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The International Journal of... May 2021SIRT4 is a mitochondrial sirtuin. Owing to its dependance on the cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), SIRT4 can act as a mitochondrial metabolic sensor of...
INTRODUCTION
SIRT4 is a mitochondrial sirtuin. Owing to its dependance on the cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), SIRT4 can act as a mitochondrial metabolic sensor of cellular energy status. We have previously shown that enhancement of mitochondrial functions is vital for the odontogenic diff ;erentiation of dental papilla cells (DPCs) during dentinogenesis. However, whether SIRT4 serves as an effective regulator of DPC diff ;erentiation by affecting mitochondrial functions remains unexplored.
METHODS
Primary DPCs obtained from the first molar dental papilla of neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. The expression pattern of SIRT4 was observed by immunohistochemistry in the first molar of postnatal day 1 (P1) rats. The changes in SIRT4 expression during odontogenic DPC differentiation were evaluated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blotting, and immunofluorescence. DPCs with loss (small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown) and gain (plasmid transfection-induced overexpression) of SIRT4 function were used to explore the role of SIRT4 in odontogenic differentiation. Mitochondrial function assays were performed using ATP, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and NAD/NADH kits to investigate the potential mechanisms involved in SIRT4-mediated dentinogenesis.
RESULTS
In the present study, we found that SIRT4 expression increased in a time-dependent manner during odontogenic differentiation bothin vivo and in vitro. Sirt4 knockdown resulted in reduced odontogenic differentiation and mineralization, whereas an opposite effect was observed with SIRT4 overexpression. Furthermore, our results verified that in addition to reducing DPC differentiation, Sirt4 knockdown could also significantly reduce ATP levels, elevate the NAD/NADH ratio, and increase ROS levels.
CONCLUSION
SIRT4 regulates mitochondrial functions and the antioxidant capacity of DPCs, thereby influencing dentin formation and tooth development, a phenomenon that may provide a foundation for better understanding the specific molecular mechanisms underlying dentin regeneration.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cell Differentiation; Dental Papilla; Mitochondria; Models, Animal; Odontogenesis; Primary Cell Culture; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species; Sirtuins
PubMed: 33636397
DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.105962 -
Brazilian Oral Research 2019Soft tissue defects around dental implants, such as papilla or volume loss, peri-implant recession and alterations of the ridge color and/or texture, lead to esthetic... (Review)
Review
Soft tissue defects around dental implants, such as papilla or volume loss, peri-implant recession and alterations of the ridge color and/or texture, lead to esthetic and functional complaints. Treatments of these defects in implants are more demanding than in teeth because peri-implant tissue exhibits different anatomical and histological characteristics. This narrative review discusses the proposed treatments for soft tissue defects around implants in the current literature. Several clinical and pre-clinical studies addressed methods to augment the quantity of the peri-implant keratinized mucosa. Autogenous grafts performed better than soft tissue substitutes in the treatment of soft tissue defects, but there is no clinical consensus on the more appropriate donor area for connective tissue grafts. Treatment for facial volume loss, alterations on the mucosa color or texture and shallow peri-implant recessions are more predictable than deep recessions and sites that present loss of papilla. Correction of peri-implant soft tissue defects may be challenging, especially in areas that exhibit larger defects and interproximal loss. Therefore, the regeneration of soft and hard tissues during implant treatment is important to prevent the occurrence of these alterations.
Topics: Alveolar Bone Loss; Bone-Anchored Prosthesis; Bone-Implant Interface; Dental Implants; Face; Gingival Recession; Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31576957
DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0073 -
European Review For Medical and... Jul 2019The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of melatonin on mitochondria of dental papilla cells (DPCs) during the odontogenic differentiation process.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of melatonin on mitochondria of dental papilla cells (DPCs) during the odontogenic differentiation process.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Primary DPCs were obtained from the first molar dental papilla of neonatal rats and cultured in osteogenic (OS) or basal medium supplemented with melatonin at different concentrations (0, 1 pM, 0.1 nM, 10 nM, and 1 μM) for differentiation in vitro. Effects of melatonin on differentiation, mitochondrial respiratory function, and mitochondrial biogenesis of DPCs were analyzed.
