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Journal of Athletic Training Nov 2022Perceived stress and burnout are significant concerns among athletic trainers (ATs) due to growing professional demands. The global COVID-19 pandemic brought additional...
CONTEXT
Perceived stress and burnout are significant concerns among athletic trainers (ATs) due to growing professional demands. The global COVID-19 pandemic brought additional stressors, especially for health care providers, including the need to learn and integrate new skill sets in order to continue providing safe and effective patient care.
OBJECTIVE
To explore the influence of COVID-19 stressors on ATs engaged in patient care.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.
SETTING
Internet survey.
PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS
A total of 429 ATs (age = 33 ± 9 years; experience = 11 ± 9 years; 74 men, 355 women) currently providing patient care.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S)
We recruited participants from social media sites to complete a questionnaire with the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel (MBI-HSS MP), and qualitative questions related to the effects of COVID-19. We calculated correlations between CAS and MBI-HSS MP composite scores (emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment, and depersonalization) and used regression analysis to explore if CAS scores could be predicted by vaccination status (vaccinated or unvaccinated), sex, and MBI-HSS MP composite scores. We analyzed the qualitative data using a phenomenological, inductive approach with multianalyst triangulation and peer review as trustworthiness strategies.
RESULTS
Significant correlations existed between CAS and MBI-HSS MP composite scores (P < .001). Emotional exhaustion (P < .001) and depersonalization (P = .008) explained 28% of the variance in CAS scores (F2,405 = 81.29, P < .001). Three major areas of focus emerged: effects on wellness, emphasis on the value of athletic training, and the lessons learned and future innovation to inform potential long-term changes in the athletic training profession.
CONCLUSIONS
Key factors of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization during the pandemic may have exacerbated the potential for burnout among ATs. The pandemic affected ATs' wellness, changed perceptions of ATs, and altered operating procedures. Healthy coping strategies and organizational support are suggested for those who are struggling.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Young Adult; Adult; Pandemics; Cross-Sectional Studies; COVID-19; Sports; Adaptation, Psychological; Surveys and Questionnaires; Burnout, Professional
PubMed: 35142839
DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0541.21 -
The Journal of Nervous and Mental... Jun 2023The present study aimed to examine the cross-sectional association between attachment style and self-reported disturbed self-awareness (disturbed sense of mineness of...
Attachment Style and Self-Experience: The Association Between Attachment Style and Self-Reported Altered Self-Experience in Patients With Psychotic Disorders, Unaffected Siblings, and Healthy Controls.
The present study aimed to examine the cross-sectional association between attachment style and self-reported disturbed self-awareness (disturbed sense of mineness of experiences) and depersonalization (disturbed sense of first-person perspective) in patients with psychotic disorders, unaffected siblings, and healthy controls. Data pertain to a subsample of the GROUP (Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis) study. We found positive associations between anxious attachment and disturbed self-awareness and depersonalization across participants with different psychosis vulnerability. We also found a positive association between avoidant attachment and depersonalization, although on a trend level. Findings indicate that attachment style is associated with self-reported disturbed self-awareness and depersonalization over and above the influence of psychotic or depressive experiences in people across the vulnerability spectrum of psychosis. This supports the importance of attachment style, self-awareness, and depersonalization as potential targets in prevention and treatment interventions in patients with psychotic disorders or those with increased vulnerability.
Topics: Humans; Self Report; Siblings; Cross-Sectional Studies; Object Attachment; Psychotic Disorders
PubMed: 36971431
DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001634 -
Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in... 2023This article identifies the factors associated with burnout among dentists in the state of Bahia, Brazil, during the COVID-19 pandemic.
BACKGROUND
This article identifies the factors associated with burnout among dentists in the state of Bahia, Brazil, during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study, conducted between November 2020 and February 2021, of 251 dentists, selected by snowball sampling. Sociodemographic, occupational, and epidemiological information was collected in an electronic form. Burnout was evaluated through the Maslach Burnout Inventory; anxiety through the Beck Anxiety Inventory; and quality of life through the WHOQol-BREF questionnaire. Multiple linear regression was used to identify factors associated with variations in levels of the three burnout dimensions.
RESULTS
The mean levels of the burnout dimensions were: Emotional Exhaustion: 28.9 ± 8.9 (SD); Depersonalization = 8.2 ± 6.3; and Personal Accomplishment: 28.0 ± 6.2. The proportion of professionals with high Emotional Exhaustion (≥ 30 cut-off score), high Depersonalization (≥ 12 cut-off score), and low Personal Accomplishment (≤ 33 cut-off score) were 43.4%, 26.3% and 81.3%, respectively. Burnout components were associated with high anxiety; lower levels of the physical, psychological, social relations, and environmental dimensions of quality of life; less time working as a dentist; increased alcohol consumption during the pandemic, feeling safe when using personal protective equipment, and support from work fellows.
