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Canadian Medical Association Journal Apr 1972
Topics: Adult; Anesthetics; Child; Cyclohexanes; Humans; Ketamine
PubMed: 5016918
DOI: No ID Found -
IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of... 1989
Review
Topics: Animals; Carcinogens; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Cyclohexanes; Cyclohexanones; Humans; Risk Factors
PubMed: 2699896
DOI: No ID Found -
Biomolecules Dec 2021Carvone is a monoterpene ketone contained in the essential oils of several aromatic and medicinal plants of the Lamiaceae and Asteraceae families. From aromatic plants,... (Review)
Review
Carvone is a monoterpene ketone contained in the essential oils of several aromatic and medicinal plants of the Lamiaceae and Asteraceae families. From aromatic plants, this monoterpene is secreted at different concentrations depending on the species, the parts used, and the extraction methods. Currently, pharmacological investigations showed that carvone exhibits multiple pharmacological properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, antineuraminidase, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. These studies were carried out in vitro and in vivo and involved a great deal of knowledge on the mechanisms of action. Indeed, the antimicrobial effects are related to the action of carvone on the cell membrane and to ultrastructural changes, while the anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer effects involve the action on cellular and molecular targets such as inducing of apoptosis, autophagy, and senescence. With its multiple mechanisms, carvone can be considered as natural compounds to develop therapeutic drugs. However, other investigations regarding its precise mechanisms of action as well as its acute and chronic toxicities are needed to validate its applications. Therefore, this review discusses the principal studies investigating the pharmacological properties of carvone, and the mechanism of action underlying some of these properties. Moreover, further investigations of major pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies were also suggested.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Antioxidants; Autophagy; Cell Membrane; Cell Survival; Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; Ethnopharmacology; Humans; Oils, Volatile; Plant Oils
PubMed: 34944447
DOI: 10.3390/biom11121803 -
Current Opinion in Biotechnology Dec 2009Syntrophy is an essential intermediary step in the anaerobic conversion of organic matter to methane where metabolically distinct microorganisms are tightly linked by... (Review)
Review
Syntrophy is an essential intermediary step in the anaerobic conversion of organic matter to methane where metabolically distinct microorganisms are tightly linked by the need to maintain the exchanged metabolites at very low concentrations. Anaerobic syntrophy is thermodynamically constrained, and is probably a prime reason why it is difficult to culture microbes as these approaches disrupt consortia. Reconstruction of artificial syntrophic consortia has allowed uncultured syntrophic metabolizers and methanogens to be optimally grown and studied biochemically. The pathways for syntrophic acetate, propionate and longer chain fatty acid metabolism are mostly understood, but key steps involved in benzoate breakdown and cyclohexane carboxylate formation are unclear. Syntrophic metabolism requires reverse electron transfer, close physical contact, and metabolic synchronization of the syntrophic partners. Genomic analyses reveal that multiple mechanisms exist for reverse electron transfer. Surprisingly, the flagellum functions were implicated in ensuring close physical proximity and synchronization of the syntrophic partners.
Topics: Animals; Biochemistry; Biotechnology; Carbon; Carboxylic Acids; Cyclohexanes; Flagella; Genome; Genomics; Geologic Sediments; Methane; Models, Biological; Models, Chemical; Symbiosis; Thermodynamics
PubMed: 19897353
DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2009.10.001 -
IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of... 1994
Review
Topics: Animals; Carcinogenicity Tests; Carcinogens; Cyclohexanes; Cyclohexenes; Humans; Vinyl Compounds
PubMed: 7869575
DOI: No ID Found -
British Medical Journal Aug 1971
Topics: Analgesics; Anesthesia; Cyclohexanes; Humans; Ketamine; Larynx
PubMed: 5566629
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.3.5771.432-a -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2022Carvone is a monoterpene compound that has been widely used as a pesticide for more than 10 years. However, little is known regarding the fate of carvone, or its...
