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Journal of Esthetic and Restorative... Jan 2021To provide a contemporary and comprehensive overview of the hard and soft tissue biological structures surrounding an osseointegrated dental implant (peri-implant... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To provide a contemporary and comprehensive overview of the hard and soft tissue biological structures surrounding an osseointegrated dental implant (peri-implant referred to as the peri-implant phenotype), in the context of peri-implant esthetic complications.
OVERVIEW
The individual components of the peri-implant phenotype (keratinized mucosa width, mucosal thickness, supracrestal tissue height, and the peri-implant buccal bone) have been linked to different aspects of implant esthetics, as well as health-related aspects. At the time of implant therapy, respecting the biology of the peri-implant hard and soft tissues, and anticipating their remodeling patterns can alleviate future esthetic complications.
CONCLUSIONS
While the current literature may not allow for a point-by-point evidence based-recommendation for the required amount of each peri-implant structure, bearing in mind the proposed values for the components of the peri-implant phenotype, at the time of and prior to implant therapy can lead to more predictable treatment outcomes, and the avoidance of esthetic complications.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Knowledge of hard and soft tissue components surrounding and osseointegrated dental implant, and their underlying biological remodeling process is crucial for carrying out a successful therapy and alleviating possible future esthetic challenges.
Topics: Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants; Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; Esthetics, Dental; Phenotype
PubMed: 33459483
DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12709 -
International Journal of Oral Science Jan 2019Tooth enamel is a complex mineralized tissue consisting of long and parallel apatite crystals configured into decussating enamel rods. In recent years, multiple... (Review)
Review
Tooth enamel is a complex mineralized tissue consisting of long and parallel apatite crystals configured into decussating enamel rods. In recent years, multiple approaches have been introduced to generate or regenerate this highly attractive biomaterial characterized by great mechanical strength paired with relative resilience and tissue compatibility. In the present review, we discuss five pathways toward enamel tissue engineering, (i) enamel synthesis using physico-chemical means, (ii) protein matrix-guided enamel crystal growth, (iii) enamel surface remineralization, (iv) cell-based enamel engineering, and (v) biological enamel regeneration based on de novo induction of tooth morphogenesis. So far, physical synthesis approaches using extreme environmental conditions such as pH, heat and pressure have resulted in the formation of enamel-like crystal assemblies. Biochemical methods relying on enamel proteins as templating matrices have aided the growth of elongated calcium phosphate crystals. To illustrate the validity of this biochemical approach we have successfully grown enamel-like apatite crystals organized into decussating enamel rods using an organic enamel protein matrix. Other studies reviewed here have employed amelogenin-derived peptides or self-assembling dendrimers to re-mineralize mineral-depleted white lesions on tooth surfaces. So far, cell-based enamel tissue engineering has been hampered by the limitations of presently existing ameloblast cell lines. Going forward, these limitations may be overcome by new cell culture technologies. Finally, whole-tooth regeneration through reactivation of the signaling pathways triggered during natural enamel development represents a biological avenue toward faithful enamel regeneration. In the present review we have summarized the state of the art in enamel tissue engineering and provided novel insights into future opportunities to regenerate this arguably most fascinating of all dental tissues.
Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Amelogenin; Biomimetics; Dental Enamel; Dental Enamel Proteins; Dentistry; Tissue Engineering; Tooth Remineralization
PubMed: 30610185
DOI: 10.1038/s41368-018-0038-6 -
BMC Oral Health Aug 2018This report is a presentation of a clinical case that follows a full digital workflow.
BACKGROUND
This report is a presentation of a clinical case that follows a full digital workflow.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 47-year old man presented with pain in the TMJ (temporomandibular joint) and whose aesthetic concern was having a chipped maxillary central incisor veneer. The concern was solved following a fully digital workflow: it was applied the digital smile design protocol, as well as CAD-CAM monolithic lithium disilicate ceramic veneers and crowns (following a minimal invasive preparation approach). The aim of this rehabilitation was to solve a loss of vertical dimension, subsequent aesthetics and temporomandibular joint disorders.
CONCLUSION
Thanks to the evolution of technology in dentistry, it is possible to do a full digital case and solve problems such as loss of vertical dimension successfully. Nevertheless, more clinical studies are needed to obtain consistent results about the digital work flow compared to the conventional technique in loss of vertical dimension cases.
