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Nutrients Apr 2022The problem addressed in this study is the appropriateness of using different pre-training supplementation strategies and their ability to improve training performance... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
The problem addressed in this study is the appropriateness of using different pre-training supplementation strategies and their ability to improve training performance and psychological measures. The aim of the study is the evaluation of the effectiveness of a multi-ingredient pre-workout supplement (MIPS) containing beta-alanine, L-citrulline malate, arginine alpha-ketoglutarate, L-taurine, L-tyrosine and caffeine compared to an exact dosage of anhydrous caffeine in bench press strength endurance, feeling scale (FS), felt arousal scale (FAS) and session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE). A group of fifteen resistance-trained males, weighing 83.92 ± 8.95 kg and having an average of 5.6 ± 3.38 years of training experience, tested their bench press 10 repetition maximum (79.01 ± 12.13). In a cross-over manner, they participated in two sessions where they were blinded to the order of supplementation they were given: either a MIPS including caffeine or caffeine alone. They completed the bench press strength endurance test with pre- and post-training psychological assessments containing FS, FAS and sRPE. Bench press repetition volume was greater after anhydrous caffeine than MIPS supplementation with no difference in psychological measures. These results indicate that MIPS supplementation is less ergogenic and cost effective than caffeine alone.
Topics: Caffeine; Cross-Over Studies; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Male; Muscle Strength; Physical Endurance; Resistance Training; Single-Blind Method; Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
PubMed: 35565718
DOI: 10.3390/nu14091750 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark... Aug 2021: Smart drugs are among the most common drugs used by students. It is estimated that they are second in incidence after cannabis. Although they are usually used for... (Review)
Review
: Smart drugs are among the most common drugs used by students. It is estimated that they are second in incidence after cannabis. Although they are usually used for diseases such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and dementia, in most cases the use of smart drugs is illegal and without a prescription. : A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. SCOPUS, Medline (using PubMed as a search engine), Embase, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar were used as search engines from January 1, 1980 to June 1, 2021 to evaluate the association between smart drugs and neuro-enhancement. A total of 4715 articles were collected. Of these, 295 duplicates were removed. A total of 4380 articles did not meet the inclusion criteria. In conclusion, 48 articles were included in the present systematic review. : Most of the studies were survey studies, 1 was a prospective longitudinal study, 1 was a cross-over study, and 1 was an experimental study in an animal model (rats). The largest group of consumers was school or university students. The most frequent reasons for using smart drugs were: better concentration, neuro enhancement, stress reduction, time optimization, increased wake time, increased free time, and curiosity. There are conflicting opinions, in fact, regarding their actual functioning and benefit, it is not known whether the benefits reported by consumers are due to the drugs, the placebo effect or a combination of these. The real prevalence is underestimated: it is important that the scientific community focus on this issue with further studies on animal models to validate their efficacy.
Topics: Animals; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Cross-Over Studies; Longitudinal Studies; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Prospective Studies; Rats
PubMed: 34455764
DOI: 10.52586/4948 -
Nutrients Sep 2018As a nitric oxide precursor, beetroot juice (BJ) is known to enhance high-intensity exercise performance (80⁻100% VO) yet its impacts on higher intensity sprint... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
As a nitric oxide precursor, beetroot juice (BJ) is known to enhance high-intensity exercise performance (80⁻100% VO) yet its impacts on higher intensity sprint exercise (>100% VO) remain to be established. This study sought to examine the effects of BJ supplementation on performance and subsequent fatigue during an all-out sprint exercise. Using a randomized cross-over, double-blind, placebo-controlled design, 15 healthy resistance-trained men (22.4 ± 1.6 years) ingested 70 mL of either BJ or placebo. Three hours later, participants undertook a 30-s all-out Wingate test. Before and after the sprint exercise and at 30 s and 180 s post-exercise, three countermovement jumps (CMJ) were performed and blood lactate samples were obtained. Compared to placebo, BJ consumption improved peak (placebo vs. BJ, 848 ± 134 vs. 881 ± 135 W; = 0.049) and mean (641 ± 91 vs. 666 ± 100 W; = 0.023) power output and also reduced the time taken to reach W in the Wingate test (8.9 ± 1.4 vs. 7.3 ± 0.9 s; = 0.003). No differences were detected in the fatigue index. In addition, while over time CMJ height and power diminished (ANOVA < 0.001) and blood lactate levels increased (ANOVA < 0.001), no supplementation effect was observed. Our findings indicate that while BJ supplementation improved performance at the 30-s cycling sprint, this improvement was not accompanied by differences in fatigue during or after this type of exercise.