CONCLUSION
The dentists investigated showed moderate levels of Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization, and very low levels of Personal Accomplishment. The prevention and mitigation of burnout syndrome among dentists during a pandemic should consider several factors, such as quality of life, amount of time in the profession, use of personal protective equipment, support from fellow dentists, and alcohol consumption.
PubMed: 37916202
DOI: 10.2174/17450179-v19-e230717-2023-1 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2022Burnout is an impactful occupational health phenomenon to which doctors and nurses have been more exposed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objectives of this study were...
Burnout is an impactful occupational health phenomenon to which doctors and nurses have been more exposed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objectives of this study were to measure the dimensions of burnout-emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment-in a hospital healthcare population after the second COVID-19 wave and to study their association with sociodemographic variables and previous COVID-19 infection. We invited 112 healthcare professionals (doctors and nurses) who attended the occupational health department of a tertiary hospital in March-July 2021. Emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment were measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Linear-regression analyses were conducted to explore relationships between burnout dimensions and sociodemographic variables. Differences between groups according to previous COVID-19 infection were verified using the t-test and when appropriate the Mann-Whitney test (for continuous variables), the chi-square test and when appropriate the Fisher exact test (for categorical variables). We surveyed 106 subjects (95% response rate). High emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were reported by 33.0 and 18.4% of participants, respectively; 21.4% reported low personal accomplishment. Job tenure was associated with depersonalization and personal accomplishment. For each 1-year increase in job tenure, depersonalization decreases 0.14 (95% CI [-0.23, -0.04]) and personal accomplishment increases 0.16 (95% CI [0.06, 0.25]). Gender was associated with emotional exhaustion (being male increases emotional exhaustion 5.62-fold [95% CI: 1.33; 9.92]). The prevalence of high emotional exhaustion, high depersonalization and low personal accomplishment after the second COVID-19 wave was relevant and should not be overlooked. Our findings suggest that job tenure may play a protective role in healthcare workers' burnout.
PubMed: 36003097
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.942727 -
Brain and Behavior Mar 2021We designed a follow-up study of frontline health workers at COVID-19 patient care, within the same working conditions, to assess the influence of their general...
INTRODUCTION
We designed a follow-up study of frontline health workers at COVID-19 patient care, within the same working conditions, to assess the influence of their general characteristics and pre-existing anxiety/depression/dissociative symptoms and resilience on the development of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), while monitoring their quality of sleep, depersonalization/derealization symptoms, acute stress, state anxiety, and burnout.
METHODS
In a Hospital reconfigured to address the surge of patients with COVID-19, 204 frontline health workers accepted to participate. They completed validated questionnaires to assess mental health: before, during, and after the peak of inpatient admissions. After each evaluation, a psychiatrist reviewed the questionnaires, using the accepted criteria for each instrument. Correlations were assessed using multivariable and multivariate analyses, with a significance level of .05.
RESULTS
Compared to men, women reporting pre-existing anxiety were more prone to acute stress; and younger age was related to both pre-existent common psychological symptoms and less resilience. Overall the evaluations, sleep quality was bad on the majority of participants, with an increase during the epidemic crisis, while persistent burnout had influence on state anxiety, acute stress, and symptoms of depersonalization/derealization. PTSD symptoms were related to pre-existent anxiety/depression and dissociative symptoms, as well as to acute stress and acute anxiety, and negatively related to resilience.
CONCLUSIONS
Pre-existent anxiety/depression, dissociative symptoms, and coexisting acute anxiety and acute stress contribute to PTSD symptoms. During an infectious outbreak, psychological screening could provide valuable information to prevent or mitigate against adverse psychological reactions by frontline healthcare workers caring for patients.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety; COVID-19; Depersonalization; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Health Personnel; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Care; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 33319496
DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2007 -
South African Family Practice :... Jan 2024There has been an increasing awareness of the importance of physician mental health. Several South African studies show a high prevalence of burnout among doctors....
There has been an increasing awareness of the importance of physician mental health. Several South African studies show a high prevalence of burnout among doctors. Burnout is characterised by three components: exhaustion, depersonalisation, and a sense of a lack of efficacy. Burnout is a result of both external and internal pressures. While lifestyle modification is essential, mindfulness-informed programmes promote self-regulation and resilience. Mindfulness programmes comprise three components: present moment awareness, perspective-taking and wisdom, and compassion. Physician wellness begins with individuals recognising the need of self-care and giving themselves permission to prioritise this. Ongoing identification of self-care needs and acting compassionately to address these needs is essential.
Topics: Humans; Mindfulness; Self Care; Physicians; Burnout, Professional; Empathy
PubMed: 38299520
DOI: 10.4102/safp.v66i1.5836 -
Occupational Medicine (Oxford, England) Jan 2022Identifying the most significant risk factors for physician burnout can help to define the priority areas for burnout prevention. However, not much is known about the...
BACKGROUND
Identifying the most significant risk factors for physician burnout can help to define the priority areas for burnout prevention. However, not much is known about the relative importance of these risk factors.
