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Srpski Arhiv Za Celokupno Lekarstvo 2013Recurrent depression is a psychiatric disorder of which etiology and pathogenesis might be related to immune response. Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and its components are...
INTRODUCTION
Recurrent depression is a psychiatric disorder of which etiology and pathogenesis might be related to immune response. Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and its components are also strongly associated with elevated inflammatory indicators, as so as the body mass index (BMI) and total cholesterol levels.
OBJECTIVE
Objective of this study was to investigate if there was any difference in C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in patients with recurrent depressive disorder, treated with antidepressants, compared to a healthy control group of subjects and if there was an association between increased CRP levels and the presence of MetS in these two groups.
METHODS
Sixty subjects entered the study; of these 35 patients with the diagnosis of recurrent depressive disorder, while the healthy control group included 25 subjects. MetS was defined according to the NCEP ATP III criteria. The cut-off point for CRP was set at > 5 mg/L.
RESULTS
There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of MetS and CRP values between the studied groups. Waist circumference and total cholesterol levels were significantly higher in the experimental group. Patients that fulfilled the criteria for MetS showed significantly higher values of central obesity and arterial hypertension in the experimental group as well. The elevated CRP levels were associated with increased frequency of MetS in depressed patients.
CONCLUSION
Both CRP levels and metabolic risk profile screening, according to the international criteria, may be beneficial in order to obtain better assessment for depressive long-term medicated patients.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; C-Reactive Protein; Case-Control Studies; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Hypertension; Metabolic Syndrome; Obesity
PubMed: 24073559
DOI: 10.2298/sarh1308511s -
Infant Behavior & Development Dec 2006Prenatal depressive symptoms, anxiety, anger and daily hassles were investigated in 156 depressed and non-depressed pregnant women and their depressed and non-depressed... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Prenatal depressive symptoms, anxiety, anger and daily hassles were investigated in 156 depressed and non-depressed pregnant women and their depressed and non-depressed partners (fathers-to-be). Depressed versus non-depressed fathers had higher depression, anxiety and daily hassles scores. Although the pregnant women in general had lower anxiety, anger and daily hassles scores than the men, the scores on the measures for depressed fathers and depressed mothers did not differ. Paternal depression appeared to have less effect than maternal depression on their partners' scores. However, the similarity between the scores of depressed mothers and depressed fathers highlights the importance of screening for depression in fathers-to-be as well as mothers-to-be during pregnancy.
Topics: Adult; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Male; Paternal Behavior; Pregnancy; Prenatal Care; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Psychological Tests; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 17138311
DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2006.07.010 -
The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2012Depression is a prevalent and pernicious disorder. About 1 in 5 US adults have at least 1 lifetime episode of major depression. Of those with depression, the majority... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Depression is a prevalent and pernicious disorder. About 1 in 5 US adults have at least 1 lifetime episode of major depression. Of those with depression, the majority will relapse over the long-term and many will have poor mental health outcomes and psychosocial disabilities. Over the past century, a range of treatments, including medications with varying mechanisms of action, have been developed to manage depression. Treatments from seizure therapies to an array of medications--amphetamine, tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, mixed-action antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and dual reuptake inhibitors--have evolved.
Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depressive Disorder; Depressive Disorder, Major; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Incidence; Male; Prospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 22951236
DOI: 10.4088/JCP.11096su1c.01 -
Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience 2008Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a prevalent illness that is frequently associated with significant disability, morbidity and mortality Despite the development and... (Review)
Review
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a prevalent illness that is frequently associated with significant disability, morbidity and mortality Despite the development and availability of numerous treatment options for MDD, studies have shown that antidepressant monotherapy yields only modest rates of response and remission. Clearly, there is an urgent need to develop more effective treatment strategies for patients with MDD. One possible approach towards the development of novel pharmacotherapeutic strategies for MDD involves identifying subpopulations of depressed patients who are more likely to experience the benefits of a given (existing) treatment versus placebo, or versus a second treatment. Attempts have been made to identify such "subpopulations", specifically by testing whether a given biological or clinical marker also serves as a moderator, mediator (correlate), or predictor of clinical improvement following the treatment of MDD with standard, first-line antidepressants. In the following article, we will attempt to summarize the literature focusing on several major areas ("leads") where preliminary evidence exists regarding clinical and biologic moderators, mediators, and predictors of symptom improvement in MDD. Such clinical leads will include the presence of hopelessness, anxious symptoms, or medical comorbidity. Biologic leads will include gene polymorphisms, brain metabolism, quantitative electroencephalography, loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials, and functional brain asymmetry.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Biomarkers; Depressive Disorder; Genetic Markers; Humans; Nervous System; Predictive Value of Tests; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 19170401
DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2008.10.4/gipapakostas -
European Journal of Pharmacology Jan 2016Major depressive disorder is a disabling psychiatric condition that causes a significant burden on individuals and society. There is still a lack of a clear... (Review)
Review