Topics: Athletic Performance; Beta vulgaris; Cross-Over Studies; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Exercise; Fatigue; Fruit and Vegetable Juices; Humans; Lactic Acid; Male; Plant Roots; Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Young Adult
PubMed: 30181436
DOI: 10.3390/nu10091222 -
Nutrients Feb 2023People with fast eating habits have been reported to have an increased risk of diabetes and obesity. To explore whether the speed of eating a test meal (tomato,... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Eating Vegetables First Regardless of Eating Speed Has a Significant Reducing Effect on Postprandial Blood Glucose and Insulin in Young Healthy Women: Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Study.
People with fast eating habits have been reported to have an increased risk of diabetes and obesity. To explore whether the speed of eating a test meal (tomato, broccoli, fried fish, and boiled white rice) influences postprandial blood glucose, insulin, triglyceride, and free fatty acid levels, 18 young, healthy women consumed a 671 kcal breakfast at fast speed (10 min) and slow speed (20 min) with vegetables first and slow speed (20 min) with carbohydrate first on three separate days. This study was conducted using a within-participants cross-over design in which all participants consumed identical meals of three different eating speeds and food orders. Significant ameliorations of both fast and slow eating with vegetables first regimen on postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels at 30 and 60 min were observed compared with those of slow eating with carbohydrates first. In addition, the standard deviation, large amplitude of excursion, and incremental area under the curve for blood glucose and insulin in both fast and slow eating with vegetables first were all significantly lower than those of slow eating with carbohydrate first. Interestingly, there was no significant difference between fast and slow eating on postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels as long as vegetables were consumed first, although postprandial blood glucose at 30 min was significantly lower in slow eating with vegetables first than that of fast eating with the same food order. These results suggest that food order with vegetables first and carbohydrate last ameliorates postprandial blood glucose and insulin concentrations even if the meal was consumed at fast speed.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Insulin; Meals; Postprandial Period; Vegetables; Humans; Female; Feeding Behavior
PubMed: 36904173
DOI: 10.3390/nu15051174 -
Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) Sep 2019In the continuously expanding omics era, novel computational and statistical strategies are needed for data integration and identification of biomarkers and molecular...
MOTIVATION
In the continuously expanding omics era, novel computational and statistical strategies are needed for data integration and identification of biomarkers and molecular signatures. We present Data Integration Analysis for Biomarker discovery using Latent cOmponents (DIABLO), a multi-omics integrative method that seeks for common information across different data types through the selection of a subset of molecular features, while discriminating between multiple phenotypic groups.
RESULTS
Using simulations and benchmark multi-omics studies, we show that DIABLO identifies features with superior biological relevance compared with existing unsupervised integrative methods, while achieving predictive performance comparable to state-of-the-art supervised approaches. DIABLO is versatile, allowing for modular-based analyses and cross-over study designs. In two case studies, DIABLO identified both known and novel multi-omics biomarkers consisting of mRNAs, miRNAs, CpGs, proteins and metabolites.
AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION
DIABLO is implemented in the mixOmics R Bioconductor package with functions for parameters' choice and visualization to assist in the interpretation of the integrative analyses, along with tutorials on http://mixomics.org and in our Bioconductor vignette.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cross-Over Studies; Genomics; MicroRNAs; Software
PubMed: 30657866
DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty1054 -
Journal of the International Society of... Jun 2018Athletes commonly consume insufficient fluid and electrolytes just prior to, or during training and competition. Unlike non-athletes or athletes who do not engage in... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Athletes commonly consume insufficient fluid and electrolytes just prior to, or during training and competition. Unlike non-athletes or athletes who do not engage in frequent rigorous and prolonged training sessions, "hard trainers" may require additional sodium and better benefit from a hydration plan tailored to their individual physiology. The purpose of this randomized cross-over study was to determine whether a hydration plan based off of an athlete's sweat rate and sodium loss improves anaerobic and neurocognitive performance during a moderate to hard training session as well as heart rate recovery from this session.
METHODS
Collegiate athletes who were injury free and could exercise at ≥ 75% of their maximum heart rate for a minimum of 45 min were recruited for this randomized, cross-over study. After completing a questionnaire assessing hydration habits, participants were randomized either to a prescription hydration plan (PHP), which considered sweat rate and sodium loss or instructed to follow their normal ad libitum hydration habits (NHP) during training. Attention and awareness, as well as lower body anaerobic power (standing long jump) were assessed immediately before and after a moderate to hard training session of ≥ 45 min. Heart rate recovery was also measured. After a washout period of 7 days, the PHP group repeated the training bout with their normal hydration routine, while the NHP group were provided with a PHP plan and were assessed as previously described.
