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Cell Aug 2001
Review
Topics: Animals; Antigens; Bone Marrow Cells; Cell Differentiation; Cell Lineage; Cell Movement; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Immunity, Active; Immunity, Innate; Stem Cells; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 11509173
DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00456-1 -
Cytometry. Part a : the Journal of the... Mar 2021Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which include dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes are essential for inducing and steering adaptive T-cell responses. Recent...
Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which include dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes are essential for inducing and steering adaptive T-cell responses. Recent technological developments in single-cell analysis have significantly advanced our understanding of APC subset heterogeneity. To accurately resolve this functional diversity and to account for tissue-specific adaptation, novel phenotyping markers have been described more recently. While some of these largely overlap with traditionally used markers, more fine-grained phenotyping might be essential during inflammatory settings, where the traditional distinction between monocytes and dendritic cells has become blurred. Within this phenotype report, we provide a concise overview of traditional and recently described markers for the phenotyping of DCs and monocytes in the human system.
Topics: Dendritic Cells; Humans; Monocytes; Phenotype; Single-Cell Analysis; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 33200508
DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24269 -
Respiratory Research 2001The interaction between viruses and dendritic cells (DCs) is varied and complex. DCs are key elements in the development of a host response to pathogens such as viruses,... (Review)
Review
The interaction between viruses and dendritic cells (DCs) is varied and complex. DCs are key elements in the development of a host response to pathogens such as viruses, but viruses have developed survival tactics to either evade or diminish the immune system that functions to kill and eliminate these micro-organisms. In the present review we summarize current concepts regarding the function of DCs in the immune system, our understanding of how viruses alter DC function to attenuate both the virus-specific and global immune response, and how we may be able to exploit DC function to prevent or treat viral infections.
Topics: Animals; Antigen-Presenting Cells; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Lung; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 11686890
DOI: 10.1186/rr63 -
Immunological Reviews Jul 2010Programmed cell death is essential for the maintenance of lymphocyte homeostasis and immune tolerance. Dendritic cells (DCs), the most efficient antigen-presenting... (Review)
Review
Programmed cell death is essential for the maintenance of lymphocyte homeostasis and immune tolerance. Dendritic cells (DCs), the most efficient antigen-presenting cells, represent a small cell population in the immune system. However, DCs play major roles in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. Programmed cell death in DCs is essential for regulating DC homeostasis and consequently, the scope of immune responses. Interestingly, different DC subsets show varied turnover rates in vivo. The conventional DCs are relatively short-lived in most lymphoid organs, while plasmacytoid DCs are long-lived cells. Mitochondrion-dependent programmed cell death plays an important role in regulating spontaneous DC turnover. Antigen-specific T cells are also capable of killing DCs, thereby providing a mechanism for negative feedback regulation of immune responses. It has been shown that a surplus of DCs due to defects in programmed cell death leads to overactivation of lymphocytes and the onset of autoimmunity. Studying programmed cell death in DCs will shed light on the roles for DC turnover in the regulation of the duration and magnitude of immune responses in vivo and in the maintenance of immune tolerance.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Animals; Antigen-Presenting Cells; Apoptosis; Cell Communication; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Models, Immunological; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 20636805
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2010.00916.x -
Trends in Immunology Nov 2011Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the arteries, which results in major morbidity and mortality. Immune cells initiate and sustain local inflammation. Here,... (Review)
Review
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the arteries, which results in major morbidity and mortality. Immune cells initiate and sustain local inflammation. Here, we focus on how dendritic cell (DC)-mediated processes might be relevant to atherosclerosis. Although only small numbers of DCs are detected in healthy arteries, these numbers dramatically increase during atherosclerosis development. In the earliest fatty streaks, DCs are found next to the vascular endothelium. During plaque growth, new DCs are actively recruited, and their egress from the vessel wall is dampened. In the adventitia next to mature atherosclerotic lesions, tertiary lymphoid organs develop, which also contain DCs. Thus, DCs probably participate in all stages of atherosclerosis from fatty streaks to mature lesions.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Cell Differentiation; Cell Movement; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Lipid Metabolism
PubMed: 21835696
DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2011.07.001 -
Scandinavian Journal of Immunology Aug 2013Dendritic cells (DCs) are considered to be the most potent antigen-presenting cells. Ever since the development of protocols for the in vitro generation of DCs, their... (Review)
Review
Dendritic cells (DCs) are considered to be the most potent antigen-presenting cells. Ever since the development of protocols for the in vitro generation of DCs, their application in immunotherapy against various malignancies has been explored. Even though the approach of using tumour antigen-presenting DCs in therapeutic vaccination strategies has been shown to work effectively in mice and look promising in in vitro studies, the actual clinical benefit for patients with cancer has been marginal. There clearly is still room for improvement. In this review, we will summarize recent clinical trials and findings and try to shed some light on the current status and the future of DC-based cancer immunotherapy.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Neoplasm; Antineoplastic Agents; Cancer Vaccines; Clinical Trials as Topic; Combined Modality Therapy; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immunotherapy; Mice; Neoplasms; Treatment Failure; Vaccination
PubMed: 23672402
DOI: 10.1111/sji.12060 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2019Clinical studies with cellular therapies using tolerance-inducing cells, such as tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells (tolAPC) and regulatory T cells (Treg) for the... (Review)
Review
Clinical studies with cellular therapies using tolerance-inducing cells, such as tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells (tolAPC) and regulatory T cells (Treg) for the prevention of transplant rejection and the treatment of autoimmune diseases have been expanding the last decade. In this perspective, we will summarize the current perspectives of the clinical application of both tolAPC and Treg, and will address future directions and the importance of immunomonitoring in clinical studies that will result in progress in the field.
