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Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Mar 2022Cutibacterium avidum, a human skin commensal bacterium, rarely causes infections. It has recently been shown that Cutibacterium acnes, another member of the genus, acts...
OBJECTIVES
Cutibacterium avidum, a human skin commensal bacterium, rarely causes infections. It has recently been shown that Cutibacterium acnes, another member of the genus, acts as an opportunistic pathogen in surgical site infections. However, the antimicrobial susceptibility and pathogenicity of C. avidum remain unknown.
METHODS
We investigated the epidemiological features and antimicrobial susceptibility of C. avidum isolated from patients with acne vulgaris and other infections.
RESULTS
Cutibacterium avidum strains were isolated from patients with acne vulgaris (29 strains) and other infections (12 strains). Clarithromycin and clindamycin resistance was observed in 65.9% (27/41) of strains. In addition, ciprofloxacin resistance was observed in 34.1% (14/41) of strains, of which 13 also exhibited resistance to macrolides and clindamycin. Notably, the macrolide-clindamycin resistance gene erm(X) was found on the chromosome of 92.6% (25/27) of clindamycin-resistant strains and may be prevalent owing to transmission among C. avidum strains. Ciprofloxacin-resistant strains developed amino acid substitutions in GyrA owing to the use of antimicrobial agents. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis revealed that only a few strains exhibited 100% similarity. Additionally, no clustering associated with antimicrobial resistance, biofilm-forming ability or type of infection was observed.
CONCLUSION
Our study revealed that erm(X) may be frequently disseminated in C. avidum, and multidrug-resistant C. avidum strains may colonise the skin of patients with acne vulgaris and other infections. Therefore, the prevalence of multidrug-resistant C. avidum and the use of antimicrobial agents for the treatment of acne vulgaris and other infections associated with C. avidum should be monitored.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Clindamycin; Humans; Macrolides; Propionibacteriaceae
PubMed: 35017069
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2021.12.021 -
Clinical Microbiology Reviews Jul 2018The recent description of the genus has altered the taxonomy of species. These organisms still belong to the genera of the skin coryneform group, and the most-studied... (Review)
Review
The recent description of the genus has altered the taxonomy of species. These organisms still belong to the genera of the skin coryneform group, and the most-studied species remains . is also a known skin commensal. This underrecognized microorganism can, however, act as a pathogen after bacterial seeding and can be considered opportunistic, causing either superficial or deep/invasive infections. It can cause numerous infections, including but not limited to breast infections, skin abscesses, infective endocarditis, and device-related infections. The ecological niche of is clearly different from that of other members of the genus: it is found in the axillary region or at wet sites rather than in dry, exposed areas, and the number of microorganisms increases during puberty. Historically, it has been used for its ability to modulate the immune response and for its antitumor properties. Conventional microbial culture methods and identification processes allow for its accurate identification and characterization. Thanks to the modern omics tools used for phylogenomic approaches, understanding pathogenesis (including host-bacterium interactions and virulence factor characterization) is becoming easier, allowing for more thorough molecular characterization. These analyses have revealed that causes diverse diseases mediated by multiple virulence factors. The recent genome approach has revealed specific genomic regions within this species that are involved in adherence and biofilm formation as well as fitness, survival, and defense functions. Numerous regions show the presence of phages and horizontal gene transfer. remains highly sensitive to a broad spectrum of antibiotics, such as β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and rifampin, although erythromycin and clindamycin resistance has been described. A long-term treatment regimen with a combination of antibiotics is required to successfully eliminate the remaining adherent bacteria, particularly in the case of deep infections after debridement surgery.
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Phylogeny; Propionibacterium
PubMed: 29848774
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00064-17 -
Microorganisms Feb 2024has recently been reported as a rare cause of prosthetic joint infections (PJIs), contrary to , which is well established as a cause of PJIs, especially in shoulder...
has recently been reported as a rare cause of prosthetic joint infections (PJIs), contrary to , which is well established as a cause of PJIs, especially in shoulder arthroplasties. Two specific risk factors for PJI due to have been reported: obesity and the skin incision approach. Here, we report four cases of hip PJIs caused by admitted over a 30-month period at a single center. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the four strains were all individual strains and did not originate from a common source, such as an outbreak. Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that the isolates were fully susceptible, and none carried known antibiotic resistance genes. In conclusion, the occurrence of four cases of PJI caused by over a limited time at a single center may indicate that this pathogen is underestimated and is either emerging or more common than previously recognized. The patients presented overt signs of infection during surgery, indicating that is a virulent pathogen. None of the previously reported risk factors for PJI applied to these patients as only one was obese and none were operated on using a direct anterior skin incision approach.
PubMed: 38543483
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12030432 -
Microbiology Spectrum Aug 2023Cutibacterium avidum is an emerging causative agent of orthopedic device-related infections (ODRIs). There are no guidelines for the antimicrobial treatment of ODRI,...