RESULTS
Fifteen athletes from three different sports, aged 20 ± 0.85 years, participated in this study. Most participants reported feeling somewhat or very dehydrated after a typical training session. Compared to their NHP, participants following a PHP jumped 4.53 ± 3.80 in. farther, tracked moving objects 0.36 ± 0.60 m/second faster, and exhibited a faster heart rate recovery following a moderate to hard training session of 45-120 min in duration.
CONCLUSION
A tailored hydration plan, based on an athlete's fluid and sodium loss has the potential to improve anaerobic power, attention and awareness, and heart rate recovery time.
Topics: Athletes; Athletic Performance; Attention; Awareness; Cross-Over Studies; Drinking; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Mental Status and Dementia Tests; Sodium; Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Sweat; Sweating; Water; Water-Electrolyte Balance; Young Adult
PubMed: 29866199
DOI: 10.1186/s12970-018-0230-2 -
Clinical Gastroenterology and... Jun 2021A high-fat diet has been associated with an increased risk of ulcerative colitis (UC). We studied the effects of a low-fat, high-fiber diet (LFD) vs an improved standard... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND & AIMS
A high-fat diet has been associated with an increased risk of ulcerative colitis (UC). We studied the effects of a low-fat, high-fiber diet (LFD) vs an improved standard American diet (iSAD, included higher quantities of fruits, vegetables, and fiber than a typical SAD). We collected data on quality of life, markers of inflammation, and fecal markers of intestinal dysbiosis in patients with UC.
METHODS
We analyzed data from a parallel-group, cross-over study of 17 patients with UC in remission or with mild disease (with a flare within the past 18 mo), from February 25, 2015, through September 11, 2018. Participants were assigned randomly to 2 groups and received a LFD (10% of calories from fat) or an iSAD (35%-40% of calories from fat) for the first 4-week period, followed by a 2-week washout period, and then switched to the other diet for 4 weeks. All diets were catered and delivered to patients' homes, and each participant served as her or his own control. Serum and stool samples were collected at baseline and week 4 of each diet and analyzed for markers of inflammation. We performed 16s ribosomal RNA sequencing and untargeted and targeted metabolomic analyses on stool samples. The primary outcome was quality of life, which was measured by the short inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) questionnaire at baseline and week 4 of the diets. Secondary outcomes included changes in the Short-Form 36 health survey, partial Mayo score, markers of inflammation, microbiome and metabolome analysis, and adherence to the diet.
RESULTS
Participants' baseline diets were unhealthier than either study diet. All patients remained in remission throughout the study period. Compared with baseline, the iSAD and LFD each increased quality of life, based on the short IBD questionnaire and Short-Form 36 health survey scores (baseline short IBD questionnaire score, 4.98; iSAD, 5.55; LFD, 5.77; baseline vs iSAD, P = .02; baseline vs LFD, P = .001). Serum amyloid A decreased significantly from 7.99 mg/L at baseline to 4.50 mg/L after LFD (P = .02), but did not decrease significantly compared with iSAD (7.20 mg/L; iSAD vs LFD, P = .07). The serum level of C-reactive protein decreased numerically from 3.23 mg/L at baseline to 2.51 mg/L after LFD (P = .07). The relative abundance of Actinobacteria in fecal samples decreased from 13.69% at baseline to 7.82% after LFD (P = .017), whereas the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes increased from 14.6% at baseline to 24.02% on LFD (P = .015). The relative abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was higher after 4 weeks on the LFD (7.20%) compared with iSAD (5.37%; P = .04). Fecal levels of acetate (an anti-inflammatory metabolite) increased from a relative abundance of 40.37 at baseline to 42.52 on the iSAD and 53.98 on the LFD (baseline vs LFD, P = .05; iSAD vs LFD, P = .09). The fecal level of tryptophan decreased from a relative abundance of 1.33 at baseline to 1.08 on the iSAD (P = .43), but increased to a relative abundance of 2.27 on the LFD (baseline vs LFD, P = .04; iSAD vs LFD, P = .08); fecal levels of lauric acid decreased after LFD (baseline, 203.4; iSAD, 381.4; LFD, 29.91; baseline vs LFD, P = .04; iSAD vs LFD, P = .02).
CONCLUSIONS
In a cross-over study of patients with UC in remission, we found that a catered LFD or iSAD were each well tolerated and increased quality of life. However, the LFD decreased markers of inflammation and reduced intestinal dysbiosis in fecal samples. Dietary interventions therefore might benefit patients with UC in remission. ClinicalTrials.gov no: NCT04147598.