Major depressive disorder is a disabling psychiatric condition that causes a significant burden on individuals and society. There is still a lack of a clear understanding of the neuropathological changes associated with this illness and the efficacy of antidepressants is still far from optimal. Research into antidepressant therapies has evolved from serendipitous observation in human trials, but more than 60 years after the first monoaminergic antidepressants emerged they remain the mainstay for treating depression. However, glutamatergic modulators such as ketamine became the forefront of antidepressant exploration, especially for treatment-resistant depression and suicidal ideation. The glutamatergic hypothesis of depression is not new, however other NMDA receptor modulators do not seem to share the rapid and sustained effects of ketamine, suggesting that a unique combination of intracellular targets might be involved in its effect. Interestingly, inflammation can impact the glutamatergic system enhancing excitotoxicity and decreasing neuroplasticity. The points of convergence between the inflammatory and glutamatergic hypotheses of depression are not completely established, especially regarding the effects of fast-acting antidepressants. In this review, we discuss the most recent research surrounding glutamatergic fast-acting antidepressants, capable of modulating cellular plasticity and synaptogenesis and the potential of anti-inflammatory compounds evaluated from a different perspective. The combination of innovative ideas plus improvements on the discoveries made so far might lead to advances in antidepressant research with the promise of finding compounds that are both effective and fast-acting, even in patients who have tried other therapies with limited success.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Depressive Disorder; Depressive Disorder, Major; Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant; Humans
PubMed: 26703867
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.12.029 -
Neuropsychopharmacology : Official... Jan 2017Suicidal behavior is complex and manifests because of a confluence of diverse factors. One such factor involves dysregulation of the immune system, which has been linked... (Review)
Review
Suicidal behavior is complex and manifests because of a confluence of diverse factors. One such factor involves dysregulation of the immune system, which has been linked to the pathophysiology of suicidal behavior. This review will provide a brief description of suicidality and discuss the contribution of upstream and downstream factors in the etiology of suicidal behavior, within the contextual framework of inflammation. The contribution of inflammatory conditions such as traumatic brain injury, autoimmune disorders, and infections to neuropsychiatric symptoms and suicidality is only beginning to be explored. We will summarize studies of inflammation in the etiology of suicide, and provide a neurobiological basis for different mechanisms by which inflammation might contribute to the pathophysiology. Finally, we will review treatments that affect upstream and downstream pathways related to inflammation in suicidality.
Topics: Depressive Disorder; Humans; Inflammation; Suicide
PubMed: 27377015
DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.116 -
Acta Medica Portuguesa 2005Modern societies at present are heavily burdened by depressive disorders but a further increment of negative impact is predictable in years to come. Though there are... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Modern societies at present are heavily burdened by depressive disorders but a further increment of negative impact is predictable in years to come. Though there are effective treatments available these disorders are infrequently recognised and managed.
OBJECTIVES
To review depressive disorders burden focusing the epidemiological information gap in Portugal.
METHODOLOGY
Bibliographic search using Medline, the Index of Portuguese Medical Journals and the National Library, as well as other sources, with particular focus for review studies and cross-references.
RESULTS
Burden of depressive disorders is well established worldwide with increasing accuracy allowing for better health planning and treatment access. In Portugal, in spite of the need, scarcity of data and methodological inadequacy are the rule, with no precise prevalence data available.
CONCLUSIONS
The true dimension of depression burden issues in Portugal will only be globally and scientifically assessed through epidemiological studies in various settings with representative national populations.
Topics: Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Information Services; Male; Portugal
PubMed: 16202346
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Psychiatry Reports Jun 2017Depressive spectrum disorders, including major depression, persistent depression, minor and sub-syndromal depression, and other forms of depressive conditions, such as... (Review)
Review
Depressive spectrum disorders, including major depression, persistent depression, minor and sub-syndromal depression, and other forms of depressive conditions, such as demoralization, are among the most common psychiatric consequences of cancer patients, affecting up to 60% of patients. In spite of the negative effects and the burden for cancer patients and their families, these disorders often remain under-recognized and undertreated. The present review aims at summarizing the relevant data concerning the diagnostic challenges within the depressive spectrum disorders among cancer patients. Also, the most relevant data relative to integrated intervention, including psychopharmacological and psychosocial treatment, for depression in cancer patients are critically evaluated. It is mandatory that health care professionals working in oncology (e.g., oncologists, surgeons, radiation oncologists, primary care physicians, nurses, social workers, psychologists) receive training in the diagnosis and integrated management of the different types of disorder within the spectrum of clinical depression.
Topics: Depressive Disorder; Diagnostic Errors; Disease Management; Humans; Neoplasms; Psychotherapy; Psychotropic Drugs
PubMed: 28488207
DOI: 10.1007/s11920-017-0785-7 -
Schizophrenia Bulletin Mar 2017The presence of depression in schizophrenia has been a challenge to the Kraepelinian dichotomy, with various attempts to save the fundamental distinction including... (Review)
Review
The presence of depression in schizophrenia has been a challenge to the Kraepelinian dichotomy, with various attempts to save the fundamental distinction including evoking and refining diagnoses such as schizoaffective disorder. But the tectonic plates are shifting. Here we put forward a summary of recent evidence regarding the prevalence, importance, possible aetiological pathways and treatment challenges that recognizing depression in schizophrenia bring. Taken together we propose that depression is more than comorbidity and that increased effective therapeutic attention to mood symptoms will be needed to improve outcomes and to support prevention.
Topics: Comorbidity; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia
PubMed: 27421793
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw097 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Oct 2017The aim of this study was to examine what we know about the general practitioners' ability to diagnose and treat depression. Some studies suggest that clinicians might... (Review)
Review
The aim of this study was to examine what we know about the general practitioners' ability to diagnose and treat depression. Some studies suggest that clinicians might have considerable difficulty identifying depressions correctly, but that diagnostics become more accurate with increased severity of the disease. Several studies suggest that patients diagnosed with depression are undertreated, and some studies suggest that patients might receive antidepressants, even though they do not fulfil the International Classification of Diseases 10 criterion for depression.
Topics: Clinical Competence; Depressive Disorder; Diagnostic Errors; General Practitioners; Humans
PubMed: 28992842
DOI: No ID Found