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Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology Jul 2022Cytokinesis is a mechanism that separates dividing cells via constriction of a supramolecular structure, the contractile ring. In animal cells, three modes of... (Review)
Review
Cytokinesis is a mechanism that separates dividing cells via constriction of a supramolecular structure, the contractile ring. In animal cells, three modes of symmetry-breaking of cytokinesis result in unilateral cytokinesis, asymmetric cell division, and oriented cell division. Each mode of cytokinesis plays a significant role in tissue patterning and morphogenesis by the mechanisms that control the orientation and position of the contractile ring relative to the body axis. Despite its significance, the mechanisms involved in the symmetry-breaking of cytokinesis remain unclear in many cell types. Classical embryologists have identified that the geometric relationship between the mitotic spindle and cell cortex induces cytokinesis asymmetry; however, emerging evidence suggests that a concerted flow of compressional cell-cortex materials (cortical flow) is a spindle-independent driving force in spatial cytokinesis control. This review provides an overview of both classical and emerging mechanisms of cytokinesis asymmetry and their roles in animal development.
Topics: Actin Cytoskeleton; Animals; Cell Division; Cytokinesis; Spindle Apparatus
PubMed: 34955355
DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.12.008 -
Cells Dec 2022The plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells is composed of a large number of lipid species that are laterally segregated into functional domains as well as asymmetrically... (Review)
Review
The plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells is composed of a large number of lipid species that are laterally segregated into functional domains as well as asymmetrically distributed between the outer and inner leaflets. Additionally, the spatial distribution and organization of these lipids dramatically change in response to various cellular states, such as cell division, differentiation, and apoptosis. Division of one cell into two daughter cells is one of the most fundamental requirements for the sustenance of growth in all living organisms. The successful completion of cytokinesis, the final stage of cell division, is critically dependent on the spatial distribution and organization of specific lipids. In this review, we discuss the properties of various lipid species associated with cytokinesis and the mechanisms involved in their polarization, including forward trafficking, endocytic recycling, local synthesis, and cortical flow models. The differences in lipid species requirements and distribution in mitotic vs. male meiotic cells will be discussed. We will concentrate on sphingolipids and phosphatidylinositols because their transbilayer organization and movement may be linked via the cytoskeleton and thus critically regulate various steps of cytokinesis.
Topics: Male; Humans; Cytokinesis; Cell Division; Cell Membrane; Biological Transport; Phosphatidylinositols
PubMed: 36552741
DOI: 10.3390/cells11243977 -
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in... Oct 2017SUMMARYCell division-cytokinesis-involves large-scale rearrangements of the entire cell. Primarily driven by cytoskeletal proteins, cytokinesis also depends on... (Review)
Review
SUMMARYCell division-cytokinesis-involves large-scale rearrangements of the entire cell. Primarily driven by cytoskeletal proteins, cytokinesis also depends on topological rearrangements of the plasma membrane, which are coordinated with nuclear division in both space and time. Despite the fundamental nature of the process, different types of eukaryotic cells show variations in both the structural mechanisms of cytokinesis and the regulatory controls. In animal cells and fungi, a contractile actomyosin-based structure plays a central, albeit flexible, role. Here, the underlying molecular mechanisms are summarized and integrated and common themes are highlighted.
Topics: Animals; Cytokinesis; Fungi
PubMed: 28007751
DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022343 -
Developmental Cell Oct 2023Long ignored as a vestigial remnant of cytokinesis, the mammalian midbody (MB) is released post-abscission inside large extracellular vesicles called MB remnants (MBRs)....
Long ignored as a vestigial remnant of cytokinesis, the mammalian midbody (MB) is released post-abscission inside large extracellular vesicles called MB remnants (MBRs). Recent evidence suggests that MBRs can modulate cell proliferation and cell fate decisions. Here, we demonstrate that the MB matrix is the site of ribonucleoprotein assembly and is enriched in mRNAs that encode proteins involved in cell fate, oncogenesis, and pluripotency, which we are calling the MB granule. Both MBs and post-abscission MBRs are sites of spatiotemporally regulated translation, which is initiated when nascent daughter cells re-enter G1 and continues after extracellular release. MKLP1 and ARC are necessary for the localization and translation of RNA in the MB dark zone, whereas ESCRT-III is necessary to maintain translation levels in the MB. Our work reveals a unique translation event that occurs during abscission and within a large extracellular vesicle.
Topics: Animals; Humans; RNA; Cytokinesis; Cell Differentiation; HeLa Cells; Mammals
PubMed: 37552987
DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.07.009 -
FEBS Letters Jun 2010Cytokinesis is the final stage of cell division during which the two daughter cells separate completely. Although less well understood than some of the earlier phases of... (Review)
Review
Cytokinesis is the final stage of cell division during which the two daughter cells separate completely. Although less well understood than some of the earlier phases of the cell cycle, recent discoveries have shed light on the mechanisms that orchestrate this process, including cleavage furrow formation, midbody maturation and abscission. One of the reasons why research on cytokinesis has been attracting increasing attention is the concept that failure of this process in mammals is associated with carcinogenesis. In this minireview, we will discuss the possible links between cytokinesis and cancer, and highlight key mechanisms that connect these processes.
