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Reviews in Medical Virology Sep 2022In dengue-endemic regions, the co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and dengue is a significant health concern. Therefore, we performed a literature search for relevant papers... (Review)
Review
In dengue-endemic regions, the co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and dengue is a significant health concern. Therefore, we performed a literature search for relevant papers in seven databases on 26 Spetember 2021. Out of 24 articles, the mortality rate and intensive care unit (ICU) admission were 19.1% and 7.8%, respectively. The mean hospital stay was 11.4 days. In addition, we identified two pregnancies with dengue and COVID-19 co-infection; one ended with premature rupture of membrane and intrauterine growth restriction fetus, while the other one ended with maternal mortality and intrauterine fetal death. COVID-19 and dengue co-infection had worse outcomes regarding mortality rates, ICU admission, and prolonged hospital stay. Thus, wise-decision management approaches should be adequately offered to these patients to enhance their outcomes. Establishing an early diagnosis might be the answer to reducing the estimated significant burden of these conditions.
Topics: COVID-19; Coinfection; Dengue; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Premature Birth; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 35213764
DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2339 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Aug 2021Dengue is the most common arboviral disease in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Like other regions, dengue-endemic areas have faced the additional...
BACKGROUND
Dengue is the most common arboviral disease in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Like other regions, dengue-endemic areas have faced the additional public health and socio-economic impact of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. COVID-19 and dengue co-infections have been reported, with complicated patient management and care requirements. This review aimed to collate and synthesise current knowledge on the clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19 and dengue virus co-infection, a potentially important new dimension to be considered in public health management of the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS
A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases from 1st January to 21st November 2020. The key search terms used were "dengue" and "coronavirus". Descriptive analysis with graphical illustrations were used to present the clinical and laboratory parameters of the co-infection.
RESULTS
Thirteen published papers and four news articles were included in the review. Most studies were case reports with a detailed description of the clinical and laboratory characteristics of the co-infection. All cases were in adults with the exception of a six-year old child. The common symptoms of co-infection were fever, dyspnea, headache, and cough. Common laboratory results included thrombocytopenia, lymphocytopenia, elevated transaminases, and leukopenia. Serious outcomes of co-infection included septic shock, acute respiratory disease syndrome and multi-organ failure, leading to death in some patients.
CONCLUSIONS
COVID-19 and dengue co-infection was associated with severe disease and fatal outcomes. The correct diagnosis and treatment of co-infection poses a substantial challenge due to the overlapping clinical and laboratory parameters. Therefore, confirmative diagnostic tests are necessary for accurate and timely diagnosis and patient management.
Topics: Adult; COVID-19; Child; Coinfection; Dengue; Humans; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34340682
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06409-9 -
Vaccine Dec 2015This review describes and commentates on recent advances in the understanding of dengue pathogenesis and immunity, plus clinical research on vaccines and therapeutics.... (Review)
Review
This review describes and commentates on recent advances in the understanding of dengue pathogenesis and immunity, plus clinical research on vaccines and therapeutics. We expand specifically on the role of the dermis in dengue virus infection, the contribution of cellular and humoral immune responses to pathogenesis and immunity, NS1 and mechanisms of virus immune evasion. Additionally we review a series of therapeutic intervention trials for dengue, as well as recent clinical research aimed at improving clinical diagnosis, risk prediction and disease classification.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Dengue; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Immune Evasion; Immunity, Cellular; Immunity, Humoral; Immunity, Innate; Immunotherapy
PubMed: 26458808
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.103 -
Current Opinion in Virology Aug 2020Dengue virus (DENV) causes the most prevalent arbovirus illness worldwide and is responsible for many debilitating epidemics. The four circulating DENV serotypes infect... (Review)
Review
Dengue virus (DENV) causes the most prevalent arbovirus illness worldwide and is responsible for many debilitating epidemics. The four circulating DENV serotypes infect humans and can cause asymptomatic, mild, moderate, or severe Dengue. Because of the global morbidity and mortality due to Dengue, deployment of a safe and effective tetravalent vaccine has been a high priority, and to date, a partially realized goal. The study of pathogenesis and development of DENV therapeutics and vaccines has been limited by few animal models that recapitulate key features of human disease. Over the past two decades, mouse models of DENV infection have evolved with increasing success. Here, we review the utilization and limitations of mice for studying DENV pathogenesis and evaluating countermeasures.
