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BMC Complementary and Alternative... Oct 2015Bael (Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr.) has been widely used in indigenous systems of Indian medicine to exploit its medicinal properties including astringent, antidiarrheal,...
BACKGROUND
Bael (Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr.) has been widely used in indigenous systems of Indian medicine to exploit its medicinal properties including astringent, antidiarrheal, antidysenteric, demulcent, antipyretic, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory and anti cancer activities. The present study aims to evaluate the antioxidative and antiulcer effect of methanolic extract of unripe fruit of Aegle marmelos (MEAM) against Helicobacter pylori-Lipopolysaccharide (HP-LPS) induced gastric ulcer in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.
METHODS
Dose and duration of HP-LPS and MEAM were fixed based on ulcer index of gastric tissue of experimental animals. Various gastric secretory parameters such as volume of gastric juice, free and total acidity, acid output, pepsin concentration were analyzed. The activities of enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione transferase), non-enzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione, vitamin C and vitamin E) and the levels of lipid peroxidation products were measured. Histological analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of Aegle marmelos on HP-LPS induced gastric ulcer.
RESULTS
Oral administration of HP-LPS (50 μg per animal) for four consecutive days resulted in induction of ulcer with the increase in gastric secretory parameters such as volume of gastric juice, free and total acidity, acid output, pepsin concentration. Oral administration of methanolic extract of Aegle marmelos fruit (MEAM) (25, 50, 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg) reduced the gastric ulcer by 2.8 %, 52.4 %, 73 %, 93 % and 93.98 %, respectively, compared to 89.2 % reduction by sucralfate (100 mg/kg). MEAM treatment significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the increase in gastric secretory parameters in ulcerated rats, and it also prevented the reduction of enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione transferase) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione, vitamin C and vitamin E) after HP-LPS induction. In addition, lipid peroxidation was inhibited by MEAM in HP-LPS induced rats. Results of histological analysis correlated well with biochemical parameters.
CONCLUSION
These observations explored the antioxidant properties of MEAM contributing to the gastroprotective effect in HP-LPS induced gastric ulcer model.
Topics: Aegle; Animals; Catalase; Glutathione; Glutathione Reductase; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Lipid Peroxidation; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Oxidative Stress; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stomach Ulcer; Superoxide Dismutase
PubMed: 26482072
DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0915-x -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2021Zinc compounds have a number of beneficial properties for the skin, including antimicrobial, sebostatic and demulcent activities. The aim of the study was to develop new...
Zinc compounds have a number of beneficial properties for the skin, including antimicrobial, sebostatic and demulcent activities. The aim of the study was to develop new anti-acne preparations containing zinc-amino acid complexes as active ingredients. Firstly, the cytotoxicity of the zinc complexes was evaluated against human skin fibroblasts (1BR.3.N cell line) and human epidermal keratinocyte cell lines, and their antimicrobial activity was determined against . Then, zinc complexes of glycine and histidine were selected to create original gel formulations. The stability (by measuring pH, density and viscosity), microbiological purity (referring to PN-EN ISO standards) and efficacy of the preservative system (according to Ph. Eur. 10 methodology) for the preparations were evaluated. Skin tolerance was determined in a group of 25 healthy volunteers by the patch test. The preparations containing zinc(II) complexes with glycine and histidine as active substances can be topically used in the treatment of acne skin due to their high antibacterial activity against and low cytotoxicity for the skin cells. Dermatological recipes have been appropriately composed; no irritation or allergy was observed, and the preparations showed high microbiological purity and physicochemical stability.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cell Line; Glycine; Histidine; Humans; Keratinocytes; Propionibacteriaceae; Skin; Skin Cream; Zinc; Zinc Compounds
PubMed: 33561977
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041641 -
Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) 2021Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial ocular condition characterized by a loss of homeostasis of the tear film resulting in ocular symptoms of discomfort,... (Review)
Review
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial ocular condition characterized by a loss of homeostasis of the tear film resulting in ocular symptoms of discomfort, irritation, and visual disturbance, all of which significantly impact the patients' social and occupational quality of life. While management of DED depends on the severity of symptoms and signs, use of artificial tear products (ATPs) that replace or supplement the deficient natural tear film is the mainstay treatment option. In this review, we present a decade of evidence on Systane Ultra (polyethylene glycol [PEG]/propylene glycol [PG] with hydroxypropyl guar [HP guar]) in effectively managing DED. The active demulcents in Systane Ultra-PEG, PG, along with HP guar gelling technology-provide optimal ocular surface protection and lubrication to heal damaged areas of the cornea caused by DED and, therefore, are recommended for patients with both aqueous and/or mucin layer deficiencies. Over the years, several clinical studies have shown that PEG/PG with HP guar provides long-lasting relief from dry eye and has often been chosen as a standard or comparator against other ATPs. Here, we describe the salient features of PEG/PG with HP guar-its constituents and their mechanisms of action. Furthermore, we summarize results from a systematic literature search that identified 23 relevant publications further emphasizing on the effectiveness and safety of PEG/PG with HP guar in alleviating the signs and symptoms of DED.