Carvone is a monoterpene compound that has been widely used as a pesticide for more than 10 years. However, little is known regarding the fate of carvone, or its degradation products, in the environment. We used GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) to study the fate of carvone and its degradation and photolysis products under different soil and light conditions. We identified and quantified three degradation products of carvone in soil and water samples: dihydrocarvone, dihydrocarveol, and carvone camphor. In soil, dihydrocarveol was produced at very low levels (≤0.067 mg/kg), while dihydrocarvone was produced at much higher levels (≤2.07 mg/kg). In water exposed to differing light conditions, carvone was degraded to carvone camphor. The photolysis rate of carvone camphor under a mercury lamp was faster, but its persistence was lower than under a xenon lamp. The results of this study provide fundamental data to better understand the fate and degradation of carvone and its metabolites in the environment.
Topics: Camphor; Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; Photolysis; Soil; Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 35458614
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082415 -
American Family Physician Jun 2015
Topics: Animals; Bites and Stings; Culicidae; Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; Cymbopogon; DEET; Humans; Insect Repellents; Menthol; Piperidines; Propionates; Ticks
PubMed: 26034848
DOI: No ID Found -
Nature Communications Jan 2024Tetrodotoxin and congeners are specific voltage-gated sodium channel blockers that exhibit remarkable anesthetic and analgesic effects. Here, we present a scalable...
Tetrodotoxin and congeners are specific voltage-gated sodium channel blockers that exhibit remarkable anesthetic and analgesic effects. Here, we present a scalable asymmetric syntheses of Tetrodotoxin and 9-epiTetrodotoxin from the abundant chemical feedstock furfuryl alcohol. The optically pure cyclohexane skeleton is assembled via a stereoselective Diels-Alder reaction. The dense heteroatom substituents are established sequentially by a series of functional group interconversions on highly oxygenated cyclohexane frameworks, including a chemoselective cyclic anhydride opening, and a decarboxylative hydroxylation. An innovative SmI-mediated concurrent fragmentation, an oxo-bridge ring opening and ester reduction followed by an Upjohn dihydroxylation deliver the highly oxidized skeleton. Ruthenium-catalyzed oxidative alkyne cleavage and formation of the hemiaminal and orthoester under acidic conditions enable the rapid assembly of Tetrodotoxin, anhydro-Tetrodotoxin, 9-epiTetrodotoxin, and 9-epi lactone-Tetrodotoxin.
Topics: Tetrodotoxin; Hydroxylation; Oxidative Stress; Cyclohexanes; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 38263179
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45037-0 -
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics :... Mar 2017To stabilize foams, droplets and films at liquid interfaces a range of protein biosurfactants have evolved in nature. Compared to synthetic surfactants, these combine...
To stabilize foams, droplets and films at liquid interfaces a range of protein biosurfactants have evolved in nature. Compared to synthetic surfactants, these combine surface activity with biocompatibility and low solution aggregation. One recently studied example is Rsn-2, a component of the foam nest of the frog Engystomops pustulosus, which has been predicted to undergo a clamshell-like opening transition at the air-water interface. Using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and surface tension measurements we study the adsorption of Rsn-2 onto air-water and cyclohexane-water interfaces. The protein adsorbs readily at both interfaces, with adsorption mediated by the hydrophobic N-terminus. At the cyclohexane-water interface the clamshell opens, due to the favourable interaction between hydrophobic residues and cyclohexane molecules and the penetration of cyclohexane molecules into the protein core. Simulations of deletion mutants showed that removal of the N-terminus inhibits interfacial adsorption, which is consistent with the surface tension measurements. Deletion of the hydrophilic C-terminus also affects adsorption, suggesting that this plays a role in orienting the protein at the interface. The characterisation of the interfacial behaviour gives insight into the factors that control the interfacial adsorption of proteins, which may inform new applications of this and similar proteins in areas including drug delivery and food technology and may also be used in the design of synthetic molecules showing similar changes in conformation at interfaces.
Topics: Adsorption; Air; Amphibian Proteins; Cyclohexanes; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Surface Properties; Water
PubMed: 28289744
DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07261e