Topics: Animals; Dengue; Dengue Vaccines; Dengue Virus; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Mice; Virulence
PubMed: 32950933
DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.09.001 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Mar 2021Dengue is the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral disease in humans, primarily transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. We conducted a descriptive analysis of dengue...
Dengue is the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral disease in humans, primarily transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. We conducted a descriptive analysis of dengue cases from 2009 to 2017 in Medellín, Colombia, using data available from the Secretariat of Health. We analyzed the burden of outbreak years on the healthcare system, risk of cases exhibiting severe illness, potential disease surveillance problems, gender and age as risk factors, and spatiotemporal patterns of disease occurrence. Our data consisted of 50,083 cases, separated based on whether they were diagnostic test negative, diagnostic test positive (primarily IgM ELISA), clinically confirmed, epidemiologically linked, or probable. We used dengue incidence to analyze epidemiological trends between our study years, related to human movement patterns, between gender and age-groups, and spatiotemporally. We used risk to analyze the severity of dengue cases between the study years. We identified human movement could contributed to dengue spread, and male individuals (incidence rate: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.76-0.96) and individuals younger than 15 years (incidence rate: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.13-1.34) have higher incidence of dengue and located critical parts of the city where dengue incidence was high. Analysis was limited by participant diagnostic information, data concerning circulating strains, and a lack of phylogenetic information. Understanding the characteristics of dengue is a fundamental part of improving the health outcomes of at-risk populations. This analysis will be useful to support studies and initiatives to counteract dengue and provide context to the surveillance data collected by the health authorities in Medellín.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Cities; Colombia; Dengue; Dengue Virus; Disease Outbreaks; Epidemiological Monitoring; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Mosquito Vectors; Phylogeny; Severe Dengue; Young Adult
PubMed: 33755586
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0728 -
Transactions of the Royal Society of... Jan 2023Dengue-COVID-19 coinfection is one of the greatest emerging challenges in dengue-endemic areas during the continuing pandemic. With coinciding clinical and laboratory...
BACKGROUND
Dengue-COVID-19 coinfection is one of the greatest emerging challenges in dengue-endemic areas during the continuing pandemic. With coinciding clinical and laboratory pictures, early diagnosis becomes burdensome, with management discrepancy.
METHODS
A descriptive study was performed on dengue-COVID-19 coinfected patients during July-August 2021 for an overview of disease progression, severity and outcome. A total of 11 patients who were positive for dengue NS1 and/or antidengue IgM were included in this study.
RESULTS
In total, 45.5% patients developed severe COVID-19 disease, 45.5% patients developed group B dengue fever and 9% patients developed group C dengue fever. Concurrent severity of both diseases was seen to be rare, except for in one patient.
CONCLUSION
Early diagnosis and compatible management still stand as basic principles to prevent fatality and morbidity.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Dengue; Bangladesh; Coinfection; Pandemics
PubMed: 35443278
DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trac031 -
Current Environmental Health Reports Sep 2021The purpose of this review is to summarize research articles that provide risk estimates for the historical and future impact that climate change has had upon dengue... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The purpose of this review is to summarize research articles that provide risk estimates for the historical and future impact that climate change has had upon dengue published from 2007 through 2019.
RECENT FINDINGS
Findings from 30 studies on historical health estimates, with the majority of the studies conducted in Asia, emphasized the importance of temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity, as well as lag effects, when trying to understand how climate change can impact the risk of contracting dengue. Furthermore, 35 studies presented findings on future health risk based upon climate projection scenarios, with a third of them showcasing global level estimates and findings across the articles emphasizing the need to understand risk at a localized level as the impacts from climate change will be experienced inequitably across different geographies in the future. Dengue is one of the most rapidly spreading viral diseases in the world, with ~390 million people infected worldwide annually. Several factors have contributed towards its proliferation, including climate change. Multiple studies have previously been conducted examining the relationship between dengue and climate change, both from a historical and a future risk perspective. We searched the U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health (NIEHS) Climate Change and Health Portal for literature (spanning January 2007 to September 2019) providing historical and future health risk estimates of contracting dengue infection in relation to climate variables worldwide. With an overview of the evidence of the historical and future health risk posed by dengue from climate change across different regions of the world, this review article enables the research and policy community to understand where the knowledge gaps are and what areas need to be addressed in order to implement localized adaptation measures to mitigate the health risks posed by future dengue infection.