Topics: Animals; Antigen-Presenting Cells; Autoimmunity; Biomarkers; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; Clinical Studies as Topic; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Immunomodulation; Immunophenotyping; Immunotherapy; T-Lymphocyte Subsets; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
PubMed: 30853957
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00181 -
Kidney International Nov 2007Patients with chronic renal failure maintained on intermittent hemodialysis have frequent infections and a suboptimal response to vaccinations. Dendritic cells are...
Patients with chronic renal failure maintained on intermittent hemodialysis have frequent infections and a suboptimal response to vaccinations. Dendritic cells are potent antigen-presenting cells essential for the initiation and maintenance of innate and adaptive immunity. In this study we used uremic sera from hemodialysis patients to measure its impact on monocyte and monocyte-derived dendritic cell function in vitro. Monocytes from healthy and uremic subjects were isolated using immunomagnetic beads and differentiated into dendritic cells in the presence of either complete sera or sera from hemodialysis patients. Dendritic cells from normal patients cultured in uremic sera had decreased endocytosis and impaired maturation. These cells, however, had enhanced IL-12p70 production and increased allogeneic T-cell proliferation compared to cells of normal subjects cultured in normal sera. Monocyte derived dendritic cells of hemodialysis patients cultured in either normal or uremic sera were functionally impaired for endocytosis and maturation but had enhanced IL-12p70 production and allogeneic T-cell proliferation only when cultured with uremic sera. High concentrations of urea in normal sera inhibited all aspects of normal dendritic cell function in vitro. Our study suggests that hemodialysis regimes tailored to remove uremic toxins more efficiently may improve immune functions of these patients.
Topics: Adult; Blood Proteins; Case-Control Studies; Cell Differentiation; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Interleukin-12; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Middle Aged; Monocytes; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; Renal Dialysis; Urea; Uremia
PubMed: 17728708
DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002425 -
Immunotherapy Jan 2010The use of dendritic cells (DCs) for tumor immunotherapy represents a powerful approach for harnessing the patient's own immune system to eliminate tumor cells. However,... (Review)
Review
The use of dendritic cells (DCs) for tumor immunotherapy represents a powerful approach for harnessing the patient's own immune system to eliminate tumor cells. However, suboptimal conditions for generating potent immunostimulatory DCs, as well as the induction of tolerance and suppression mediated by the tumors and its microenvironment have contributed to limited success. Combining DC vaccines with new approaches that enhance immunogenicity and overcome the regulatory mechanisms underlying peripheral tolerance may be the key to achieving effective and durable anti-tumor immune responses that translate to better clinical outcomes.
Topics: Antigen-Presenting Cells; Cancer Vaccines; Cell Differentiation; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Immunotherapy; Neoplasms
PubMed: 20473346
DOI: 10.2217/imt.09.43 -
Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy : CII Mar 2004Dendritic cells (DCs) are nature's best antigen-presenting cells. They possess attributes that allow them to effectively fulfill the requirements for priming/activating... (Review)
Review
Dendritic cells (DCs) are nature's best antigen-presenting cells. They possess attributes that allow them to effectively fulfill the requirements for priming/activating T cells and mediating tumor-specific immune responses. In this review, emphasis is placed on those aspects of DC biology that best illustrate their usefulness in immunotherapy of cancer. Culture, maturation, and polarization conditions for human DC are discussed, as are strategies for antigen-loading of DCs and for their delivery to patients with cancer. A concise recommendation for monitoring of DC-based vaccination trails is provided.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Neoplasm; Cell Movement; Cells, Cultured; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immunotherapy; Neoplasms
PubMed: 14685779
DOI: 10.1007/s00262-003-0468-6