Topics: Computer-Aided Design; Crowns; Dental Prosthesis Design; Dental Veneers; Esthetics, Dental; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Dental; Radiography, Dental, Digital; Radiography, Panoramic; Smiling; Vertical Dimension; Workflow
PubMed: 30086753
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0597-0 -
Journal of Dentistry May 2020This study aimed to assess the survival and success of glass fiber posts compared to cast metal posts in teeth without ferrule. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to assess the survival and success of glass fiber posts compared to cast metal posts in teeth without ferrule.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
An equivalency, prospective, double-blind (patient and outcome evaluator) randomized controlled trial (RCT) with parallel groups was designed to compare the clinical performance of cast metal and glass fiber posts cemented in endodontically treated teeth without ferrule (NCT01461239). Teeth were randomly allocated to the glass fiber or cast-metal post groups. All teeth were restored with single metal-ceramic crowns. Kaplan-Meier analysis with the log-rank test was used to test the success and survival between glass fiber and cast metal posts considering a cut-off value of P = 0.05. The annual failure rates were calculated considering the survival data for all restorations and separated by type of post after five years.
RESULTS
A hundred and nineteen patients and 183 posts (72 cast metal posts and 111 glass fiber posts) were analyzed. The median follow-up was 62 months (IQR 37-81). The log-rank test for success (P = 0.26) and survival (P = 0.63) analyses did not present statistically significant differences. The AFR of both posts after 5 years was 1.5%. Considering the posts separately and after 5 years, cast metal posts presented AFR of 1.2% and glass fiber posts AFR of 1.7%. Most failures were in posterior teeth (16/23), 10 failures were classified as root fractures and 5 as post debonding. The follow-up rate was 95.3%.
CONCLUSIONS
Glass fiber and cast metal posts showed good and similar clinical performance.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Results of this randomized controlled trial can help dentists to answer how the best technique to rehabilitate endodontically treated teeth with no remaining coronal wall.
Topics: Composite Resins; Crowns; Dental Stress Analysis; Glass; Humans; Metals; Post and Core Technique; Tooth Fractures; Tooth, Nonvital
PubMed: 32302640
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103334 -
Journal of Prosthodontic Research Jan 2022Dental implant therapy is a common clinical treatment for missing teeth. However, the esthetic result is not as satisfactory as expected in some cases, especially in the...
PURPOSE
Dental implant therapy is a common clinical treatment for missing teeth. However, the esthetic result is not as satisfactory as expected in some cases, especially in the anterior maxillary area. Poor esthetic results are caused by inadequate preparation of the hard and soft tissues in this area before treatment. The socket shield technique may be an alternative for a desirable esthetic outcome in dental implant treatments.
STUDY SELECTION
In the present systematic review, PubMed-Medline, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect were searched for clinical studies published from January 2000 to December 2018.
RESULTS
Twenty studies were included, comprising one randomized controlled trial, two cohort studies, 14 clinical human case reports, and three retrospective case series. In total, 288 patients treated with the socket shield technique with immediate implant placement and follow-up between 3-60 months after placement were included. A quality assessment showed that 12 of the 20 included studies were of good quality. Twenty-six of the 274 (9.5%) cases developed complications or adverse effects related to the socket shield technique. Most studies reported implant survival without the complications (90.5%); most of the cases that were followed up for more than 12 months after implant placement achieved a good esthetic appearance. The failure rate was low without the complications, although there were some failures due to failed implant osseointegration, socket shield mobility and infection, socket shield exposure, socket shield migration, and apical root resorption.
CONCLUSIONS
The socket shield technique can be used in dental implant treatment, but it remains difficult to predict the long-term success of this technique until high-quality evidence becomes available.