PubMed: 34135570
DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S294427 -
Clinical & Experimental Optometry Nov 2021Hydroxypropyl-guar (HPG) is a thickening agent first added to lubricating eye drops in 2003. This agent, which enhances viscosity, has been used in the SYSTANE® family... (Review)
Review
Hydroxypropyl-guar (HPG) is a thickening agent first added to lubricating eye drops in 2003. This agent, which enhances viscosity, has been used in the SYSTANE® family of lubricant eye drops (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX, USA). HPG forms a partially linked gel with borate to prolong the retention of demulcents, such as polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol, on the eye. This helps to protect the ocular surface, thereby reducing the symptoms of dry eye disease (DED). The definition of DED has evolved with advances in research, leading to changes in HPG-containing eye care solutions. This article reviews current knowledge on the use of HPG-containing lubricating eye drops in the management of DED.
Topics: Cyamopsis; Dry Eye Syndromes; Humans; Lubricant Eye Drops; Ophthalmic Solutions; Propylene Glycol; Tears
PubMed: 34137675
DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2021.1925208 -
Ancient Science of Life Jul 2002Sida acuta Burm.f. (Fam. Malvaceae) is used in Siddha system of medicine and in folk medical practice in Tamil Nadu under the names Arivalmooku pachilai or vattatiruppi....
Sida acuta Burm.f. (Fam. Malvaceae) is used in Siddha system of medicine and in folk medical practice in Tamil Nadu under the names Arivalmooku pachilai or vattatiruppi. The leaves of this plant are used for their diuretic, demulcent, anthelmintic and wound healing properties. The present paper discusses the anatomy of petiole leaf and stem, microscopic constants, physico-chemical standards and fluorescence analysis of the drug.
PubMed: 22557077
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Mar 2021Dry eye disease is a common ocular condition affecting millions of people worldwide. Artificial tears are the first line therapy for the management of dry eye disease....
Dry eye disease is a common ocular condition affecting millions of people worldwide. Artificial tears are the first line therapy for the management of dry eye disease. Artificial tear formulations contain a variety of active ingredients, biologically active excipients, and preservatives. Many of these formulations are also available as preservative-free. This study was conducted to inspect artificial tear formulations currently marketed in the United States for their active ingredients, biologically relevant excipients, and preservatives. The marketed artificial tears were examined at various US retail pharmacy chains and using the manufacturers' website to compile information about active ingredients, inactive ingredients, and preservatives. The currently marketed artificial tears can be grouped into four categories based on their active ingredients. The artificial tears also contain biologically active chemicals listed as inactive ingredients, which have osmoprotectant, humectant, and tear film lipid layer or mucous layer mimicking properties. Most artificial tears contain vanishing type preservatives such as purite or sodium perborate and safer quaternary compound polyquaternium-1. The majority of these artificial tear formulations are also available as preservative-free single dose unit. The study provides a formulary of artificial tears based on active ingredients, biologically active excipients, and the preservative-free option. The formulary should assist healthcare providers in making a stepwise and rational selection of appropriate artificial tears for patients suffering from dry eye disease.
