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The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine Dec 2014Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen-presenting cells uniquely suited for cancer immunotherapy. They induce primary immune responses, potentiate the effector... (Review)
Review
Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen-presenting cells uniquely suited for cancer immunotherapy. They induce primary immune responses, potentiate the effector functions of previously primed T-lymphocytes, and orchestrate communication between innate and adaptive immunity. The remarkable diversity of cytokine activation regimens, DC maturation states, and antigen-loading strategies employed in current DC-based vaccine design reflect an evolving, but incomplete, understanding of optimal DC immunobiology. In the clinical realm, existing DC-based cancer immunotherapy efforts have yielded encouraging but inconsistent results. Despite recent U.S. Federal and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of DC-based sipuleucel-T for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, clinically effective DC immunotherapy as monotherapy for a majority of tumors remains a distant goal. Recent work has identified strategies that may allow for more potent "next-generation" DC vaccines. Additionally, multimodality approaches incorporating DC-based immunotherapy may improve clinical outcomes.
Topics: Cancer Vaccines; Dendritic Cells; Drug Design; Humans; Immunotherapy; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 25506283
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Immunology Research 2024Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that are crucial for maintaining self-tolerance, initiating immune responses against pathogens, and... (Review)
Review
Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that are crucial for maintaining self-tolerance, initiating immune responses against pathogens, and patrolling body compartments. Despite promising aspects, DC-based immunotherapy faces challenges that include limited availability, immune escape in tumors, immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment, and the need for effective combination therapies. A further limitation in DC-based immunotherapy is the low population of migratory DC (around 5%-10%) that migrate to lymph nodes (LNs) through afferent lymphatics depending on the LN draining site. By increasing the population of migratory DCs, DC-based immunotherapy could enhance immunotherapeutic effects on target diseases. This paper reviews the importance of DC migration and current research progress in the context of DC-based immunotherapy.
Topics: Humans; Dendritic Cells; Immunotherapy; Lymph Nodes; Neoplasms; Cell Movement; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 38628676
DOI: 10.1155/2024/7827246 -
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences :... Jul 2016Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system characterized by infiltration of immune cells and... (Review)
Review
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system characterized by infiltration of immune cells and progressive damage to myelin sheaths and neurons. There is still no cure for the disease, but drug regimens can reduce the frequency of relapses and slightly delay progression. Myeloid cells or antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells (DC), macrophages, and resident microglia, are key players in both mediating immune responses and inducing immune tolerance. Mounting evidence indicates a contribution of these myeloid cells to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and to the effects of treatment, the understanding of which might provide strategies for more potent novel therapeutic interventions. Here, we review recent insights into the role of APCs, with specific focus on DCs in the modulation of neuroinflammation in MS.
Topics: Animals; Antigen-Presenting Cells; Dendritic Cells; Drug Discovery; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Microglia; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Multiple Sclerosis
PubMed: 26970979
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2170-9 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Dendritic cells (DCs), the strongest antigen-presenting cells, are a focus for orchestrating the immune system in the fight against cancer. Basic scientific... (Review)
Review
Dendritic cells (DCs), the strongest antigen-presenting cells, are a focus for orchestrating the immune system in the fight against cancer. Basic scientific investigations elucidating the cellular biology of the DCs have resulted in new strategies in this fight, including cancer vaccinology, combination therapy, and adoptive cellular therapy. Although immunotherapy is currently becoming an unprecedented bench-to-bedside success, the overall response rate to the current immunotherapy in patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancers is pretty low. Here, we have carried out a literature search of the studies of DCs in the treatment of GI cancer patients. We provide the advances in DC-based immunotherapy and highlight the clinical trials that indicate the therapeutic efficacies and toxicities related with each vaccine. Moreover, we also offer the yet-to-be-addressed questions about DC-based immunotherapy. This study focuses predominantly on the data derived from human studies to help understand the involvement of DCs in patients with GI cancers.
Topics: Dendritic Cells; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Immunotherapy; Immunotherapy, Adoptive
PubMed: 35619702
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.887189 -
Viruses Feb 2018Myeloid cells such as monocytes, dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages (MΦ) are key components of the innate immune system contributing to the maintenance of tissue... (Review)
Review
Myeloid cells such as monocytes, dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages (MΦ) are key components of the innate immune system contributing to the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and the development/resolution of immune responses to pathogens. Monocytes and DC, circulating in the blood or infiltrating various lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues, are derived from distinct bone marrow precursors and are typically short lived. Conversely, recent studies revealed that subsets of tissue resident MΦ are long-lived as they originate from embryonic/fetal precursors that have the ability to self-renew during the life of an individual. Pathogens such as the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) highjack the functions of myeloid cells for viral replication (e.g., MΦ) or distal dissemination and cell-to-cell transmission (e.g., DC). Although the long-term persistence of HIV reservoirs in CD4+ T-cells during viral suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) is well documented, the ability of myeloid cells to harbor replication competent viral reservoirs is still a matter of debate. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the biology of monocytes and DC during homeostasis and in the context of HIV-1 infection and highlights the importance of future studies on long-lived resident MΦ to HIV persistence in ART-treated patients.
Topics: Animals; Antigen Presentation; Antigen-Presenting Cells; Dendritic Cells; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Macrophages; Monocytes
PubMed: 29415518
DOI: 10.3390/v10020065 -
Current Opinion in Immunology Feb 2008For years, dendritic cell (DC) biologists have oscillated between two seemingly antagonistic ideas: functional specialization (division of labor) of DC subsets and... (Review)
Review
For years, dendritic cell (DC) biologists have oscillated between two seemingly antagonistic ideas: functional specialization (division of labor) of DC subsets and plasticity (multitasking). More recently, a third hypothesis is gathering support: crosstalk between functionally distinct DC subsets. This reveals a previously unappreciated hierarchy of organization within the DC system, and provides a conceptual framework to understand how cooperation between functionally distinct, yet plastic, DC subsets can shape adaptive immunity and immunological memory. Here we review the recent advances in this area.
