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Medecine Sciences : M/S Jan 2014Dendritic cells are a rare and heterogeneous population of professional antigen-presenting cells. Several murine dendritic cell subpopulations have been identified that... (Review)
Review
Dendritic cells are a rare and heterogeneous population of professional antigen-presenting cells. Several murine dendritic cell subpopulations have been identified that differ in their phenotype and functional properties. In the steady state, committed dendritic cell precursors differentiate into lymphoid organ-resident dendritic cells and migratory tissue dendritic cells. During inflammation appears an additional dendritic cell subpopulation that has been termed « inflammatory dendritic cells ». Inflammatory dendritic cells differentiate in situ from monocytes recruited to the site of inflammation. Here, we discuss how mouse inflammatory dendritic cells differ from macrophages and from other dendritic cell populations. Finally, we review recent work on human inflammatory dendritic cells.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Inflammation; Lymphocyte Activation; Mice; Monocytes; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 24472461
DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20143001015 -
Cellular & Molecular Immunology Nov 2018Autophagy and immunity share the property of being auto-protective for the organism. Autophagy is an important degradation pathway that buffers nutrient deprivation by... (Review)
Review
Autophagy and immunity share the property of being auto-protective for the organism. Autophagy is an important degradation pathway that buffers nutrient deprivation by recycling macromolecules in organisms from yeast to man. Perturbations in autophagy are associated with inflammation and cancer development. Emerging studies have characterized the molecular details regarding how autophagy is controlled by immune cells. Among these, dendritic cells (DCs) are one of the most potent professional antigen-presenting cells critical for the activation of naïve T cells to maintain immune tolerance and drive protective immunity to infection and cancer. DCs undergo functional maturation that can either lead to an immunostimulatory phenotype, as in the context of infection, or to a tolerogenic phenotype associated with immunosuppression to self-antigens, as well as to cancer. An increasing number of recent studies has characterized the involvement of autophagy in DC functions in various physiological and pathological contexts. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of these outcomes and discuss the limitation of the models used and the forefront of the knowledge concerning the crosstalk between autophagy and DC biology.
Topics: Animals; Autophagy; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Immunity, Cellular; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 29578531
DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2018.2 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022
Topics: Cancer Vaccines; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immunity; Neoplasms
PubMed: 36148223
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1023967 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 2015As the most potent antigen-presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs) are pivotal players in regulating immune responses. DC-based technologies have generated a series of... (Review)
Review
As the most potent antigen-presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs) are pivotal players in regulating immune responses. DC-based technologies have generated a series of typical and promising therapeutic options, especially after the first DC-based cancer vaccine was approved by US. Food and Drug Administration (US. FDA). In this context, this paper employs patents and citation networks to conduct a fundamental analysis in order to show overall landscape of DC-based technologies. The results in this research can be used as references for decision-making in developing efficacious DC therapeutic products.
Topics: Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immunotherapy; Patents as Topic
PubMed: 25714961
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1008857 -
Seminars in Immunology Mar 2023Cross-priming was first recognized in the context of in vivo cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses generated against minor histocompatibility antigens induced by... (Review)
Review
Cross-priming was first recognized in the context of in vivo cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses generated against minor histocompatibility antigens induced by immunization with lymphoid cells. Even though the basis for T cell antigen recognition was still largely unclear at that time, these early studies recognized the implication that such minor histocompatibility antigens were derived from the immunizing cells and were obtained exogenously by the host's antigen presenting cells (APCs) that directly prime the CTL response. As antigen recognition by the T cell receptor became understood to involve peptides derived from antigens processed by the APCs and presented by major histocompatibility molecules, the "cross-priming" phenomenon was subsequently recast as "cross-presentation" and the scope considered for examining this process gradually broadened to include many different forms of antigens, including soluble proteins, and different types of APCs that may not be involved in in vivo CTL priming. Many studies of cross-presentation have relied on in vitro cell models that were recently found to differ from in vivo APCs in particular mechanistic details. A recent trend has focused on the APCs and pathways of cross-presentation used in vivo, especially the type 1 dendritic cells. Current efforts are also being directed towards validating the in vivo role of various putative pathways and gene candidates in cross-presentation garnered from various in vitro studies and to determine the relative contributions they make to CTL responses across various forms of antigens and immunologic settings. Thus, cross-presentation appears to be carried by different pathways in various types of cells for different forms under different physiologic settings, which remain to be evaluated in an in vivo physiologic setting.
Topics: Humans; Antigen-Presenting Cells; Cross-Priming; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic; Antigens; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; Biology; Dendritic Cells; Antigen Presentation; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I
PubMed: 36645993
DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101711 -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Nov 2023Spleen and lymphoid organs are important targets for messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery in various applications. Current nanoparticle delivery methods rely on drainage to...