Topics: Animals; Cell Cycle; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cytokinesis; Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport; Female; Humans; Male; Microtubule-Associated Proteins; Mitosis; Models, Biological; Neoplasms; Polyploidy; Protein Kinases
PubMed: 20371245
DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.03.044 -
Current Biology : CB May 2023Sala and Oakes introduce LIM domain proteins and discuss their roles in transcription, cytokinesis, adhesion, motility and mechanosignaling.
Sala and Oakes introduce LIM domain proteins and discuss their roles in transcription, cytokinesis, adhesion, motility and mechanosignaling.
Topics: LIM Domain Proteins; Cytokinesis
PubMed: 37160086
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.03.030 -
Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) Mar 2006Animal and plant cytokineses appear morphologically distinct. Recent studies, however, have revealed that these cellular processes have many things in common, including... (Review)
Review
Animal and plant cytokineses appear morphologically distinct. Recent studies, however, have revealed that these cellular processes have many things in common, including the requirement of co-ordinated membrane trafficking and cytoskeletal dynamics. At the intersection of these two processes are the members of the dynamin family of ubiquitous eukaryotic GTPases. In this review, we highlight the conserved contribution of classical dynamin and dynamin-related proteins during cytokinesis in both animal and plant systems.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Cell Division; Cell Membrane; Cytokinesis; Dynamins; Endocytosis; Models, Biological; Plant Proteins; Plants; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Protein Transport
PubMed: 16497219
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2006.00385.x -
Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Dec 2018Cytokinesis and single-cell wound repair both involve contractile assemblies of filamentous actin (F-actin) and myosin II organized into characteristic ring-like arrays.... (Review)
Review
Cytokinesis and single-cell wound repair both involve contractile assemblies of filamentous actin (F-actin) and myosin II organized into characteristic ring-like arrays. The assembly of these actomyosin contractile rings (CRs) is specified spatially and temporally by small Rho GTPases, which trigger local actin polymerization and myosin II contractility via a variety of downstream effectors. We now have a much clearer view of the Rho GTPase signaling cascade that leads to the formation of CRs, but some factors involved in CR positioning, assembly, and function remain poorly understood. Recent studies show that this regulation is multifactorial and goes beyond the long-established Ca -dependent processes. There is substantial evidence that the Ca -independent changes in cell shape, tension, and plasma membrane composition that characterize cytokinesis and single-cell wound repair also regulate CR formation. Elucidating the regulation and mechanistic properties of CRs is important to our understanding of basic cell biology and holds potential for therapeutic applications in human disease. In this review, we present a primer on the factors influencing and regulating CR positioning, assembly, and contraction as they occur in a variety of cytokinetic and single-cell wound repair models. Anat Rec, 301:2051-2066, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topics: Actin Cytoskeleton; Actomyosin; Animals; Cell Membrane; Contractile Proteins; Cytokinesis; Humans; Tissue Scaffolds; Wound Healing
PubMed: 30312008
DOI: 10.1002/ar.23962 -
Nature Communications Mar 2023Dysfunction of cell cycle control and defects of primary ciliogenesis are two features of many cancers. Whether these events are interconnected and the driving mechanism...
Dysfunction of cell cycle control and defects of primary ciliogenesis are two features of many cancers. Whether these events are interconnected and the driving mechanism coordinating them remains elusive. Here, we identify an actin filament branching surveillance system that alerts cells of actin branching insufficiency and regulates cell cycle progression, cytokinesis and primary ciliogenesis. We find that Oral-Facial-Digital syndrome 1 functions as a class II Nucleation promoting factor to promote Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin branching. Perturbation of actin branching promotes OFD1 degradation and inactivation via liquid-to-gel transition. Elimination of OFD1 or disruption of OFD1-Arp2/3 interaction drives proliferating, non-transformed cells into quiescence with ciliogenesis by an RB-dependent mechanism, while it leads oncogene-transformed/cancer cells to incomplete cytokinesis and irreversible mitotic catastrophe via actomyosin ring malformation. Inhibition of OFD1 leads to suppression of multiple cancer cell growth in mouse xenograft models. Thus, targeting OFD1-mediated actin filament branching surveillance system provides a direction for cancer therapy.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Humans; Cytokinesis; Actins; Actomyosin; Actin Cytoskeleton; Actin-Related Protein 2-3 Complex
PubMed: 36973243
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37340-z -
Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology Jun 2017Cytokinesis is essential for the survival of all organisms. It requires concerted functions of cell signaling, force production, exocytosis, and extracellular matrix... (Review)
Review
Cytokinesis is essential for the survival of all organisms. It requires concerted functions of cell signaling, force production, exocytosis, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Due to the conservation in core components and mechanisms between fungal and animal cells, the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has served as an attractive model for studying this fundamental process. In this review, we discuss the mechanics and regulation of distinct events of cytokinesis in budding yeast, including the assembly, constriction, and disassembly of the actomyosin ring, septum formation, abscission, and their spatiotemporal coordination. We also highlight the key concepts and questions that are common to animal and fungal cytokinesis.
Topics: Animals; Cytokinesis; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomycetales
PubMed: 28034796
DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.12.010