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PloS One 2023Fruits play a crucial role in seed dispersal. They open along dehiscence zones. Fruit dehiscence zone formation has been intensively studied in Arabidopsis thaliana....
Fruits play a crucial role in seed dispersal. They open along dehiscence zones. Fruit dehiscence zone formation has been intensively studied in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, little is known about the mechanisms and genes involved in the formation of fruit dehiscence zones in species outside the Brassicaceae. The dehiscence zone of A. thaliana contains a lignified layer, while dehiscence zone tissues of the emerging orchid model Erycina pusilla include a lipid layer. Here we present an analysis of evolution and development of fruit dehiscence zones in orchids. We performed ancestral state reconstructions across the five orchid subfamilies to study the evolution of selected fruit traits and explored dehiscence zone developmental genes using RNA-seq and qPCR. We found that erect dehiscent fruits with non-lignified dehiscence zones and a short ripening period are ancestral characters in orchids. Lignified dehiscence zones in orchid fruits evolved multiple times from non-lignified zones. Furthermore, we carried out gene expression analysis of tissues from different developmental stages of E. pusilla fruits. We found that fruit dehiscence genes from the MADS-box gene family and other important regulators in E. pusilla differed in their expression pattern from their homologs in A. thaliana. This suggests that the current A. thaliana fruit dehiscence model requires adjustment for orchids. Additionally, we discovered that homologs of A. thaliana genes involved in the development of carpel, gynoecium and ovules, and genes involved in lipid biosynthesis were expressed in the fruit valves of E. pusilla, implying that these genes may play a novel role in formation of dehiscence zone tissues in orchids. Future functional analysis of developmental regulators, lipid identification and quantification can shed more light on lipid-layer based dehiscence of orchid fruits.
Topics: Arabidopsis; Fruit; Brassicaceae; Gene Expression Profiling; Lipids; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
PubMed: 37815982
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286846 -
Clinical Oral Investigations May 2022The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of alveolar bone dehiscence and fenestration of Class I individuals with normality patterns in the anterior...
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of alveolar bone dehiscence and fenestration of Class I individuals with normality patterns in the anterior region using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 4715 retrospective cases from January 2018 to December 2020 in the Orthodontic Department of xxx Hospital were screened. Sixty-one cases were Class I individuals with normality patterns in the anterior region. Their incidence of dehiscence and fenestration in the anterior teeth region was studied and statistically analyzed.
RESULTS
Dehiscence was found in 27.46% of the evaluated anterior teeth and fenestration was found in 26.91% of anterior teeth. Severe dehiscences and fenestrations mainly occurred in mandibular canines and maxillary canines, respectively. Alveolar bone defects were present in 100% of patients, while one patient had alveolar bone defects in 91.67% of the anterior teeth.
CONCLUSIONS
Dehiscence was found in 27.46% of the anterior teeth of Class I individuals with normality patterns, while fenestration was found in 26.91% of them. Alveolar bone defects were present in 100% of patients.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Alveolar bone dehiscence and fenestration were normal and common in our sample, indicating that they are more likely to be physiological rather than pathological defects. Orthodontists should be aware of the presence and severity of these defects before treatment in order to avoid both possible complications and overtreatment.
Topics: Alveolar Process; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Cuspid; Humans; Maxilla; Retrospective Studies; Spiral Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
PubMed: 35254527
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04384-2 -
Clinical Practice and Cases in... Aug 2022A 31-year-old female presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain and a 15-centimeter bloody vaginal protrusion, which resulted during an attempted bowel...
CASE PRESENTATION
A 31-year-old female presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain and a 15-centimeter bloody vaginal protrusion, which resulted during an attempted bowel movement. Reduction of the mass was unsuccessful, and the patient was taken to the operating room for examination.
DISCUSSION
In patients with a history of vaginal hysterectomy, the vaginal cuff can dehisce and abdominal contents may protrude through the vaginal canal. In this case presentation, the vaginal mass was found to be omental tissue, which could be mistaken for a prolapse of vaginal mucosa. Therefore, a proper pelvic exam is imperative, as prolapse through a cuff dehiscence can lead to severe complications.