Spleen and lymphoid organs are important targets for messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery in various applications. Current nanoparticle delivery methods rely on drainage to lymph nodes from intramuscular or subcutaneous injections. In difficult-to-transfect antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells (DCs), effective mRNA transfection remains a significant challenge. In this study, a lymphatic targeting carrier using DC membranes is developed, that efficiently migrated to lymphoid organs, such as the spleen and lymph nodes. The nanoparticles contained an ionizable lipid (YK009), which ensured a high encapsulation efficacy of mRNA and assisted mRNA with endosomal escape after cellular uptake. Dendritic cell-mimicking nanoparticles (DCMNPs) showed efficient protein expression in both the spleen and lymph nodes after intramuscular injections. Moreover, in immunized mice, DCMNP vaccination elicited Spike-specific IgG antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, and Th1-biased SARS-CoV-2-specific cellular immunity. This work presents a powerful vaccine formula using DCMNPs, which represents a promising vaccine candidate for further research and development.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Dendritic Cells; RNA, Messenger; Nanoparticles; Immunity, Cellular; Vaccines
PubMed: 37867227
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302423 -
Immunologic Research Mar 2013Pulmonary dendritic cells (DCs) constantly sample the tissue and traffic inhaled antigens to the lung-draining lymph node where they normally orchestrate an appropriate... (Review)
Review
Pulmonary dendritic cells (DCs) constantly sample the tissue and traffic inhaled antigens to the lung-draining lymph node where they normally orchestrate an appropriate immune response. The dynamic ability of these professional antigen-presenting cells to promote tolerance or immunity has been intensively studied by several groups, including ours. Distinct DC subsets in both lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues have been described based on their surface molecule expression and location. Current efforts to unravel DC development and function are providing insight into the various roles each subset offers the immune system. Elucidating DC functions, particularly in the lung, may then allow use of the inherent ability of these cells for enhanced vaccine strategies and therapeutics for pulmonary infections and diseases.
Topics: Animals; Antigen Presentation; Antigens; Dendritic Cells; Lung; Protein Transport
PubMed: 22968708
DOI: 10.1007/s12026-012-8359-6 -
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical... Jul 2021
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological; Biomarkers; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immunophenotyping
PubMed: 33651141
DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03572-z -
Critical Reviews in Immunology 2013Universally viewed as the sentinels and messengers of the immune system and traditionally referred to as professional antigen-presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs)... (Review)
Review
Universally viewed as the sentinels and messengers of the immune system and traditionally referred to as professional antigen-presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs) play a fundamental role in antitumor immunity. DCs are uniquely equipped with the ability to acquire, process, and present to T lymphocytes tumor-derived antigens. They can drive the differentiation of naive T cells into activated tumor-specific effector lymphocytes. DCs also dictate the type and regulate the strength and duration of T-cell responses. In addition, they contribute to natural killer and natural killer T-cell antitumoral function and to B-cell-mediated immunity. Besides this cardinal role as orchestrators of innate and adaptive immune responses, many studies have provided evidence that DCs can also function as direct cytotoxic effectors against tumors. This less conventional aspect of DC function has, however, raised controversy as it relates to the origin of these cells and the induction, regulation, and mechanisms underlying their tumoricidal activity. The possible impact of the cytotoxic function of DCs on their capability to present antigens also has been the focus of intensive research. This review examines these questions and discusses the biological significance of this nontraditional property and possible strategies to exploit the killing potential of DCs in cancer immunotherapy.
Topics: Animals; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immunotherapy; Neoplasms
PubMed: 23510023
DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2013006679 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2020Chondroitin sulfate (CS), a type of glycosaminoglycan (GAG), is a linear acidic polysaccharide comprised of repeating disaccharides, modified with sulfate groups at... (Review)
Review
Chondroitin sulfate (CS), a type of glycosaminoglycan (GAG), is a linear acidic polysaccharide comprised of repeating disaccharides, modified with sulfate groups at various positions. Except for hyaluronan (HA), GAGs are covalently bound to core proteins, forming proteoglycans (PGs). With highly negative charges, GAGs interact with a variety of physiologically active molecules, including cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, and control cell behavior during development and in the progression of diseases, including cancer, infections, and inflammation. Heparan sulfate (HS), another type of GAG, and HA are well reported as regulators for leukocyte migration at sites of inflammation. There have been many reports on the regulation of immune cell function by HS and HA; however, regulation of immune cells by CS has not yet been fully understood. This article focuses on the regulatory function of CS in antigen-presenting cells, including macrophages and dendritic cells, and refers to CSPGs, such as versican and biglycan, and the cell surface proteoglycan, syndecan.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Antigen-Presenting Cells; Biglycan; Carbohydrate Conformation; Carbohydrate Sequence; Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans; Chondroitin Sulfates; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Hyaluronan Receptors; Immunity, Innate; Macrophages; Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2; Structure-Activity Relationship; Syndecans; Toll-Like Receptors; Versicans
PubMed: 32194548
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00232