PubMed: 33800965
DOI: 10.3390/jcm10061289 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2017(Linn.) is a medicinal plant from China and Korea that has been traditionally used to control inflammation, to stop bedwetting and as a mouthwash in cases of bleeding...
(Linn.) is a medicinal plant from China and Korea that has been traditionally used to control inflammation, to stop bedwetting and as a mouthwash in cases of bleeding gums. Its flowers are employed medicinally for their emollient, demulcent and diuretic properties, which make them useful in chest complaints. Furthermore, a flower extract decoction is used to improve blood circulation, for the treatment of constipation, dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhages, etc. However, the possible mechanisms of the immune-stimulatory effect remains to be elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the role of flower (ARF) extracts in the immune-stimulatory effect of macrophages and the underlying mechanisms of action. ARF water extract (ARFW) could dose-dependently increase NO production and cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α). We also found that ARFW significantly increased the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins in RAW264.7 cells. Consistent with these results, MAPK protein (JNK, ERK, p38) expression levels were induced after treatment with ARFW. Additionally, ARFW showed a marked increase in the phosphorylation level of IκBα and subsequent IκBα degradation allowing NF-κB nuclear translocation. These results suggest that the immune-stimulatory effect of flower extracts is mediated through the translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit into the nucleus from the cytoplasm and subsequent activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) and other mediators (iNOS and COX-2), which occurs mainly through MAPK signalling pathway. Thus, we suggest that ARFW could be considered as a potential therapeutic agent useful in the development of immune-stimulatory compounds.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Althaea; Animals; Cell Survival; Cyclooxygenase 2; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Flowers; Lipopolysaccharides; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Mice; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Plant Extracts; RAW 264.7 Cells
PubMed: 28441343
DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050679 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Dec 2023To determine the efficacy of flurbiprofen 8.75 mg lozenges for patients with laboratory-confirmed streptococcal pharyngitis both before and concomitant with antibiotics. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVES
To determine the efficacy of flurbiprofen 8.75 mg lozenges for patients with laboratory-confirmed streptococcal pharyngitis both before and concomitant with antibiotics.
METHODS
This post hoc analysis comprised adult participants from 2 earlier randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies evaluating the analgesic efficacy of flurbiprofen 8.75 mg lozenges in acute pharyngitis. Throat swabs were obtained to diagnose streptococcal infection. Prior to and 2 hours after each dose of study medication (flurbiprofen or placebo lozenges), patients rated 3 symptoms of acute pharyngitis (sore throat pain, difficulty swallowing, and swollen throat) using visual analogue scales. Appropriate antibiotic treatment was initiated when culture results were reported. Mean changes in each pharyngeal symptom were compared over the immediate 24 hours before and during the initial 24 hours of antibiotic treatment.
RESULTS
Twenty-four patients provided both preantibiotic and concomitant antibiotic efficacy outcomes. Relief of throat pain was 93% greater in the flurbiprofen group than in the placebo group before antibiotic coadministration and 84% greater than placebo during antibiotic administration (both P < .05). Relief of difficulty swallowing was 71% greater in the flurbiprofen group than in the placebo before antibiotic administration (P = .16) and 107% greater during concomitant antibiotic administration (P = .04). Relief of the sensation of throat swelling was 295% greater with flurbiprofen than placebo before antibiotic administration (P = .008) and 70% greater during concomitant antibiotic administration (P = .06). For placebo-treated patients, relief from throat pain and difficulty swallowing were similar before and during antibiotic treatment (P > .05), indicating no benefit with antibiotic administration for these symptoms. No treatment-related discontinuations or serious adverse events were reported.