PubMed: 36049188
DOI: 10.5811/cpcem.2022.2.56353 -
Otology & Neurotology : Official... Feb 2019To identify predictors of near dehiscence (ND) or thin rather than dehiscent bone overlying the superior semicircular canal in patients with signs and symptoms...
OBJECTIVE
To identify predictors of near dehiscence (ND) or thin rather than dehiscent bone overlying the superior semicircular canal in patients with signs and symptoms suggestive of superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS), as well as postoperative outcomes.
STUDY DESIGN
Retrospective case-control study.
SETTING
Tertiary referral center.
PATIENTS
All 288 patients who underwent middle cranial fossa approach for repair of SCDS (1998-2018) were reviewed for cases of ND. Demographics, symptoms, and clinical signs including nystagmus, ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) amplitude, cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) thresholds, and low-frequency air-bone gap were compared before and after surgery.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Presence of preoperative ND and postoperative symptoms and physiologic measures.
RESULTS
Seventeen cases of ND (16 patients, 17 ears) and 34 cases (34 ears) of frank SCDS were identified. ND cases differed from frank dehiscence cases in that they were less likely to have nystagmus in response to ear canal pressure or loud sounds, OR = 0.05 (95% CI 0.01-0.25) and Valsalva, OR = 0.08 (0.01-0.67), smaller peak-to-peak oVEMP amplitudes, OR = 0.84 (0.75-0.95), and higher cVEMP thresholds, OR = 1.21 (1.07-1.37). Patients with ND had similar symptoms to those with frank SCDS before surgery, and after surgery had outcomes similar to patients with frank SCDS.
CONCLUSIONS
In patients with symptoms consistent with SCDS, predictors of ND include absence of nystagmus in response to pressure/loud sounds, greater cVEMP thresholds, and smaller oVEMP amplitudes. We propose ND is on a spectrum of dehiscence that partially accounts for the diversity of clinical presentations of patients with SCDS.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Labyrinth Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Nystagmus, Pathologic; Retrospective Studies; Semicircular Canals; Syndrome; Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials
PubMed: 30570606
DOI: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000002077 -
Annals of Medicine Dec 2021The main risk factor for uterine scar dehiscence is a previous caesarean section. Better characterisation of the ultrasonographic features of uterine scar dehiscence may...
BACKGROUND
The main risk factor for uterine scar dehiscence is a previous caesarean section. Better characterisation of the ultrasonographic features of uterine scar dehiscence may improve preoperative diagnostic accuracy in pregnant women with a caesarean scar. This study aimed to evaluate the ultrasonographic features of uterine scar dehiscence in pregnant women and maternal and neonatal outcomes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This was a retrospective review of the records of 23 women with a previous caesarean section found to have uterine scar dehiscence during surgery. The integrity and thickness of the lower uterine segment were recorded, ultrasonographic features were evaluated, and maternal and infant outcomes were analysed.
RESULTS
Of the 23 cases of uterine scar dehiscence, six were detected by preoperative ultrasonography, while 17 were missed. The ultrasonographic features of the 23 cases of uterine dehiscence included anechoic areas protruding through the caesarean section scar with an intact serosal layer (4/23), disappearance of the muscular layer (2/23), and a thinner lower uterine segment (17/23). There were no cases of maternal or neonatal mortality. One woman chose to undergo pregnancy termination.
CONCLUSION
Preoperative detection of uterine scar dehiscence in women with previous caesarean delivery helps prevent maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. However, the maximum benefit can only be obtained by scanning at appropriate intervals during pregnancy and accurate recognition of the ultrasonographic features of uterine scar dehiscence.KEY MESSAGESPreoperative detection of uterine scar dehiscence in women with previous caesarean delivery helps prevent maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.Scanning at appropriate intervals during pregnancy and accurate recognition of the ultrasonographic features of uterine scar dehiscence could be beneficial.Even when uterine dehiscence is detected by ultrasound during the second trimester, conservative management via strict observation alone is also feasible.