Topics: Colitis, Ulcerative; Cross-Over Studies; Diet; Dysbiosis; Feces; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Male; Quality of Life
PubMed: 32445952
DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.05.026 -
Journal of Pineal Research Aug 2022Aging is associated with changes in sleep, and improving sleep may have important consequences for the health, cognition, and quality of life of older adults. Many... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Aging is associated with changes in sleep, and improving sleep may have important consequences for the health, cognition, and quality of life of older adults. Many prescription sleep aids increase the risk of nighttime falls, have adverse effects on next-day cognition, and are associated with increased mortality. Melatonin, a hormone secreted at night, increases sleep duration in young adults but only when administered during the day when endogenous levels are low. In a month-long cross-over study, we randomized 24 healthy older (age >55, mean 64.2 ± 6.3 years) participants to receive 2 weeks of placebo and 2 weeks of either a low (0.3 mg) or high (5.0 mg) dose of melatonin 30 min before lights out. Sleep was polysomnographically recorded and was scheduled during both the biological day and night using a forced desynchrony design. Although 0.3 mg melatonin had a trend towards increasing sleep efficiency (SE) overall, this was due to its effects on sleep during the biological day. In contrast, 5 mg melatonin significantly increased SE during both biological day and night, mainly by increasing the duration of Stage 2 non-rapid eye movement sleep and slightly shortening awakenings. Melatonin should be further explored as a sleep aid for older adults.
Topics: Aged; Circadian Rhythm; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Melatonin; Middle Aged; Quality of Life; Sleep; Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm
PubMed: 35436355
DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12801 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Dec 2023Introduction While some studies have investigated the cooling properties of warm beverages, no studies have examined thermal well-being in warm environments in relation... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Introduction While some studies have investigated the cooling properties of warm beverages, no studies have examined thermal well-being in warm environments in relation to beverage temperature. Methods Thirty researchers were randomised in a 1:1 ratio in a double-blinded cross-over study. Participants were randomised to drink 10cl of 10°C and 50°C decaffeinated tea, 15 minutes apart while staying outside in the Turkish summer heat at noon. Well-being was assessed using the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) thermal sensation scale, Bedford thermal comfort scale, Brief Mood Introspection Scale (BMIS), and the last two domains of EuroQol 5-domain, 5-point scale: EQ-5D-5L. Results Neither clinically nor statistically significant differences were found in well-being between warm and cold tea. Moods soured significantly as the trial course passed (using BMIS, µ 1.9; P=0.03), but comfort in the heat bettered (using Bedford, µ -0.37; P less-than 0.001). These changes were not considered to be clinically significant. Conclusion We were unable to show any correlation between beverage temperature and comfort in a hot environment. The mood of participants did, however, deteriorate as time passed-a lesson to any future researchers conducting drawn-out experiments just before lunch. Funding none. Trial registration NCT05900960.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Over Studies; Hot Temperature; Cold Temperature; Thermosensing; Tea
PubMed: 38084617
DOI: No ID Found -
Nutrients Aug 2023Creatine supplementation improves anaerobic performance and recovery; however, to date, these outcomes have not been well explored in females. This study evaluated the... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Creatine supplementation improves anaerobic performance and recovery; however, to date, these outcomes have not been well explored in females. This study evaluated the effect of creatine monohydrate loading on exercise recovery, measured by heart rate variability (HRV) and repeated sprint performance, in women across the menstrual cycle. In this randomized, double-blind, cross-over study, 39 women (mean ± standard deviation: age: 24.6 ± 5.9 years, height: 172.5 ± 42.3 cm, weight: 65.1 ± 8.1 kg, BF: 27.4 ± 5.8%) were randomized to a creatine monohydrate ( = 19; 20 g per day in 4 × 5 g doses) or non-caloric PL group ( = 20). HRV was measured at rest and after participants completed a repeated sprint cycling test (10 × 6 s maximal sprints). Measurements were conducted before and after supplementation in the follicular/low hormone and luteal/high hormone phases. Creatine monohydrate supplementation did not influence HRV values, as no significant differences were seen in HRV values at rest or postexercise. For repeated sprint outcomes, there was a significant phase × supplement interaction ( = 0.048) for fatigue index, with the greatest improvement seen in high hormone in the creatine monohydrate group (-5.8 ± 19.0%) compared to changes in the PL group (0.1 ± 8.1%). Sprint performance and recovery were reduced by the high hormone for both groups. Though not statistically significant, the data suggests that creatine monohydrate could help counteract performance decrements caused by the high hormone. This data can help inform creatine monohydrate loading strategies for females, demonstrating potential benefits in the high hormone phase.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult; Creatine; Cross-Over Studies; Menstrual Cycle; Bicycling; Dietary Supplements; Progesterone
PubMed: 37630756
DOI: 10.3390/nu15163567