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Cancer Cytopathology May 2015
Review
Topics: Biopsy, Needle; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Congresses as Topic; Cytodiagnosis; Early Detection of Cancer; Evidence-Based Medicine; Female; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Maryland; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Staging; Papanicolaou Test; Papillomavirus Infections; Sensitivity and Specificity; Terminology as Topic; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Vaginal Smears
PubMed: 25931431
DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21521 -
Acta Cytologica 2020The evaluation of lymph nodes (LN) by fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is routinely used in many institutions but it is not uniformly accepted mainly because of...
BACKGROUND
The evaluation of lymph nodes (LN) by fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is routinely used in many institutions but it is not uniformly accepted mainly because of the lack of guidelines and a cytopathological diagnostic classification. A committee of cytopathologists has developed a system of performance, classification, and reporting for LN-FNAC.
METHODS
The committee members prepared a document that has circulated among them five times; the final text has been approved by all the participants. It is based on a review of the international literature and on the expertise of the members. The system integrates clinical and imaging data with cytopathological features and ancillary techniques. The project has received the endorsement and patronage of the International Academy of Cytology and the European Federation of the Cytology Societies.
RESULTS
Clinical, imaging, and serological data of lymphadenopathies, indications for LN-FNAC, technical procedures, and ancillary techniques are evaluated with specific recommendations. The reporting system includes two diagnostic levels. The first should provide basic diagnostic information and includes five categories: inadequate/insufficient, benign, atypical lymphoid cells of undetermined/uncertain significance, suspicious, and malignant. For each category, specific recommendations are provided. The second diagnostic level, when achievable, should produce the identification of specific benign or malignant entities and additional information by utilizing ancillary testing.
CONCLUSION
The authors believe that the introduction of this system for performing and reporting LN-FNAC may improve the quality of the procedure, the report, and the communication between cytopathologists and the clinicians. This system may lead to a greater acceptance and utilization of LN-FNAC and to a better interdisciplinary understanding of the results of this procedure.
Topics: Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Cytodiagnosis; Humans; Lymph Nodes
PubMed: 32454496
DOI: 10.1159/000506497 -
Cancer Cytopathology Oct 2011The process of cytologic-histologic correlation is highly valuable to the fields of both cytopathology and surgical pathology, because correlation provides a wealth of... (Review)
Review
The process of cytologic-histologic correlation is highly valuable to the fields of both cytopathology and surgical pathology, because correlation provides a wealth of data that may be used to improve diagnostic testing and screening processes. In this study, overall improvement appeared to be driven largely by improvement in preanalytic Papanicolaou (Pap) test sampling, because longer institutional participation also was associated with improved sampling sensitivity. The authors hypothesized that Pap test sampling may have improved secondary to the introduction of liquid-based technology, which was implemented in many laboratories during the study time frame. Through the performance of continuous data tracking and retrospective root cause analysis to identify factors that may have influenced any observed changes in performance indicators, institutions may learn which initiatives are successful or unsuccessful. The future of correlation lies in the standardization of methods, the development of more formal and rigorous root cause analysis processes to determine system components underlying correlation discrepancies, and the active use of correlation data to redesign testing and screening processes for quality and patient safety improvement.
Topics: Cervix Uteri; Cytodiagnosis; Female; Humans; Papanicolaou Test; Root Cause Analysis; Sensitivity and Specificity; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Vaginal Smears
PubMed: 21732549
DOI: 10.1002/cncy.20165 -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Jan 2016
Topics: Cytodiagnosis; Diagnostic Errors; Humans; Pathology, Surgical
PubMed: 26717052
DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2015-0293-LE -
Cancer Cytopathology Jun 2017
Topics: Cytodiagnosis; Humans; Pathology
PubMed: 28609005
DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21825 -
Pathobiology : Journal of... 2022Fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs) of the breast are minimally invasive procedures enabling the diagnosis of suspicious breast lesions. Unfortunately, they are... (Review)
Review
Fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs) of the breast are minimally invasive procedures enabling the diagnosis of suspicious breast lesions. Unfortunately, they are often perceived as inferior to core-needle biopsies, namely because they are supposedly unable to differentiate between high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma or provide material for ancillary testing. Several studies have shown, however, that FNAB samples, when handled properly, are indeed capable of providing sufficient and adequate material for ancillary testing, namely immunocytochemistry (ICC). We reviewed the published literature regarding the use of ICC for both diagnostic and theranostic uses in the different types of cytological samples obtained from FNABs of the breast, including smears, liquid-based cytology samples, and cellblocks. We found that p63 and 34βE12 show promise in aiding in the differential diagnosis between in situ and invasive lesions and that most other diagnostic markers may be used as in tissue. Regarding theranostic ICC markers, results vary between publications, but with care, these can successfully be performed in cytological samples. Air-dried smears should be avoided, and cellblocks are overall more versatile than cytology slides, enabling the evaluation of not only hormonal receptors and HER2 by ICC, but also of Ki-67. Particular attention should be paid to fixation and antigen retrieval procedures in all cases. We recommend that laboratories without experience perform short validation runs before adopting these techniques into clinical practice.