Topics: Adult; Cesarean Section; Cicatrix; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Pregnant Women; Premature Birth; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Surgical Wound Dehiscence; Ultrasonography; Uterine Rupture; Vaginal Birth after Cesarean
PubMed: 34309465
DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1959049 -
The Neuroradiology Journal Dec 2022Cartilage cap resurfacing is a method to seal a superior semicircular canal dehiscence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the detection of new bone formation...
PURPOSE
Cartilage cap resurfacing is a method to seal a superior semicircular canal dehiscence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the detection of new bone formation after surgical placement of a cartilage cap over a dehiscent semicircular canal.
METHODS
In this retrospective review, two neuroradiologists blinded to each other's interpretation reviewed the temporal bones of 20 patients, five of which had a pre-operative computed tomography (CT) exam which was interpreted as unilateral superior semicircular canal dehiscence and with new bone formation following repair on follow-up CT. There were also 15 control subjects. Each neuroradiologist was blinded to history, including post-operative changes, and asked to determine if there was a dehiscence or no dehiscence.
RESULTS
Out of the 15 controls, there was 100% inter-observer agreement. On the five post-operative patients, there was agreement in 4/5 that there was no dehiscence post-operatively and 1/5 agreement of dehiscence post-operatively, but ectopic bone adjacent to the dehiscence.
CONCLUSION
Our results indicate that new bone formation can be seen at the site of cartilage cap placement over the dehiscence and be interpreted as bony closure of the dehiscence.
Topics: Humans; Semicircular Canal Dehiscence; Osteogenesis; Semicircular Canals; Temporal Bone; Retrospective Studies; Cartilage
PubMed: 35506568
DOI: 10.1177/19714009221096820 -
PloS One 2013'Taishanzaoxia' fruit rapid softening and dehiscence during ripening stage and this process is very sensitive to endogenous ethylene. In this study, we cloned five...
'Taishanzaoxia' fruit rapid softening and dehiscence during ripening stage and this process is very sensitive to endogenous ethylene. In this study, we cloned five ethylene signal transcription factors (ZMdEIL1, ZMdEIL2, ZMdEIL3, ZMdERF1 and ZMdERF2) and one functional gene, ZMdPG1, encoding polygalacturonase that could loose the cell connection which associated with fruit firmness decrease and fruit dehiscence to illustrate the reasons for this specific fruit phenotypic and physiological changes. Expression analysis showed that ZMdERF1 and ZMdEIL2 transcription were more abundant in 'Taishanzaoxia' softening fruit and dehiscent fruit and their expression was inhibited by an ethylene inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene. Therefore, ZMdERF1 and ZMdEIL2 expression were responses to endogenous ethylene and associated with fruit softening and dehiscence. ZMdPG1 expression was induced when fruit softening and dehiscence but this induction can be blocked by 1-MCP, indicating that ZMdPG1 was essential for fruit softening and dehiscence and its expression was mediated by the endogenously occurred ethylene. ZMdPG1 overexpression in Arabidopsis led to silique early dehiscence while suppressing ZMdPG1 expression by antisense ZMdPG1 prevented silique naturally opening. The result also suggested that ZMdPG1 related with the connection between cells that contributed to fruit softening and dehiscence. ZMdERF1 was more closely related with ethylene signaling but it was not directly regulated the ZMdPG1, which might be regulated by the synergic pattern of ethylene transcription factors because of both the ZMdERF1 and ZMdERF2 could interact with ZMdEIL2.
Topics: Arabidopsis; Base Sequence; DNA, Plant; Ethylenes; Fruit; Genes, Plant; Malus; Molecular Sequence Data; Plant Proteins; Plants, Genetically Modified; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Transcription Factors; Transcriptome
PubMed: 23527016
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058745 -
Revista Do Colegio Brasileiro de... 2017The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of negative pressure therapy (NPT) in the treatment of complex wounds, with emphasis on its mechanisms of... (Review)
Review
The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of negative pressure therapy (NPT) in the treatment of complex wounds, with emphasis on its mechanisms of action and main therapeutic indications. We searched the Pubmed / Medline database for articles published from 1997 to 2016, and selected the most relevant ones. The mechanisms of action of NPT involveboth physical effects, such as increased perfusion, control of edema and exudate, reduction of wound dimensions and bacterial clearance, and biological ones, such as the stimulation of granulation tissue formation, microdeformations and reduction of Inflammatory response. The main indications of NPT are complex wounds, such as pressure ulcers, traumatic wounds, operative wound dehiscences, burns, necrotizing wounds, venous ulcers, diabetic wounds, skin grafts, open abdomen, prevention of complications in closed incisions and in the association with instillation of solutions in infected wounds.