RESULTS
Upon odontogenic induction, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), and dentin matrix protein (DMP1) expression were significantly enhanced, with a peaked expression at 10 nM of melatonin treatment. During DPCs differentiation, 10 nM melatonin could significantly induce the increase of intracellular Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the decrease of the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)/NADH ratio and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The mRNA and protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1), and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) were significantly increased, and the peak level of expression was found in cells treated with 10 nM of melatonin. Furthermore, the mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) copy number was significantly decreased during DPCs differentiation.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that melatonin can promote the differentiation of rat DPCs and regulate mitochondrial energy metabolism, ROS scavenging, and mitochondrial biogenesis.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Dental Papilla; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Melatonin; Mitochondria; Organelle Biogenesis; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 31298348
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201907_18343 -
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... 2017The human gingiva, characterized by its outstanding scarless wound healing properties, is a unique tissue and a pivotal component of the periodontal apparatus, investing...
The human gingiva, characterized by its outstanding scarless wound healing properties, is a unique tissue and a pivotal component of the periodontal apparatus, investing and surrounding the teeth in their sockets in the alveolar bone. In the last year's gingival mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (GMSCs), with promising regenerative and immunomodulatory properties, have been isolated and characterized from the gingival lamina propria. These cells, in contrast to other mesenchymal stem/progenitor cell (MSC) sources, are abundant, readily accessible and easily obtainable through minimally invasive cell isolation techniques. This short communication summarizes the current scientific evidence on GMSCs.
PubMed: 28932043
DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.JOMFP_162_17 -
Frontiers in Genetics 2021Bmp2 is essential for dentin development and formation. Bmp2 conditional knock-out (KO) mice display a similar tooth phenotype of dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI). To...
Bmp2 is essential for dentin development and formation. Bmp2 conditional knock-out (KO) mice display a similar tooth phenotype of dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI). To elucidate a foundation for subsequent functional studies of cross talk between mRNAs and lncRNAs in Bmp2-mediated dentinogenesis, we investigated the profiling of lncRNAs and mRNAs using immortalized mouse dental Bmp2 flox/flox (iBmp2) and Bmp2 knock-out (iBmp2) papilla cells. RNA sequencing was implemented to study the expression of the lncRNAs and mRNAs. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to validate expressions of lncRNAs and mRNAs. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases were used to predict functions of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Protein-protein interaction (PPI) and lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network were analyzed by using bioinformatics methods. As a result, a total of 22 differentially expressed lncRNAs (16 downregulated vs 6 upregulated) and 227 differentially expressed mRNAs (133 downregulated vs. 94 upregulated) were identified in the iBmp2 cells compared with those of the iBmp2 cells. RT-qPCR results showed significantly differential expressions of several lncRNAs and mRNAs which were consistent with the RNA-seq data. GO and KEGG analyses showed differentially expressed genes were closely related to cell differentiation, transcriptional regulation, and developmentally relevant signaling pathways. Moreover, network-based bioinformatics analysis depicted the co-expression network between lncRNAs and mRNAs regulated by Bmp2 in mouse dental papilla cells and symmetrically analyzed the effect of Bmp2 during dentinogenesis via coding and non-coding RNA signaling.
PubMed: 35003201
DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.702540 -
Dental Research Journal May 2013In recent years, clinician and dentist's esthetic demand in dentistry have increased rapidly, driven by an enhanced awareness of beauty and esthetics. The ultimate goal... (Review)
Review
In recent years, clinician and dentist's esthetic demand in dentistry have increased rapidly, driven by an enhanced awareness of beauty and esthetics. The ultimate goal in modern restorative dentistry is to achieve "white" and "pink" esthetics in esthetically important zones. "White esthetics" is the natural dentition or the restoration of dental hard tissues with suitable materials. "Pink esthetics" refers to the surrounding soft-tissues, which includes the interdental papilla and gingiva that can enhance or diminish the esthetic result. Reconstruction of the lost interdental papilla is one of the most challenging and least predictable problems. Restoration and maintenance of these tissues with adequate surgical and prosthetic techniques are a real challenge in modern esthetic dentistry. Treatment of marginal tissue recession, excessive gingival display, deficient ridges, ridge collapse, and esthetic defects around teeth and implants are some of the esthetic problems associated with the interdental papilla that have to be corrected in todays scenario which has been discussed in this review.
PubMed: 24019795
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Oral Biology and... 2021Although dental pulp and apical papilla are originated from neural crest cells, these tissues exhibit distinct characteristics. Notch signaling is one of the known...