Cutibacterium avidum is an emerging causative agent of orthopedic device-related infections (ODRIs). There are no guidelines for the antimicrobial treatment of ODRI, but oral rifampin is frequently used in combination with a fluoroquinolone following intravenous antibiotics. We describe the emergence of combined resistance to rifampin and levofloxacin in a strain isolated from a patient with early-onset ODRI treated with debridement, antibiotic treatment, and implant retention (DAIR) using rifampin combined with levofloxacin as the oral treatment. Whole-genome sequencing of isolates before and after antibiotic exposure confirmed strain identity and identified new mutations in and , leading to amino acid substitutions previously reported to be associated with resistance to rifampin (S446P) and fluoroquinolones (S101L), respectively, in other microbial agents, in the posttherapy isolate. Aside from the molecular insights reported here, this study highlights potential limitations of the combination of oral rifampin and levofloxacin in patients undergoing a DAIR procedure for ODRI and the potential need to evaluate specific optimal therapy for emerging ODRI pathogens. In this study, we report for the first time the emergence of dual resistance to levofloxacin and rifampin in isolated from a patient who received both antibiotics orally in the setting of a salvage debridement and implant retention of an ODRI. Aside from the molecular insights reported here, this study highlights potential limitations of the combination of oral rifampin and levofloxacin in patients undergoing these surgical procedures and the potential need to evaluate specific optimal therapy for emerging ODRI pathogens.
Topics: Humans; Levofloxacin; Rifampin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Propionibacteriaceae; Fluoroquinolones; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 37289061
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03687-22 -
Postepy Dermatologii I Alergologii Dec 2022
PubMed: 36686016
DOI: 10.5114/ada.2022.122612 -
Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection... Feb 2021The skin commensal Cutibacterium avidum has been recognized as an emerging pathogen for periprosthetic joint infections (PJI). One currently assumes that the early...
BACKGROUND
The skin commensal Cutibacterium avidum has been recognized as an emerging pathogen for periprosthetic joint infections (PJI). One currently assumes that the early occurring PJIs are a consequence of skin commensals contaminating the peri-implant tissue during surgery. We addressed whether standard skin antisepsis with povidone-iodine/alcohol before total hip arthroplasty (THA) is effective to eliminate colonizing bacteria with focus on C. avidum.
METHODS
In a single-center, prospective study, we screened all patients for skin colonizing C. avidum in the groin before THA. Only in the patients positive for C. avidum, we preoperatively repeated skin swabs after the first and third skin antisepsis and antibiotic prophylaxis. We also obtained dermis biopsies for microbiology and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).
RESULTS
Fifty-one out of 60 patients (85%) were colonized on the skin with various bacteria, in particular with C. avidum in 12 out of 60. Skin antisepsis eliminated C. avidum in eight of ten (20%) colonized patients undergoing THA. Deeper skin (dermis) biopsies were all culture negative, but FISH detected single positive ribosome-rich C. avidum in one case near sweat glands.
CONCLUSION
Standard skin antisepsis was not effective to completely eliminate colonizing C. avidum on the skin in the groin of patients undergoing THA. Colonizing with C. avidum might pose an increased risk for PJI when considering a THA. Novel more effective antisepsis strategies are needed. Trial registration No clinical trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Antisepsis; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; Female; Groin; Hospitals, University; Humans; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Male; Middle Aged; Preoperative Care; Propionibacteriaceae; Prospective Studies; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Quality Control; Risk Factors; Skin; Switzerland
PubMed: 33522957
DOI: 10.1186/s13756-021-00883-1 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Jan 2018Propionibacteria are important members of the human skin microbiota, but are also opportunistic pathogens associated with periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). While the...
BACKGROUND
Propionibacteria are important members of the human skin microbiota, but are also opportunistic pathogens associated with periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). While the role of Propionibacterium acnes in PJI has been widely described, insight into the capacity of Propionibacterium avidum to cause PJI is limited.
METHODS
An unusual cluster of 4 hip PJIs caused by P. avidum in one orthopedic center in 2015 prompted us to retrospectively identify and analyze clinical data related to previous P. avidum PJI cases (1997-2015). We also characterized the hemolytic and biofilm-producing capacity of our 4 clinical P. avidum strains isolated in 2015, and investigated their phylogenetic relationships by whole-genome sequencing.
RESULTS
We retrospectively identified 13 P. avidum PJIs, with the majority being hip-related infections (n = 11). Preoperative synovial fluid cultures were P. avidum positive in 63.6% of cases. Six of 12 patients (50%) with available case histories were treated with an exchange of the prosthesis. In all but 1 of the 6 patients treated with debridement-retention of the prosthesis, treatment failed, thus requiring a 2-stage revision. The isolated P. avidum strains showed a more pronounced hemolytic activity, but a similar biofilm-forming ability when compared to P. acnes. Whole-genome sequencing identified 2 phylogenetic clusters highly related to P. avidum PJI strains isolated in Sweden.
CONCLUSIONS
We describe the largest series of P. avidum PJI predominantly located in the hip. Phylogenetic similarity of our P. avidum strains to PJI strains isolated elsewhere suggests that these invasive lineages may be common.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biofilms; Disease Outbreaks; Female; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Hemolysis; Hip Joint; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Molecular Epidemiology; Molecular Typing; Osteoarthritis; Phylogeny; Propionibacterium; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Retrospective Studies; Sweden; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 29020266
DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix665 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2022Establishing the relationship between gut microbiota and host health has become a main target of research in the last decade. Human gut microbiota-associated animal...
