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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2019Turmeric is a curry spice that originated from India, which has attracted great interest in recent decades because it contains bioactive curcuminoids (curcumin,... (Review)
Review
Turmeric is a curry spice that originated from India, which has attracted great interest in recent decades because it contains bioactive curcuminoids (curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin). Curcumin (1,7-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione), a lipophilic polyphenol may work as an anticancer, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging agent as suggested by several in vitro, in vivo studies and clinical trials. However, poor aqueous solubility, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetic profiles limit curcumin's therapeutic usage. To address these issues, several curcumin formulations have been developed. However, suboptimal sample preparation and analysis methodologies often hamper the accurate evaluation of bioactivities and their clinical efficacy. This review summarizes recent research on biological, pharmaceutical, and analytical aspects of the curcumin. Various formulation techniques and corresponding clinical trials and in vivo outcomes are discussed. A detailed comparison of different sample preparation (ultrasonic, pressurized liquid extraction, microwave, reflux) and analytical (FT-IR, FT-NIR, FT-Raman, UV, NMR, HPTLC, HPLC, and LC-MS/MS) methodologies used for the extraction and quantification of curcuminoids in different matrices, is presented. Application of optimal sample preparation, chromatographic separation, and detection methodologies will significantly improve the assessment of different formulations and biological activities of curcuminoids.
Topics: Animals; Curcuma; Curcumin; Dietary Supplements; Drug Compounding; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Humans; Molecular Structure; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 31412624
DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162930 -
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Mar 2017Curcumin is a constituent (up to ∼5%) of the traditional medicine known as turmeric. Interest in the therapeutic use of turmeric and the relative ease of isolation of... (Review)
Review
Curcumin is a constituent (up to ∼5%) of the traditional medicine known as turmeric. Interest in the therapeutic use of turmeric and the relative ease of isolation of curcuminoids has led to their extensive investigation. Curcumin has recently been classified as both a PAINS (pan-assay interference compounds) and an IMPS (invalid metabolic panaceas) candidate. The likely false activity of curcumin in vitro and in vivo has resulted in >120 clinical trials of curcuminoids against several diseases. No double-blinded, placebo controlled clinical trial of curcumin has been successful. This manuscript reviews the essential medicinal chemistry of curcumin and provides evidence that curcumin is an unstable, reactive, nonbioavailable compound and, therefore, a highly improbable lead. On the basis of this in-depth evaluation, potential new directions for research on curcuminoids are discussed.
Topics: Animals; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Curcumin; Humans
PubMed: 28074653
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00975 -
Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2021Curcumin is a natural compound with great potential for disease treatment. A large number of studies have proved that curcumin has a variety of biological activities,... (Review)
Review
Curcumin is a natural compound with great potential for disease treatment. A large number of studies have proved that curcumin has a variety of biological activities, among which anti-inflammatory effect is a significant feature of it. Inflammation is a complex and pervasive physiological and pathological process. The physiological and pathological mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, atherosclerosis, COVID-19 and other research focus diseases are not clear yet, and they are considered to be related to inflammation. The anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin can effectively improve the symptoms of these diseases and is expected to be a candidate drug for the treatment of related diseases. This paper mainly reviews the anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin, the inflammatory pathological mechanism of related diseases, the regulatory effect of curcumin on these, and the latest research results on the improvement of curcumin pharmacokinetics. It is beneficial to the further study of curcumin and provides new ideas and insights for the development of curcumin anti-inflammatory preparations.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Atherosclerosis; Curcumin; Depression; Humans; Inflammation; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
PubMed: 34754179
DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S327378 -
Journal of B.U.ON. : Official Journal... 2016Curcumin is a substance obtained from the root of the turmeric plant, which has the feature of being a yellow or orange pigment. It is also the main component of curry... (Review)
Review