Topics: Asia; Climate Change; Dengue; Forecasting; Humans; Temperature
PubMed: 34269994
DOI: 10.1007/s40572-021-00322-8 -
Paediatrics and International Child... May 2012Dengue fever (DF) is endemic in tropical and subtropical zones and the prevalence is increasing across South-east Asia, Africa, the Western Pacific and the Americas. In... (Review)
Review
Dengue fever (DF) is endemic in tropical and subtropical zones and the prevalence is increasing across South-east Asia, Africa, the Western Pacific and the Americas. In recent years, the spread of unplanned urbanisation, with associated substandard housing, overcrowding and deterioration in water, sewage and waste management systems, has created ideal conditions for increased transmission of the dengue virus in tropical urban centres. While dengue infection has traditionally been considered a paediatric disease, the age distribution of dengue has been rising and more cases have been observed in adolescents and adults. Furthermore, the development of tourism in the tropics has led to an increase in the number of tourists who become infected, most of whom are adults. Symptoms and risk factors for dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and severe dengue differ between children and adults, with co-morbidities and incidence in more elderly patients associated with greater risk of mortality. Treatment options for DF and DHF in adults, as for children, centre round fluid replacement (either orally or intravenously, depending on severity) and antipyretics. Further data are needed on the optimal treatment of adult patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Antipyretics; Dengue; Endemic Diseases; Fluid Therapy; Global Health; Humans; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Travel; Tropical Climate; Urban Population; Urbanization
PubMed: 22668446
DOI: 10.1179/2046904712Z.00000000049 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Aug 2014Dengue is the most common arboviral disease of humans. There is an unmet need for a therapeutic intervention that reduces the duration and severity of dengue symptoms... (Review)
Review
Dengue is the most common arboviral disease of humans. There is an unmet need for a therapeutic intervention that reduces the duration and severity of dengue symptoms and diminishes the likelihood of severe complications. To this end, there are active discovery efforts in industry and academia to develop interventions, with a focus on small molecule inhibitors of dengue virus replication that are suitable for therapy or chemoprophylaxis. Advancements in animal models of dengue virus infection together with the possibility of a dengue human infection model have further enhanced the platform for dengue drug discovery. Whilst drug discovery efforts gestate, there are ongoing clinical research designed to benefit today's patients, including trials of supportive care interventions, and descriptive studies that should improve the ability of clinicians to make an accurate diagnosis early in the illness course and to identify patients most at risk of progression to severe disease. This review provides a state of the art summary of dengue drug discovery, clinical trials, and supportive allied research and reflects discussions at the 2nd International Dengue Therapeutics Workshop held in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, in December 2013.
Topics: Animals; Antiviral Agents; Chemoprevention; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dengue; Humans; Macaca mulatta; Mice
PubMed: 25166493
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003025 -
Microbiology Spectrum Dec 2014Dengue provides the most abundant example in human medicine and the greatest human illness burden caused by the phenomenon of intrinsic antibody-dependent infection... (Review)
Review
Dengue provides the most abundant example in human medicine and the greatest human illness burden caused by the phenomenon of intrinsic antibody-dependent infection enhancement (iADE). In this immunopathological phenomenon infection of monocytes or macrophages using infectious immune complexes suppresses innate antiviral systems, permitting logarithmic intracellular growth of dengue virus. The four dengue viruses evolved from a common ancestor yet retain similar ecology and pathogenicity, but although infection with one virus provides short-term cross-protection against infection with a different type, millions of secondary dengue infections occur worldwide each year. When individuals are infected in the virtual absence of cross-protective dengue antibodies, the dengue vascular permeability syndrome (DVPS) may ensue. This occurs in around 2 to 4% of second heterotypic dengue infections. A complete understanding of the biologic mechanism of iADE, dengue biology, and the mechanism of host responses to dengue infection should lead to a comprehensive and complete understanding of the pathogenesis of DVPS. A crucial emphasis must be placed on understanding ADE. Clinical and epidemiological observations of DVPS define the research questions and provide research parameters. This article will review knowledge related to dengue ADE and point to areas where there has been little research progress. These observations relate to the two stages of dengue illnesses: afferent phenomena are those that promote the success of the microorganism to infect and survive; efferent phenomena are those mounted by the host to inhibit infection and replication and to eliminate the infectious agent and infected tissues. Data will be discussed as "knowns" and "unknowns."
Topics: Antibodies, Viral; Antibody-Dependent Enhancement; Dengue; Dengue Virus; Humans
PubMed: 26104444
DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.AID-0022-2014