4 growth patterns are recognized: ill-formed, fused, glomeruloid and cribriform. The aim of this review is to describe the role of cribriform growth in prostate cancer with respect to diagnosis, prognosis and molecular pathology. Secondly, we will discuss clinical applications for cribriform prostate cancer and give recommendations for future research.
PubMed: 29594028
DOI: 10.21037/tau.2017.12.33 -
Urology Sep 2021Intraductal cribriform (IDC) and invasive cribriform morphologies are associated with worse prostate cancer outcomes. Limited retrospective studies have associated IDC... (Review)
Review
Intraductal cribriform (IDC) and invasive cribriform morphologies are associated with worse prostate cancer outcomes. Limited retrospective studies have associated IDC and cribriform morphology with germline mutations in DNA repair genes, particularly BRCA2. These findings, which prompted the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Guidelines for Prostate Cancer and Genetic/Familial High- Risk Assessment to consider germline testing for individuals with IDC/cribriform histology, have been questioned in a recent prospective study. A deepened understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving disease aggressiveness in cribriform morphology is critical to provide more clarity in clinical decision making. This review summarizes the current understanding of IDC and cribriform prostate cancer, with an emphasis on clinical outcomes and molecular alterations.
Topics: Humans; Male; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Neoplasm Grading; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 34058243
DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2021.05.028 -
Modern Pathology : An Official Journal... Oct 2022Locally relapsed prostate cancer (PCa) after radiation therapy (RT) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Morphological and molecular consequences that...
Locally relapsed prostate cancer (PCa) after radiation therapy (RT) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Morphological and molecular consequences that may contribute to RT resistance and local recurrence remain poorly understood. Locally recurrent PCa tissue from 53 patients with clinically localized PCa who failed with primary RT and subsequently underwent salvage radical prostatectomy (RP) was analyzed for tumor focality, clinicopathological, molecular, and genomic characteristics. Targeted next-generation sequencing with full exon coverage of 1,425 cancer-related genes was performed on 10 representative radiorecurrent PCas exhibiting no RT effect with matched adjacent benign prostate tissue. At RP, 37 (70%) of PCas had no RT effect with the following characteristics: grade group (GG) ≥ 3 (70%), unifocal tumor (75%), extraprostatic disease (78%), lymph node metastasis (8%), and "cribriform" morphologies (84%) [cribriform PCa (78%) or intraductal carcinoma (IDC-P) (61%)] at a median percentage of approximately 80% of tumor volume. In the setting of multifocal tumors (25%) at RP, the cribriform morphologies were restricted to index tumors. Of 32 patients with available pre-RT biopsy information, 16 had GG1 PCa, none had cribriform morphologies at baseline but 81% demonstrated cribriform morphologies at RP. Notable alterations detected in the sequenced tumors included: defects in DNA damage response and repair (DDR) genes (70%) (TP53, BRCA2, PALB2, ATR, POLQ), PTEN loss (50%), loss of 8p (80%), and gain of MYC (70%). The median tumor mutational burden was 4.18 mutations/Mb with a range of 2.16 to 31.86. Our findings suggest that most radiorecurrent PCas are enriched in cribriform morphologies with potentially targetable genomic alterations. Understanding this phenotypic and genotypic diversity of radiorecurrent PCa is critically important to facilitate optimal patient management.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Genomics; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Grading; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 35606411
DOI: 10.1038/s41379-022-01093-9 -
Histopathology Jun 2022
Topics: Humans; Male; Neoplasm Grading; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 35592932
DOI: 10.1111/his.14665