Curcumin is a substance obtained from the root of the turmeric plant, which has the feature of being a yellow or orange pigment. It is also the main component of curry powder commonly used in Asian cuisine. Curcumin, a substance that has had an important place in traditional Indian and Chinese medicines for thousands of years, has been the center of interest for scientific studies especially in the field of cancer treatment for several years. Laboratory studies have presented some favorable results in terms of curcumin's antioxidant, antiinflammatory and anticancer properties in particular. However, since such findings have yet to be confirmed in clinical studies, its effect on humans is not clearly known. Therefore, when its advantages in terms of toxicity, cost and availability as well as the favorable results achieved in laboratory studies are considered, it would not be wrong to say that curcumin is a substance worth being studied. However, for now the most correct approach is to abstain from its use for medical purposes due to lack of adequate reliable evidence obtained from clinical studies, and because of its potential to interfere with other drugs.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Curcuma; Curcumin; Humans; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal
PubMed: 27837604
DOI: No ID Found -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Dec 2022Nowadays, one of the leading causes of death in humans is cancer, which is still on the rise globally and is in great need of intense study on the pathogenic mechanism... (Review)
Review
Nowadays, one of the leading causes of death in humans is cancer, which is still on the rise globally and is in great need of intense study on the pathogenic mechanism and effective therapy. Epigenetics is a discipline that studies heritable changes in gene expression without alteration of DNA sequence. Epigenetic changes mainly involve DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNA (ncRNA) expression, which are interconnected to play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of various malignancies. Curcumin is a type of plant-derived polyphenolic compound with strong bioactivity against various disorders, particularly cancer. Retrieving commonly used databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and CNKI, we summarized recent advances in the efficacy of curcumin on cancer and its epigenetic regulation in terms of DNA methylation, histone modifications and ncRNA expression. Furthermore, we also focused on improving the bioavailability of curcumin by development of novel curcumin analogs with high bioavailability, nanoparticles-loaded drug delivery system for curcumin, and combination therapy of curcumin with other agents. This review provides comprehensive insights into the molecular mechanisms, on the basis of epigenetic regulation, underlying the clinical application of curcumin in cancer.
Topics: Humans; Epigenesis, Genetic; Curcumin; Neoplasms; DNA Methylation; Protein Processing, Post-Translational
PubMed: 36411666
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113956 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2015It is extensively verified that continued oxidative stress and oxidative damage may lead to chronic inflammation, which in turn can mediate most chronic diseases... (Review)
Review
It is extensively verified that continued oxidative stress and oxidative damage may lead to chronic inflammation, which in turn can mediate most chronic diseases including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, neurological, inflammatory bowel disease and pulmonary diseases. Curcumin, a yellow coloring agent extracted from turmeric, shows strong anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities when used as a remedy for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. How oxidative stress activates inflammatory pathways leading to the progression of chronic diseases is the focus of this review. Thus, research to date suggests that chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and most chronic diseases are closely linked, and the antioxidant properties of curcumin can play a key role in the prevention and treatment of chronic inflammation diseases.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Chronic Disease; Curcumin; Humans; Inflammation; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 26007179
DOI: 10.3390/molecules20059183 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Feb 2021Healthy aging and human longevity are intricate phenotypes affected by environmental factors such as physical exercise, diet, health habits, and psychosocial situations... (Review)
Review
Healthy aging and human longevity are intricate phenotypes affected by environmental factors such as physical exercise, diet, health habits, and psychosocial situations as well as genetic factors. Diet and caloric restriction have a crucial role in healthy aging. Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound isolated from the Curcuma longa, has been shown to exert anti-aging characteristics. Recently, investigations on curcumin with regard to aging and age-associated disease in model organisms has described that curcumin and its metabolites, prolong the mean lifespan of some aging model organisms such as C. elegans, D. melanogaster, yeast, and mouse. It has been proposed to have several biological activities, such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, chemopreventive, and anti-neurodegenerative characteristics. In several studies on various model organisms it has been shown that the lifespan extension via curcumin treatment was connected with enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and also declined malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipofuscin levels. As well as the pivotal role of curcumin on the modulating of major signaling pathways that influence longevity of organisms like IIS, mTOR, PKA, and FOXO signaling pathways. This review defines the use of curcumin in traditional and modern medicine, its biochemistry and biological functions, such as curcumin's anti-aging, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant characteristics. Also, the review further describes the role of curcumin in a pharmacological context and new insights on its therapeutic capacity and restrictions. Particularly, the review emphasizes in-depth on the efficiency of curcumin and its mechanism of action as an anti-aging compound and also treating age-related disease.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Cellular Senescence; Curcumin; Healthy Aging; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Oxidative Stress; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 33360051