CONCLUSIONS
Irrespective of antibiotic use, flurbiprofen 8.75 mg lozenges provide well-tolerated, effective relief of pharyngeal symptoms in patients with streptococcal infection. In the 24 hours after administration, antibiotics provide no relief of throat pain or difficulty swallowing beyond the topical demulcent effects of placebo lozenges.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Flurbiprofen; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Treatment Outcome; Pharyngitis; Pain; Streptococcal Infections; Deglutition Disorders; Double-Blind Method
PubMed: 34261371
DOI: 10.1177/01455613211025754 -
United European Gastroenterology Journal Oct 2019Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is highly prevalent and presents a clinical challenge. Gelsectan is a medical device containing xyloglucan (XG), pea protein and tannins... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is highly prevalent and presents a clinical challenge. Gelsectan is a medical device containing xyloglucan (XG), pea protein and tannins (PPT) from grape seed extract, and xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS), which act together to protect and reinforce the intestinal barrier.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of XG + PPT + XOS in patients with diarrhoea-predominant IBS (IBS-D).
METHODS
In this double-blind study, 60 patients were randomly assigned to receive XG + PPT + XOS or placebo for 28 days, then crossed over to the alternative treatment. Patients were followed for 60 days.
RESULTS
At Day 28, a significantly higher proportion of patients starting treatment with XG + PPT + XOS than placebo (87 vs 0%; = 0.0019) presented normal stools (Bristol Stool Form Scale type 3-4). At Day 56, a significantly higher proportion of patients who crossed over to XG + PPT + XOS than placebo (93% vs 23%; = 0.0001) presented normal stools. In the group allocated to receive XG + PPT + XOS after placebo, benefits of XG + PPT + XOS were maintained during follow-up. Subjective assessments of abdominal pain, bloating, quality of life and general health indicated significant improvement with XG + PPT + XOS over placebo. There were no related adverse events.
CONCLUSION
XG + PPT + XOS effectively controlled diarrhoea and alleviated clinical symptoms in patients with IBS-D, and was well tolerated.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Adult; Cross-Over Studies; Demulcents; Diarrhea; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Equipment Design; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glucans; Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Male; Oligosaccharides; Pea Proteins; Placebos; Prebiotics; Prevalence; Quality of Life; Romania; Safety; Treatment Outcome; Xylans
PubMed: 31662866
DOI: 10.1177/2050640619862721 -
Pharmacognosy Magazine Aug 2014Astragalus hamosus L. (Fabaceae) is used in herbal medicine as emollient, demulcent, phrodisiac, diuretic, laxative, and good for inflammation, ulcers, and leukoderma....
BACKGROUND
Astragalus hamosus L. (Fabaceae) is used in herbal medicine as emollient, demulcent, phrodisiac, diuretic, laxative, and good for inflammation, ulcers, and leukoderma. It is useful in treating irritation of the mucous membranes, nervous affections, and catarrh.
OBJECTIVE
Rhamnocitrin 4-β-D-galactopyranoside (RGP), isolated from A. hamosus, was investigated for its possible protective effect on different models of toxicity in vitro on sub-cellular and cellular level.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The effects of RGP were evaluated on isolated rat brain synaptosomes, prepared by Percoll reagent and on rat hepatocytes, isolated by two-stepped collagenase perfusion.
RESULTS
In synaptosomes, RGP had statistically significant protective effect, similar to those of silymarin, on 6-hydroxy (OH)-dopamine-induced oxidative stress. These results correlate with literature data about protective effects of kempferol and rhamnocitrin on oxidative damage in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. In rat hepatocytes, we investigate the effect of RGP on two models of liver toxicity: Bendamustine and cyclophosphamide. In these models, the compound had statistically significant cytoprotective and antioxidant activity, similar to those of silymarin.
CONCLUSION
According to these results, we can suggest that such cytoprotective effect of RGP might be due to an influence on bendamustine and cyclophosphamide metabolism in rat hepatocytes. In isolated rat hepatocytes, in combination with bendamustine and cyclophosphamide and in 6-OH-dopamine-induced oxidative stress in isolated rat synaptosomes, RGP, isolated from A. hamosus, was effective protector and antioxidant. The effects were closed to those of flavonoid silymarin-the classical hepatoprotector and antioxidant.
PubMed: 25298664
DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.139778