Topics: Animals; Antigen Presentation; Cell Communication; Dendritic Cells; Mice
PubMed: 18082389
DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2007.10.009 -
Immunology Letters Nov 2014Dendritic cells (DCs) provide a critical link between innate and adaptive immunity. The potent antigen presenting properties of DCs makes them a valuable target for the... (Review)
Review
Dendritic cells (DCs) provide a critical link between innate and adaptive immunity. The potent antigen presenting properties of DCs makes them a valuable target for the delivery of immunogenic cargo. Recent clinical studies describing in situ DC targeting with antibody-mediated targeting of DC receptor through DEC-205 provide new opportunities for the clinical application of DC-targeted vaccines. Further advances with nanoparticle vectors which can encapsulate antigens and adjuvants within the same compartment and be targeted against diverse DC subsets also represent an attractive strategy for targeting DCs. This review provides a brief summary of the rationale behind targeting dendritic cells in situ, the existing pre-clinical and clinical data on these vaccines and challenges faced by the next generation DC-targeted vaccines.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Antigen Presentation; Antigen-Presenting Cells; Antigens; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Mice; Nanoparticles; Phenotype; Vaccines
PubMed: 25072116
DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.07.004 -
Nature Reviews. Immunology Jun 2008A breakdown in intestinal homeostasis can result in chronic inflammatory diseases of the gut including inflammatory bowel disease, coeliac disease and allergy. Dendritic... (Review)
Review
A breakdown in intestinal homeostasis can result in chronic inflammatory diseases of the gut including inflammatory bowel disease, coeliac disease and allergy. Dendritic cells, through their ability to orchestrate protective immunity and immune tolerance in the host, have a key role in shaping the intestinal immune response. The mechanisms through which dendritic cells can respond to environmental cues in the intestine and select appropriate immune responses have until recently been poorly understood. Here, we review recent work that is beginning to identify factors responsible for intestinal conditioning of dendritic-cell function and the subsequent decision between tolerance and immunity in the intestine.
Topics: Animals; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Immunity, Cellular; Immunophenotyping; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines
PubMed: 18500229
DOI: 10.1038/nri2335 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2018The identity of Langerhans cells (LCs) has been called into question of late due to the increasing evidence that LCs originate from macrophage lineage instead of... (Review)
Review
The identity of Langerhans cells (LCs) has been called into question of late due to the increasing evidence that LCs originate from macrophage lineage instead of dendritic cell (DC) lineage as previously thought. For many years, LCs have been assumed to be DCs due to its migratory capabilities. However, recent studies have demonstrated that LCs are from macrophage lineage of the adult fetal liver (FL) progenitor. LCs are now considered tissue-resident macrophages as they originate from the FL as shown by fate mapping models. In recent years, studies have shown that there are three types of antigen-presenting cells present in the epidermis, such as LCs, monocyte-derived LC-like cells, and inflammatory dendritic epidermal cells (IDECs). Of these, LC-like cells have been characterized in both human and mouse studies, while IDECs have only been described in human studies. This has shed a new light on the area of epidermal macrophages, suggesting that there might be a misidentification and misclassification of LCs. IDECs and LC-like cells have been shown to be present in both steady state and inflammatory state, but they are present in more significant amounts under inflammatory conditions such as atopic dermatitis, ultra violet injury, and psoriasis. In this review, we discuss what is already known and discuss the possible roles of LCs, LC-like cells, and IDECs during inflammation. Most intriguingly, we discuss the possibility of LCs having a dual identity as both a macrophage and a DC. This is shown as LCs are the only tissue-resident macrophage to have shown migratory property-like DCs.
Topics: Animals; Antigen-Presenting Cells; Cell Differentiation; Cell Movement; Dendritic Cells; Dermatitis; Disease Susceptibility; Epidermal Cells; Epidermis; Humans; Langerhans Cells; Macrophages; Monocytes; Phenotype
PubMed: 30105033
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01768 -
ACS Nano Mar 2011Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent professional antigen presenting cells (APC) that activate naïve T cells. Interaction of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 molecules on each cell is...
Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent professional antigen presenting cells (APC) that activate naïve T cells. Interaction of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 molecules on each cell is required for T cell conjugation to DCs, which leads to naïve CD4+ T cell activation and proliferation. Nanoparticles capable of blocking LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction were studied as inhibitors of T cell conjugation to DCs. Primary DCs were primed with ovalbumin, then treated with a peptide that binds ICAM-1 (LABL), a peptide that binds LFA-1 (cIBR), or the same peptides covalently linked to the surface of poly(dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (NPs). LABL-NPs and cIBR-NPs rapidly bound to DCs and inhibited T cell conjugation to DCs to a greater extent than the free peptides, unconjugated nanoparticles (NPs), anti-ICAM-1 antibodies, and anti-LFA-1 antibodies. In addition, DCs treated with NPs or with cIBR-NPs stimulated the proliferation of T cells, but DCs treated with LABL-NPs did not stimulate T cell proliferation. Nanoparticles targeting ICAM-1 or LFA-1 also altered cytokine production by DC cocultured with T cells when compared to free ligands, suggesting that these NPs may offer a unique tool for shaping T cell response.
Topics: Cells, Cultured; Dendritic Cells; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Membrane Proteins; Nanostructures; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 21375342
DOI: 10.1021/nn102159g