Although dental pulp and apical papilla are originated from neural crest cells, these tissues exhibit distinct characteristics. Notch signaling is one of the known signaling pathways regulating stemness and behaviors of stem cells. The aim of this study was to examine Notch signaling related gene expression profile comparing between coronal pulp tissues and apical pulp complex. Results demonstrated that coronal pulp tissue had higher expression levels of various genes in Notch pathway. However, , , , and mRNA levels were significantly lower in coronal pulp tissue than those of apical pulp complex. Furthermore, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and stem cells isolated from apical papilla (SCAPs) were isolated and characterized. These two cell types exhibited similar mesenchymal stem cell surface markers. DPSCs expressed higher mRNA levels of and . In addition, SCAPs demonstrated higher colony formation and cell proliferation than DPSCs. In summary, cells and tissues from dental pulp and apical papilla exhibited the distinct gene expression profile of Notch related genes. This could be of one the signaling participated in control of DPSCs and SCAPs cells behaviors.
PubMed: 33996433
DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2021.04.004 -
Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews Jun 2012Recently, dental stem and progenitor cells have been harvested from periodontal tissues such as dental pulp, periodontal ligament, follicle, and papilla. These cells... (Review)
Review
Recently, dental stem and progenitor cells have been harvested from periodontal tissues such as dental pulp, periodontal ligament, follicle, and papilla. These cells have received extensive attention in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their accessibility and multilineage differentiation capacity. These dental stem and progenitor cells are known to be derived from ectomesenchymal origin formed during tooth development. A great deal of research has been accomplished for directing osteoblastic/cementoblastic differentiation and neural differentiation from dental stem cells. To differentiate dental stem cells for use in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, there needs to be efficient in vitro differentiation toward the osteoblastic/cementoblastic and neural lineage with well-defined and proficient protocols. This would reduce the likelihood of spontaneous differentiation into divergent lineages and increase the available cell source. This review focuses on the multilineage differentiation capacity, especially into osteoblastic/cementoblastic lineage and neural lineages, of dental stem cells such as dental pulp stem cells (DPSC), dental follicle stem cells (DFSC), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSC), and dental papilla stem cells (DPPSC). It also covers various experimental strategies that could be used to direct lineage-specific differentiation, and their potential applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Dental Cementum; Humans; Neurons; Osteoblasts; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cells; Tissue Engineering; Tooth
PubMed: 22224548
DOI: 10.1089/ten.TEB.2011.0642 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Jul 2022To assess papilla level using different techniques in a second stage dental implant surgery.
OBJECTIVES
To assess papilla level using different techniques in a second stage dental implant surgery.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty patients who received 45 dental implants were equally divided into 3 groups of 10 each. Group I patients were operated with a scalpel with mid-crestal incision. In group II, dental implants were exposed with a gallium-aluminum-arsenide diode laser. In group III, dental implants were exposed with I shaped incision using a scalpel. Assessment of modified gingival index (mGI), modified plaque index (mPI), and Jemt index were performed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. The measurement of FAJI, FAJAdj, ST height, and CP Bone crest was performed.
RESULTS
A significant difference in crestal bone level of FAJ- I, FAJ- adj, ST height, and CP Bone crest was recorded at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months among groups I, II, and III ( < 0.05). At 6 months, both groups II and III exhibited >60% of papilla fill as compared to group I.
CONCLUSION
Diode laser offers maximum papillary fill and resulted in less crestal bone loss as compared to mid-crestal and I shaped incision during a second stage surgery.
PubMed: 36110672
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_115_22 -
Acta Stomatologica Croatica Dec 2019The aim this study was to evaluate the factors that influence the presence or absence of the interproximal papilla between implants adjacent to the teeth or other...
AIM
The aim this study was to evaluate the factors that influence the presence or absence of the interproximal papilla between implants adjacent to the teeth or other implants, through clinical and radiographic evaluation.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The non-probabilistic sample comprised 44 patients of both genders aged between 21 and 68 years, rehabilitated with 114 osseointegrated implants. Through a retrospective clinical study, the patients were divided according to the presence or absence of the interproximal papilla: Group 1 - Absence of Papilla, Group 2 - Partial Presence of Papilla and Group 3 - Total Presence of Papilla. The success of the implants, the periodontal biotype, and the vertical and horizontal distances of the interproximal regions included in the study were evaluated.
RESULTS
Of the 114 implants, 46.5% were considered unsuccessful, and bleeding was present in 29.8%. The periodontal biotype presented as thin and scalloped was found in 85.1% of the regions. The evaluation of the groups according to the confirmation of the interproximal space showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.007), with 61.9% of the wide and long interproximal spaces classified as Group 1, while 31% of the narrow and short interproximal spaces were classified as Group 3.
CONCLUSION
It was concluded that the morphology of the interproximal space was the factor that was most strongly associated with the presence or absence of the interproximal papilla.
PubMed: 32099259
DOI: 10.15644/asc53/4/4