Topics: Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Breast; Breast Neoplasms; Cytodiagnosis; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Ki-67 Antigen
PubMed: 35367980
DOI: 10.1159/000522542 -
Acta Cytologica 2020
Topics: Cytodiagnosis; Humans; Pathology, Clinical; Pathology, Molecular
PubMed: 31499498
DOI: 10.1159/000502373 -
Cancer Cytopathology Apr 2019The Paris System for Urine Cytopathology (the Paris System) has succeeded in making the analysis of liquid-based urine preparations more reproducible. Any algorithm...
BACKGROUND
The Paris System for Urine Cytopathology (the Paris System) has succeeded in making the analysis of liquid-based urine preparations more reproducible. Any algorithm seeking to automate this system must accurately estimate the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic (N:C) ratio and produce a qualitative "atypia score." The authors propose a hybrid deep-learning and morphometric model that reliably automates the Paris System.
METHODS
Whole-slide images (WSI) of liquid-based urine cytology specimens were extracted from 51 negative, 60 atypical, 52 suspicious, and 54 positive cases. Morphometric algorithms were applied to decompose images to their component parts; and statistics, including the NC ratio, were tabulated using segmentation algorithms to create organized data structures, dubbed rich information matrices (RIMs). These RIM objects were enhanced using deep-learning algorithms to include qualitative measures. The augmented RIM objects were then used to reconstruct WSIs with filtering criteria and to generate pancellular statistical information.
RESULTS
The described system was used to calculate the N:C ratio for all cells, generate object classifications (atypical urothelial cell, squamous cell, crystal, etc), filter the original WSI to remove unwanted objects, rearrange the WSI to an efficient, condensed-grid format, and generate pancellular statistics containing quantitative/qualitative data for every cell in a WSI. In addition to developing novel techniques for managing WSIs, a system capable of automatically tabulating the Paris System criteria also was generated.
CONCLUSIONS
A hybrid deep-learning and morphometric algorithm was developed for the analysis of urine cytology specimens that could reliably automate the Paris System and provide many avenues for increasing the efficiency of digital screening for urine WSIs and other cytology preparations.
Topics: Algorithms; Cytodiagnosis; Humans; Neoplasms; Research Personnel; Urinalysis
PubMed: 30951265
DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22116 -
Cancer Cytopathology Oct 2017
Topics: Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Biopsy, Large-Core Needle; Breast Neoplasms; Humans
PubMed: 28837269
DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21908 -
Cancer Cytopathology Jun 2021Ocular cytology specimens are small, with limited options for a repeat biopsy. Appropriate handling of these specimens and triaging for ancillary testing can be taxing.... (Review)
Review
Ocular cytology specimens are small, with limited options for a repeat biopsy. Appropriate handling of these specimens and triaging for ancillary testing can be taxing. In this article, the author reviews a selection of potentially challenging diagnoses and current common practices and methods used in diagnosing ocular diseases by cytology. The majority of cytology specimens submitted for evaluation of ocular diseases can be divided into 3 major categories: surface epithelial corneal and conjunctival cytology samples, intraocular fluids from the anterior (aqueous fluid) or posterior (vitreous fluid) chambers of the eye, and intraocular fine-needle aspiration specimens. The clinical findings, testing, and cytologic features of ocular surface epithelial infections, inflammations and neoplasia are discussed; and challenges in processing and diagnosing intraocular infections, chronic uveitis, and vitreoretinal lymphoma are reviewed. Novel molecular testing in the cytologic diagnosis and classification of uveal melanoma also is explored. Cytology evaluation of corneal epithelial and stromal cells, anterior chamber and vitreous samples, and fine-needle aspiration biopsies can provide detailed diagnostic findings to aid in the treatment and follow-up of patients with ocular diseases.
Topics: Animals; Cytodiagnosis; Cytological Techniques; Eye Diseases; Humans
PubMed: 33136340
DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22384