Topics: Humans; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28489215
DOI: 10.1590/0100-69912017001001 -
Head & Face Medicine Sep 2022This study aimed to examine the relationship between the sphenoid sinus (SS) and surrounding vital structures such as the internal carotid artery (ICA) and optic nerve...
PURPOSE
This study aimed to examine the relationship between the sphenoid sinus (SS) and surrounding vital structures such as the internal carotid artery (ICA) and optic nerve canal (ONC) as well as the types of attachment of the sphenoidal septa onto these structures.
METHODS
In total, 230 computed tomography (CT) scans were reviewed to study the type of sphenoid sinus pneumatization (SSP), the protrusion and dehiscence of the ICA and ONC, the relationship between the sphenoidal septa and surrounding vital structures as well as pterygoid recess pneumatization (PRP).
RESULTS
The most common SSP was sellar type (58.7%). The rates of protrusion and dehiscence of the ICA were 26.3 and 0.4%, and for the ONC, they were 13 and 1.5%, respectively. The ICA and ONC were most protruded and dehiscent in more extensive SSP. In 21.6% of patients, the intersphenoidal septa (IS) were attached to the wall of the ICA and in 8.6% they were attached to the wall of the ONC. The attachment of IS to the ICA correlated statistically significantly (p < 0.0001) with protrusion of the ICA. Accessory septa were detected in 30.4% of cases with various sites of attachment.
CONCLUSION
To reduce the risk of injury and complications during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), surgeons should consider using CT to identify possible bulging and dehiscence of the ICA/ONC and their relationship to the extent of SSP and also to establish the presence of deviation of the sphenoid septum, and the presence of accessory septa.
Topics: Endoscopy; Humans; Optic Nerve; Sphenoid Bone; Sphenoid Sinus; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 36057720
DOI: 10.1186/s13005-022-00336-z -
Cureus Mar 2022Background No study has evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging in detecting bone defects in orthodontic patients with Class I...
The Diagnostic Accuracy of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Imaging in Detecting and Measuring Dehiscence and Fenestration in Patients With Class I Malocclusion: A Surgical-Exposure-Based Validation Study.
Background No study has evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging in detecting bone defects in orthodontic patients with Class I malocclusions. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of CBCT in detecting dehiscences and fenestrations before orthodontic treatment compared to the gold standard i.e., the actual clinical detection of bone defects on surgical exposure. Methods A validation study was undertaken at the Department of Orthodontics, University of Damascus between 29 August 2018 and 1 November 2020. The sample included 16 patients who had Class I malocclusion with moderate crowding on the lower anterior teeth. Results The proportion of dehiscence diagnosed on CBCT images was approximately two-and-a-half times greater than that found on direct examination i.e., 42.7% versus 17.7%, respectively. The proportion of fenestrations was almost three times greater when diagnosed on CBCT images compared to the gold standard i.e., 39.5% versus 13.5%, respectively. The sensitivity of CBCT imaging in detecting dehiscence and fenestration was 100%. The specificity of CBCT imaging ranged from 45.5% to 86.7% and from 50% to 86.7% for dehiscence and fenestration detection, respectively. Also, the diagnostic accuracy of CBCT imaging ranged from 44% to 87.5% and from 56% to 87.5% for dehiscence and fenestration detection, respectively. Conclusions The proportion of dehiscence diagnosed on CBCT images was approximately two-and-a-half times greater than that found on direct examination, and the proportion of fenestrations was almost three times greater when diagnosed on CBCT images compared to the gold standard. The CBCT overestimates the dimensions of the linear measurements compared to those measured by the gold standard.
PubMed: 35291727
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22789