Topics: Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants; Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; Esthetics, Dental; Humans; Immediate Dental Implant Loading; Retrospective Studies; Tooth Extraction; Tooth Socket; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33692284
DOI: 10.2186/jpr.JPR_D_20_00054 -
Australian Dental Journal Jun 2011Improved dental adhesive technology has extensively influenced modern concepts in restorative dentistry. In light of minimal-invasive dentistry, this new approach... (Review)
Review
Improved dental adhesive technology has extensively influenced modern concepts in restorative dentistry. In light of minimal-invasive dentistry, this new approach promotes a more conservative cavity design, which basically relies on the effectiveness of current enamel-dentine adhesives. Nowadays, the interaction of adhesives with the dental substrate is based on two different strategies, commonly described as an etch-and-rinse and a self-etch approach. In an attempt to simplify the bonding technique, manufacturers have decreased the number of steps necessary for the accomplishment of the bonding procedure. As a consequence, two-step etch-and-rinse and one-step (self-etch) adhesives were introduced and gained rapid popularity in the dental market due to their claimed user-friendliness and lower technique sensitivity. However, many concerns have been raised on the bonding effectiveness of these simplified adhesives, especially in terms of durability, although this tends to be very material dependent. In order to blend all the adhesive components into one single solution, one-step adhesives were made more acidic and hydrophilic. Unfortunately, these properties induce a wide variety of seemingly unrelated problems that may jeopardize the effectiveness and stability of adhesion to the dental substrate. Being more susceptible to water sorption and thus nanoleakage, these adhesives are more prone to bond degradation and tend to fail prematurely as compared to their multi-step counterparts. Incidentally, another factor that may interfere with the bonding effectiveness of adhesives is the technique used for caries removal and cavity preparation. Several tools are on the market today to effectively remove carious tissue, thereby respecting the current trend of minimum intervention. Despite their promising performance, such techniques modify the tooth substrate in different aspects, possibly affecting bonding effectiveness. Altogether, we may conclude that not only the adhesive formulation, but also substrate nature must be taken into account to achieve a stable bonding interface, rendering the restorative treatment more predictable in terms of clinical performance. In this review, we analyse the current theoretical and clinical aspects of adhesion to enamel and dentine, and discuss the diverse possibilities to overcome problems which nowadays still challenge clinicians in their achievement of a more stable and effective bond to tooth enamel and dentine.
Topics: Adhesiveness; Adhesives; Dental Bonding; Dental Cavity Preparation; Dental Enamel; Dental Etching; Dental Stress Analysis; Dentin; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Humans
PubMed: 21564114
DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2011.01294.x -
Journal of Oral Science 2018Accurate impressions are essential in fabri-cating dental restorations and fixed dental prostheses. During the last decade, digital impression systems have improved... (Review)
Review
Accurate impressions are essential in fabri-cating dental restorations and fixed dental prostheses. During the last decade, digital impression systems have improved substantially. This review discusses the accuracy of digital impression systems for fabrication of dental restorations and fixed dental prostheses. A literature search in PubMed was performed for the period from July 2010 through June 2017. The search keywords were Cerec, digital impression, direct digitalization, indirect digitalization, and intraoral scanner. Only relevant studies are summarized and discussed in this review. In general, the latest systems have considerably reduced the time required for impression making, and the accuracy and marginal fit of digital impression systems have recently improved. Restorations and fixed dental prostheses fabricated with currently available digital impression systems and intraoral scanners exhibit clinically acceptable ranges of marginal gap in both direct and indirect procedures.
Topics: Computer-Aided Design; Dental Impression Technique; Dental Prosthesis Design; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Humans; Mouth; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 29576569
DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.17-0444 -
Australian Dental Journal Jun 2008Today the clinician is faced with widely varying concepts regarding the number, location, distribution and inclination of implants required to support the functional and... (Review)
Review
Today the clinician is faced with widely varying concepts regarding the number, location, distribution and inclination of implants required to support the functional and parafunctional demands of occlusal loading. Primary clinical dilemmas of planning for maximal or minimal numbers of implants, their axial inclination, lengths and required volume and quality of supporting bone remain largely unanswered by adequate clinical outcome research. Planning and executing optimal occlusion schemes is an integral part of implant supported restorations. In its wider sense this includes considerations of multiple inter-relating factors of ensuring adequate bone support, implant location number, length, distribution and inclination, splinting, vertical dimension aesthetics, static and dynamic occlusal schemes and more. Current concepts and research on occlusal loading and overloading are reviewed together with clinical outcome and biomechanical studies and their clinical relevance discussed. A comparison between teeth and implants regarding their proprioceptive properties and mechanisms of supporting functional and parafunctional loading is made and clinical applications made regarding current concepts in restoring the partially edentulous dentition. The relevance of occlusal traumatism and fatigue microdamage alone or in combination with periodontal or peri-implant inflammation is reviewed and applied to clinical considerations regarding splinting of adjacent implants and teeth, posterior support and eccentric guidance schemes. Occlusal restoration of the natural dentition has classically been divided into considerations of planning for sufficient posterior support, occlusal vertical dimension and eccentric guidance to provide comfort and aesthetics. Mutual protection and anterior disclusion have come to be considered as acceptable therapeutic modalities. These concepts have been transferred to the restoration of implant-supported restoration largely by default. However, in light of differences in the supporting mechanisms of implants and teeth many questions remain unanswered regarding the suitability of these modalities for implant supported restorations. These will be discussed and an attempt made to provide some current clinical axioms based where possible on the best available evidence.
Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Bite Force; Dental Implants; Dental Occlusion; Dental Prosthesis Design; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; Humans; Patient Care Planning; Stress, Mechanical
PubMed: 18498587
DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2008.00043.x -
Head & Face Medicine Jul 2021Orthodontic retention aims to maintain optimal teeth positions after active treatment. The stability is affected by numerous factors, including patients' individual... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Orthodontic retention aims to maintain optimal teeth positions after active treatment. The stability is affected by numerous factors, including patients' individual features, thus retention should be adjusted in the most optimal way. Bonding a retainer makes retention less dependent on patient's compliance.
QUESTIONS ARISE
What wire or fiber splint type provides the best treatment stability? What materials should be used to bond the wire or fiber splint? Should be the bonding procedure be direct or indirect? The aim of the study is to assess and synthesize available controlled trials investigating failures of fixed retainers.
METHODS
Literature searches of free text and MeSH terms were performed in Scopus, Web of Science, Embase and PubMed Central in order to find studies, referring to failures of fixed retention (12th February 2021). The keywords were: ("orthodontic retainers AND failure AND wire"). The framework of this systematic review according to PICO was: Population: orthodontic patients; Intervention: fixed orthodontic retainer bonding; Comparison: Different protocols of fixed orthodontic retention applied; Outcomes: failure rate, survival rate. Three different specific scales from the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook were used, according to each study type. Additionally, a meta-analysis was conducted to compare the effectiveness of retention using fiber reinforced composite and multistranded steel wire.
RESULTS
The search identified 177 potential articles: 114 from PubMed, 41 from Scopus, 20 from Web of Science and 2 from Embase. After excluding studies inconsistent with selection criteria, 21 studies were included and subjected to qualitative analysis. The main outcome investigated was failure rate. This systematic review has some potential limitations due to the heterogeneity of design between included studies.
CONCLUSIONS
No retainer is proved to guarantee a perfect stability of dental alignment. The retainer should be bonded to all adherent teeth, preferably with additional use of bonding resin. No wire or fiber splint present superior characteristics concerning failure rate. Fiber reinforced composite retention is more sensitive to operator skills, and with imperfect bonding technique, failure rate is much higher. During the first 6 months after bonding retainer the patient should be under frequent control. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO database with the number CRD42021233406.
Topics: Dental Bonding; Humans; Orthodontic Appliance Design; Orthodontic Retainers; Orthodontic Wires
PubMed: 34301280
DOI: 10.1186/s13005-021-00281-3 -
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative... Nov 2019The unavoidable extraction of teeth in the esthetic area can be overcome through different treatment modalities. Recently, immediate implants appeared as a minimally...
OBJECTIVE
The unavoidable extraction of teeth in the esthetic area can be overcome through different treatment modalities. Recently, immediate implants appeared as a minimally invasive approach to resolving these cases; however, immediate implant loading is not always possible or indicated. In these cases, an innovative approach through customized healing abutments could be used to preserve the soft tissue contour, eliminating the need for reopening surgery and the use of provisional restorations to condition the mucosal contour.
CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS
The present cases describe a simplified chairside approach to use customized healing abutments for immediate implants placed after tooth extraction in the anterior and posterior areas in order to maintain the soft tissue contours while reducing the clinical steps until delivering the final restorations.
CONCLUSIONS
This technique seems to be effective to guide the soft tissue healing around dental implants allowing a natural emergence profile with implant-supported restorations, reducing the number of treatment steps.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The use of customized healing abutments prepares soft tissue for the prosthetic stage preserving its contours and eliminating the need for reopening surgery.
Topics: Dental Abutments; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants; Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; Humans; Immediate Dental Implant Loading; Tooth Extraction
PubMed: 31268244
DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12512