Establishing the relationship between gut microbiota and host health has become a main target of research in the last decade. Human gut microbiota-associated animal models represent one alternative to human research, allowing for intervention studies to investigate causality. Recent cohort and studies proposed an altered gut microbiota and lactate metabolism with excessive H production as the main causes of infant colic. To evaluate H production by infant gut microbiota and to test modulation of gut colonizer lactose- and lactate-utilizer non-H-producer, P279, we established and validated a gnotobiotic model using young germ-free rats inoculated with fecal slurries from infants younger than 3 months. Here, we show that infant microbiota-associated (IMA) rats inoculated with fresh feces from healthy ( = 2) and colic infants ( = 2) and fed infant formula acquired and maintained similar quantitative and qualitative fecal microbiota composition compared to the individual donor's profile. We observed that IMA rats excreted high levels of H, which were linked to a high abundance of lactate-utilizer H-producer . Supplementation of P279 to colic IMA rats reduced H levels compared to animals receiving a placebo. Taken together, we report high H production by infant gut microbiota, which might be a contributing factor for infant colic, and suggest the potential of P279 in reducing the abdominal H production, bloating, and pain associated with excessive crying in colic infants.
PubMed: 36071938
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.902159 -
The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics :... Jun 2022Diagnosis of Cutibacterium periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) is challenging due to a long cultivation time of up to 14 days. Faster culture-independent diagnosis...
Diagnosis of Cutibacterium periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) is challenging due to a long cultivation time of up to 14 days. Faster culture-independent diagnosis would improve patient care with early and accurate treatment. Specific primers and probes were designed for Cutibacterium acnes, Cutibacterium avidum, and Cutibacterium granulosum and evaluated in a multiplex TaqMan real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) format on 57 skin swabs and 20 culture-negative cerebrospinal fluid samples. The multiplex qPCR was tested in a PJI cohort of 41 sonication fluid samples from removed implants infected with different pathogens. All five culture-positive Cutibacterium PJIs were detected with the corresponding Cutibacterium-specific probe (100% positive percent agreement). The multiplex qPCR additionally detected C. avidum in two PJI sonication fluid samples that were diagnosed as Staphylococcus species infections according to culture (95% negative percent agreement). The new multiplex qPCR can provide a Cutibacterium PJI diagnosis within 1 day, allowing early and accurate antibiotic treatment. A prospective diagnostic trial in PJI with a high number of Cutibacterium species infections (shoulder PJI) is needed for further evaluation.
Topics: Arthritis, Infectious; Humans; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; Prospective Studies; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Sonication
PubMed: 35364323
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2022.03.003 -
MSphere Jan 2020Porphyrins are intermediate metabolites in the biosynthesis of vital molecules, including heme, cobalamin, and chlorophyll. Bacterial porphyrins are known to be... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Porphyrins are intermediate metabolites in the biosynthesis of vital molecules, including heme, cobalamin, and chlorophyll. Bacterial porphyrins are known to be proinflammatory, with high levels linked to inflammatory skin diseases. species are dominant skin commensals and play essential roles in defending against pathogens and in triggering an inflammatory response. To better understand how the inflammatory potential of the skin microbiome may vary depending on its propionibacterial composition, we compared the production levels of porphyrins among , , , and strains. We found that porphyrin production varied among these species, with type I strains producing significantly larger amounts of porphyrins than type II and III strains and other species. strains that are highly associated with the common skin condition acne vulgaris responded to vitamin B supplementation with significantly higher porphyrin production. In contrast, vitamin B supplementation had no effect on the porphyrin production of health-associated strains and other propionibacteria. We observed low-level porphyrin production in most strains harboring the repressor gene, with the exception of strains belonging to type I clades IB-3 and IC. Our findings shed light on the proinflammatory potential of distinct phylogenetic lineages of as well as other resident skin propionibacteria. We demonstrate that the overall species and strain composition is important in determining the metabolic output of the skin microbiome in health and disease. Porphyrins are a group of metabolites essential to the biosynthesis of heme, cobalamin, and chlorophyll in living organisms. Bacterial porphyrins can be proinflammatory, with high levels linked to human inflammatory diseases, including the common skin condition acne vulgaris. Propionibacteria are among the most abundant skin bacteria. Variations in propionibacteria composition on the skin may lead to different porphyrin levels and inflammatory potentials. This study characterized porphyrin production in all lineages of , the most dominant skin , and other resident skin propionibacteria, including , , and We revealed that type I strains produced significantly more porphyrins than did type II and III strains and other species. The findings from this study shed light on the proinflammatory potential of the skin microbiome and can be used to guide the development of effective acne treatments by modulating the skin microbiome and its metabolic activities.
Topics: Humans; Microbiota; Phylogeny; Porphyrins; Propionibacteriaceae; Propionibacterium; Propionibacterium acnes; Skin
PubMed: 31941813
DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00793-19