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Environmental Health : a Global Access... Nov 2018Cycling and other forms of active transportation provide health benefits via increased physical activity. However, direct evidence of the extent to which these benefits... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Cycling and other forms of active transportation provide health benefits via increased physical activity. However, direct evidence of the extent to which these benefits may be offset by exposure and intake of traffic-related air pollution is limited. The purpose of this study is to measure changes in endothelial function, measures of oxidative stress and inflammation, and lung function in healthy participants before and after cycling along a high- and low- traffic route.
METHODS
Participants (n = 38) bicycled for 1 h along a Downtown and a Residential designated bicycle route in a randomized crossover trial. Heart rate, power output, particulate matter air pollution (PM, PM, and PM) and particle number concentration (PNC) were measured. Lung function, endothelial function (reactive hyperemia index, RHI), C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine were assessed within one hour pre- and post-trial.
RESULTS
Geometric mean PNC exposures and intakes were higher along the Downtown (exposure = 16,226 particles/cm; intake = 4.54 × 10 particles) compared to the Residential route (exposure = 9367 particles/cm; intake = 3.13 × 10 particles). RHI decreased following cycling along the Downtown route and increased on the Residential route; in mixed linear regression models, the (post-pre) change in RHI was 21% lower following cycling on the Downtown versus the Residential route (-0.43, 95% CI: -0.79, -0.079) but RHI decreases were not associated with measured exposure or intake of air pollutants. The differences in RHI by route were larger amongst females and older participants. No consistent associations were observed for any of the other outcome measures.
CONCLUSIONS
Although PNC exposures and intakes were higher along the Downtown route, the lack of association between air pollutant exposure or intake with RHI and other measures suggests other exposures related to cycling on the Downtown route may have been influential in the observed differences between routes in RHI.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01708356 . Registered 16 October 2012.
Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Adult; Air Pollutants; Bicycling; British Columbia; C-Reactive Protein; Cities; Cross-Over Studies; Deoxyguanosine; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; Interleukin-6; Male; Particulate Matter; Respiratory Function Tests; Young Adult
PubMed: 30428890
DOI: 10.1186/s12940-018-0424-8 -
Investigative and Clinical Urology Jul 2018In this study, we aimed to explain the role of oxidative stress in women with overactive bladder (OAB) by investigating the levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine...
PURPOSE
In this study, we aimed to explain the role of oxidative stress in women with overactive bladder (OAB) by investigating the levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a marker of oxidative DNA damage, and malondialdehyde (MDA), an indicator of lipid peroxidation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 90 women were included in the study: 45 female patients diagnosed with OAB at Hopa State Hospital Urology Polyclinic and 45 healthy women without any metabolic or neurologic disease. Levels of MDA and 8-OHdG were measured in 24-hour urine samples for all subjects.
RESULTS
Urinary levels of MDA and 8-OHdG were significantly higher in the OAB group than in the control group (p<0.001). A significant positive correlation (p<0.001) was found between the measurements of 8-OHdG and MDA.
CONCLUSIONS
Oxidative stress may be important in the pathophysiology of OAB, because levels of 8-OHdG and MDA are increased. Increased levels of 8-OHdG may be due to damaged nuclear and mitochondrial DNA as a result of oxidative attacks caused by free radicals. Nevertheless, further randomized and prospective studies with larger patient populations are needed.
Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Deoxyguanosine; Female; Humans; Lipid Peroxidation; Malondialdehyde; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Urinary Bladder, Overactive
PubMed: 29984340
DOI: 10.4111/icu.2018.59.4.252 -
Redox Biology Jul 2020Chronic inflammation is estimated to be a causative factor in a variety of diseases. Under inflammatory conditions reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen species...
Chronic inflammation is estimated to be a causative factor in a variety of diseases. Under inflammatory conditions reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) are released leading to DNA damage accumulation and genomic instability. Purine 5',8-cyclo-2'-deoxynucleosides (cPu) are oxidative DNA lesions, exclusively derived from the attack of HO radicals, which are known to have cytotoxic and mutagenic properties. Herein, we have analyzed the presence of cPu in genomic DNA isolated from fresh colon and visceral adipose tissue biopsies collected from inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)-affected patients and severely obese subjects, respectively, versus what observed in the control specimens. In colon biopsies, characterized by a higher gene expression level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), a significant increase of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyadenosine (8-oxo-dA) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) lesions and an accumulation of both diastereomeric cPu have been detected. In contrast, the 8-oxo-dA and 8-oxo-dG levels were extremely lower compared to the colon tissues values and no accumulation of cPu, in the inflamed visceral adipose tissue biopsies isolated from bariatric patients versus the lean counterpart was reported. In addition, in adipose tissue undetectable levels of iNOS have been found. These data suggest a potential involvement of cPu in the colon cancer susceptibility observed in IBD patients.
Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; DNA; DNA Damage; Deoxyguanosine; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 32413746
DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101562 -
Medical Science Monitor : International... Aug 20138-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is one of the most abundant oxidatively modified lesions in DNA and is a marker of the oxidative stress. 8-OHdG is a mutagenic...
BACKGROUND
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is one of the most abundant oxidatively modified lesions in DNA and is a marker of the oxidative stress. 8-OHdG is a mutagenic lesion and it can mispair with adenine, causing G:C→T: A transversion. Our task was to determine the 8-OHdG level in patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma directly in tumor tissues and corresponding normal mucosa.
MATERIAL/METHODS
Samples of tumor tissues and corresponding normal mucosa of 47 patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer were analyzed. DNA was isolated from both tumor and normal tissues. Then, DNA was hydrolyzed to nucleotides using nuclease P1 and alkaline phosphatase. The 8-OHdG and 2'-dG (2'-deoxyguanosine) were determined in hydrolysates by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical (EC) and UV detector.
RESULTS
The levels of 8-OHdG in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues were higher than in corresponding normal mucosa. No significant differences were shown in 8-OHdG levels in the cancerous and cancer-free tissues between age and sex and stages A/B and C/D of Duke's classification.
CONCLUSIONS
8-OHdG reflects the local oxidative stress in colon adenocarcinoma tissue together with ageing processes, but not the intensity of tumorigenesis itself. Because of many factors that could influence the oxidative modification of DNA bases, its role as a diagnostic and/or prognostic factor in colon adenocarcinoma seems to be limited.
Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Colorectal Neoplasms; DNA; Deoxyguanosine; Female; Humans; Male; Oxidative Stress; Poland; Statistics, Nonparametric
PubMed: 23963109
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.883999 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2018Higher concentrations of oxidative stress biomarkers are found in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis, conditions linked to irregular menstrual... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Higher concentrations of oxidative stress biomarkers are found in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis, conditions linked to irregular menstrual cycles and menstrual pain. The aim of the present study was to test whether women with higher oxidative stress are more likely to show irregular menstrual cycles and severe menstrual pain compared with women with lower oxidative stress. A cross-sectional study was conducted targeting female university students with a mean (SD) age of 20.5 (1.8) years ( = 188). Participants completed a questionnaire on reproductive characteristics and anthropometry and kept a menstrual cycle diary for 5 consecutive months. Urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), cotinine, and creatinine concentrations were measured once during the study period. The mean (SD) value of the urinary 8-OHdG concentration was 4.7 (2.0) μg/g of creatinine. A total of 1021 menstrual cycles were recorded. The participants were categorized as either having regular (68%) or irregular (18%) cycles or oligomenorrhea (13%) or polymenorrhea (1%). The urinary 8-OHdG concentration did not significantly differ across menstrual cycle regularity or pain categories. Even after adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), and urinary cotinine concentrations, having irregular cycles or more severe menstrual pain was not associated with urinary 8-OHdG concentration.
Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Adult; Biomarkers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Deoxyguanosine; Dysmenorrhea; Female; Humans; Menstrual Cycle; Menstruation Disturbances; Oxidative Stress; Students; Universities; Young Adult
PubMed: 30469541
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122616 -
Mutation Research Nov 2010The base moieties of DNA precursors in the nucleotide pool are subjected to oxidative damage, and the formation of damaged DNA precursors is an important source of... (Review)
Review
The base moieties of DNA precursors in the nucleotide pool are subjected to oxidative damage, and the formation of damaged DNA precursors is an important source of mutagenesis. 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate, also known by the name of its keto-enol tautomer as 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate, and 2-hydroxy-2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate have been identified as the major products of in vitro oxidation reactions. The mutagenicities of these damaged precursors in living cells will be summarized in this review. In addition, the roles of the nucleotide pool sanitization and DNA repair enzymes, and the translesion synthesis DNA polymerases will be described.
Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; DNA Damage; DNA Repair Enzymes; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; Deoxyguanine Nucleotides; Deoxyguanosine; Deoxyribonucleotides; Escherichia coli; Humans; Mutagens; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 20542139
DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.06.003 -
Journal of Biomedical Science Jun 2009The use of radioisotopes has a long history in biomedical science, and the technique of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), an extremely sensitive nuclear physics... (Review)
Review
The use of radioisotopes has a long history in biomedical science, and the technique of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), an extremely sensitive nuclear physics technique for detection of very low-abundant, stable and long-lived isotopes, has now revolutionized high-sensitivity isotope detection in biomedical research, because it allows the direct determination of the amount of isotope in a sample rather than measuring its decay, and thus the quantitative analysis of the fate of the radiolabeled probes under the given conditions. Since AMS was first used in the early 90's for the analysis of biological samples containing enriched 14C for toxicology and cancer research, the biomedical applications of AMS to date range from in vitro to in vivo studies, including the studies of 1) toxicant and drug metabolism, 2) neuroscience, 3) pharmacokinetics, and 4) nutrition and metabolism of endogenous molecules such as vitamins. In addition, a new drug development concept that relies on the ultrasensitivity of AMS, known as human microdosing, is being used to obtain early human metabolism information of candidate drugs. These various aspects of AMS are reviewed and a perspective on future applications of AMS to biomedical research is provided.
Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Animals; Biomedical Research; Carbon Radioisotopes; DNA Damage; Deoxyguanosine; Equipment Design; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Oxidative Stress; Particle Accelerators; Pharmacokinetics; Radioisotopes
PubMed: 19534792
DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-16-54 -
Anatolian Journal of Cardiology Mar 2017The present study compared the unfavorable effects of protein oxidation and deoxyribonucleic acid damage on patients with white coat hypertension (WCH), sustained... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVE
The present study compared the unfavorable effects of protein oxidation and deoxyribonucleic acid damage on patients with white coat hypertension (WCH), sustained hypertension (HT), and normotensives.
METHODS
Participants were allocated into 3 groups: 40 healthy controls, 36 patients with WCH, and 40 patients with sustained HT. Patients with risk factors for atherosclerosis, endocrine diseases, alcoholism, or masked hypertension were excluded. Plasma level of protein carbonyl (PCO), ischemia modified albumin (IMA), total thiol (T-SH), prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB), advanced protein oxidation products (AOPPs), and urinary level of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were measured and relationship between these oxidative stress parameters and WCH and sustained HT was analyzed.
RESULTS
Ambulatory 24-hour, daytime and night-time systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings of sustained HT group were significantly higher than those of WCH and control groups (p<0.001, all). AOPPs, PCO, IMA, 8-OHdG, and PAB levels were significantly higher in HT group than WCH and control groups (p<0.001, all). Additionally, T-SH level was significantly lower in HT group than WCH and control groups (p<0.001). A similar statistically significant relationship was detected between WCH and control groups.
CONCLUSION
Results indicate that increased level of AOPPs, PCO, IMA, 8-OHdG, PAB, and decreased level of T-SH are likely to be indicators of oxidative stress, which may play a key role both in WCH and sustained HT.
Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Adult; Biomarkers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Deoxyguanosine; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; Female; Humans; Male; Oxidative Stress; Serum Albumin, Human; White Coat Hypertension
PubMed: 27684518
DOI: 10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2016.7174 -
Blood Apr 1983Deoxyguanosine is selectively cytotoxic to leukemic cells from patients with T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), whereas all other leukemic cell types were...
Deoxyguanosine is selectively cytotoxic to leukemic cells from patients with T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), whereas all other leukemic cell types were significantly less sensitive. Arabinosylguanine, a deoxyguanosine analog resistant to cleavage by purine nucleoside phosphorylase, is a more potent inhibitor of DNA synthesis in T-leukemic cells than deoxyguanosine and retains a selective cytotoxic activity for T-leukemic cells. Deoxyguanosine and arabinosylguanine are phosphorylated to deoxyGTP and arabinosylGTP, respectively, by T cells but not by other cell types. The phosphorylation and the cytotoxicity of arabinosylguanine are prevented by deoxycytidine. The selectivity of arabinosylguanine for malignant T cells, the exquisite sensitivity of these cells to the drug, and the failure of PNP to cleave the nucleoside indicate its potential in the treatment of T-ALL.
Topics: Arabinonucleosides; Cells, Cultured; Deoxyguanine Nucleotides; Deoxyguanosine; Guanine; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 6600944
DOI: No ID Found -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2019Formation of adducts to DNA is of great benefit to DNA sequencing and damage detection technology and to enzymology. Here we describe the synthesis and characterization...
Formation of adducts to DNA is of great benefit to DNA sequencing and damage detection technology and to enzymology. Here we describe the synthesis and characterization procedures of 18-crown-6 adducts formed to abasic (AP) sites, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (OG), and 2'-deoxycytidine (C) residues in DNA oligodeoxynucleotides. These crown ether adducts were used as site-specific modifications to facilitate nanopore technology. The methods described can be readily expanded to attach other suitable primary amines of interest.
Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Crown Ethers; DNA; DNA Adducts; Deoxycytidine; Deoxyguanosine; Nanopores; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides
PubMed: 31016693
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9216-4_2