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111119 -
Nutrients Sep 2019Curcumin is a compound isolated from turmeric, a plant known for its medicinal use. Recently, there is a growing interest in the medical community in identifying novel,... (Review)
Review
Curcumin is a compound isolated from turmeric, a plant known for its medicinal use. Recently, there is a growing interest in the medical community in identifying novel, low-cost, safe molecules that may be used in the treatment of inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. An increasing amount of evidence suggests that curcumin may represent an effective agent in the treatment of several skin conditions. We examined the most relevant in vitro and in vivo studies published to date regarding the use of curcumin in inflammatory, neoplastic, and infectious skin diseases, providing information on its bioavailability and safety profile. Moreover, we performed a computational analysis about curcumin's interaction towards the major enzymatic targets identified in the literature. Our results suggest that curcumin may represent a low-cost, well-tolerated, effective agent in the treatment of skin diseases. However, bypass of limitations of its in vivo use (low oral bioavailability, metabolism) is essential in order to conduct larger clinical trials that could confirm these observations. The possible use of curcumin in combination with traditional drugs and the formulations of novel delivery systems represent a very promising field for future applicative research.
Topics: Animals; Curcumin; Dermatologic Agents; Humans; Skin; Skin Diseases; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31509968
DOI: 10.3390/nu11092169 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2019Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world and one of the major public health problems. Despite the great advances in cancer therapy, the incidence and... (Review)
Review
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world and one of the major public health problems. Despite the great advances in cancer therapy, the incidence and mortality rates of cancer remain high. Therefore, the quest for more efficient and less toxic cancer treatment strategies is still at the forefront of current research. Curcumin, the active ingredient of the plant, has received great attention over the past two decades as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer agent. In this review, a summary of the medicinal chemistry and pharmacology of curcumin and its derivatives in regard to anticancer activity, their main mechanisms of action, and cellular targets has been provided based on the literature data from the experimental and clinical evaluation of curcumin in cancer cell lines, animal models, and human subjects. In addition, the recent advances in the drug delivery systems for curcumin delivery to cancer cells have been highlighted.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Curcumin; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Neoplasms; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 30818786
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051033 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2020Worldwide, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative multifactorial disease influencing the elderly population. Nowadays, several medications, among... (Review)
Review
Worldwide, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative multifactorial disease influencing the elderly population. Nowadays, several medications, among them curcumin, are used in the treatment of AD. Curcumin, which is the principal component of , has shown favorable effects forsignificantly preventing or treating AD. During the last decade, the scientific community has focused their research on the optimization of therapeutic properties and on the improvement of pharmacokinetic properties of curcumin. This review summarizes bibliographical data from 2009 to 2019 on curcumin analogues, derivatives, and hybrids, as well as their therapeutic, preventic, and diagnostic applications in AD. Recent advances in the field have revealed that the phenolic hydroxyl group could contribute to the anti-amyloidogenic activity. Phenyl methoxy groups seem to contribute to the suppression of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and to the suppression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) andhydrophobic interactions have also revealed a growing role. Furthermore, flexible moieties, at the linker, are crucial for the inhibition of Aβ aggregation. The inhibitory activity of derivatives is increased with the expansion of the aromatic rings. The promising role of curcumin-based compounds in diagnostic imaging is highlighted. The keto-enol tautomerism seems to be a novel modification for the design of amyloid-binding agents. Molecular docking results, (Q)SAR, as well as in vitro and in vivo tests highlight the structures and chemical moieties that are correlated with specific activity. As a result, the knowledge gained from the existing research should lead to the design and synthesis ofinnovative and multitargetedcurcumin analogues, derivatives, or curcumin hybrid, which would be very useful drug and tools in medicine for both diagnosis and treatment of AD.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Curcumin; Drug Development; Humans; Neuroprotective Agents; Protein Binding
PubMed: 32183162
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061975