AIMS
This study was aimed to examine the relative importance of multiple work-related psychosocial factors in predicting burnout dimensions among physicians.
METHODS
In a cross-sectional sample of 2423 Finnish physicians, dominance analysis was used to estimate the proportionate contribution of psychosocial factors to emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. The psychosocial factors included job demands (time pressure, patient-related stress, lack of support, stress related to information systems, work-family conflict) and job resources (job control, team climate, organizational justice).
RESULTS
Together, psychosocial factors explained 50% of the variance in emotional exhaustion, 24% in depersonalization and 11% in reduced professional efficacy. Time pressure was the most important predictor of emotional exhaustion (change in total variance explained ΔR2 = 45%), and patient-related stress was the most important predictor of both depersonalization (ΔR2 = 52%) and reduced professional accomplishment (ΔR2 = 23%). Stress related to information systems was the least important predictor of the burnout dimensions (ΔR2 = 1-2%).
CONCLUSIONS
Psychosocial factors in physicians' work are differently associated with the dimensions of burnout. Among the factors, the most significant correlates of burnout are job demands in the form of time pressure and patient-related stress.
Topics: Burnout, Professional; Burnout, Psychological; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Job Satisfaction; Organizational Culture; Physicians; Social Justice; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 34729593
DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqab147 -
Current Psychiatry Reports Jan 2017Dissociation involves disruptions of usually integrated functions of consciousness, perception, memory, identity, and affect (e.g., depersonalization, derealization,... (Review)
Review
Dissociation involves disruptions of usually integrated functions of consciousness, perception, memory, identity, and affect (e.g., depersonalization, derealization, numbing, amnesia, and analgesia). While the precise neurobiological underpinnings of dissociation remain elusive, neuroimaging studies in disorders, characterized by high dissociation (e.g., depersonalization/derealization disorder (DDD), dissociative identity disorder (DID), dissociative subtype of posttraumatic stress disorder (D-PTSD)), have provided valuable insight into brain alterations possibly underlying dissociation. Neuroimaging studies in borderline personality disorder (BPD), investigating links between altered brain function/structure and dissociation, are still relatively rare. In this article, we provide an overview of neurobiological models of dissociation, primarily based on research in DDD, DID, and D-PTSD. Based on this background, we review recent neuroimaging studies on associations between dissociation and altered brain function and structure in BPD. These studies are discussed in the context of earlier findings regarding methodological differences and limitations and concerning possible implications for future research and the clinical setting.
Topics: Borderline Personality Disorder; Brain; Brain Mapping; Cerebral Cortex; Depersonalization; Dissociative Disorders; Humans; Limbic System; Neuroimaging; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 28138924
DOI: 10.1007/s11920-017-0757-y -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2021Emotional exhaustion in the context of vulnerability to burnout is a part of the universal narrative of high stress and systematically reported in healthcare...
Emotional exhaustion in the context of vulnerability to burnout is a part of the universal narrative of high stress and systematically reported in healthcare professionals. The sense of coherence (SOC) is a salutogenic construct, operationalized by A. Antonovsky as a generalized resistance resource (GRR) to stress in three dimensions: meaningfulness (Me), the desire of a person to be motivated to cope; comprehensibility (C), the belief that the challenge is understood; and manageability (Ma), the belief that coping resources are available. The relation between SOC and the dimensions of burnout-Emotional Exhaustion (EE), Depersonalization (D), and Personal Accomplishment (PA)-is a part of salutogenic functioning, which reveals the inner motivation and self-organization of the psycho-emotional energetic resource. This study traces the salutogenic functioning of Bulgarian healthcare professionals during the pandemic. A general psychological background of coherence and exhaustion has been identified. All components of the SOC were positively correlated to Personal Accomplishment. Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization correlated negatively with coherence. SOC was validated as a possible determinant to predict the reduction of exhaustion and depersonalization as well as high levels of professional performance. The dimension of Meaningfulness in the coherence phenomenon was demonstrated to have the highest predictive value for professional burnout.
PubMed: 34408684
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.709587 -
Psychiatria Polska Oct 2019The aim of this work is to present the results of research on occupational burnout in a group of psychiatrists. The electronic databases and empirical publications from... (Review)
Review
The aim of this work is to present the results of research on occupational burnout in a group of psychiatrists. The electronic databases and empirical publications from 2000-2017 were searched. In order to identify reports that met the selection criteria, the papers was critically assessed. In the presented studies it was shown that the burnout syndrome is most often presented in accordance with the theoretical model proposed by Christina Maslach (including the dimension of depersonalization, emotional exhaustion and the feeling of lack of personal achievements). Risk factors include, among others: too long working hours, low earnings, negative self-image, specificity of treated patients, conflicts with colleagues, satisfaction with the work performed, insufficient supervision of work.
Topics: Achievement; Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Burnout, Professional; Burnout, Psychological; Depersonalization; Female; Humans; Job Satisfaction; Male; Severity of Illness Index; Stress, Psychological; Workplace
PubMed: 31955191
DOI: 10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/91686