-
Journal of Affective Disorders Dec 2022Experiences of discrimination at work are a long-standing problem, but research on its mental health effect is sparse. The purpose of this study was to examine the...
OBJECTIVES
Experiences of discrimination at work are a long-standing problem, but research on its mental health effect is sparse. The purpose of this study was to examine the prospective association between workplace discrimination and onset of depressive disorders among Danish workers.
METHODS
The prospective cohort study comprised 2157 workers, all free of depressive disorders at baseline. Using logistic regression models, we estimated the association between workplace discrimination at baseline and depressive disorders at 6-months follow-up, adjusted for demographics, health behaviors, job group, educational attainment and other psychosocial working conditions.
RESULTS
At baseline, 103 participants (4.8 %) reported workplace discrimination during the previous 12 months. Among the 103 exposed participants and the remaining 2054 unexposed participants, onset of depressive disorders during follow-up occurred in 16 (15.5 %) and 88 (4.3 %) participants, respectively. After adjustment for all covariates, the odds ratio was 2.73 (95 % confidence interval: 1.38-5.40) comparing exposed to unexposed participants.
LIMITATIONS
All measures were self-reported, entailing risk of common methods bias, and we also cannot rule out selection bias.
CONCLUSIONS
Exposure to workplace discrimination is a risk factor for onset of depressive disorders. Eliminating or reducing workplace discrimination may contribute to the prevention of depressive disorders in working populations.
Topics: Humans; Workplace; Prospective Studies; Workforce; Depressive Disorder; Denmark
PubMed: 36122601
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.036 -
Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 1993
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Cause of Death; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Prognosis; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychophysiologic Disorders; Quality of Life; Sick Role
PubMed: 8272471
DOI: 10.1159/000288686 -
Respiratory Medicine Oct 2011Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease characterized by progressive and only partially reversible symptoms and by... (Review)
Review
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease characterized by progressive and only partially reversible symptoms and by considerable negative consequences such as reductions in functional status and quality of life. Comorbid depression is highly prevalent in patients with COPD and related to a worse course of the disease. Despite its negative impact, depression often remains unrecognized and untreated in COPD patients. This review summarizes the current state of findings from studies examining the effects of antidepressant treatments in patients with COPD. Reviewed treatment options are antidepressant medical therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Antidepressant medical trials include treatments with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) or tricyclic antidepressants (TCA); CBT was applied using various components. Across both treatment types, the majority of studies included patients with a wide range of psychiatric conditions and especially comorbid symptoms of anxiety were often not controlled. Furthermore, greatly varying instruments and methods for assessing depressive symptoms, small sample sizes and rather heterogeneous results were observed. This makes the comparison of treatment options rather difficult and prevents definite conclusions. However, some important implications valuable for further research were obtained. Some limited data suggested that SSRI might show fewer side effects than TCA. A few antidepressants as well as beneficial effects in other outcomes were observed after antidepressant medical treatment. More clearly, CBT showed some potential in terms of improvements in depressive symptoms, and also in other outcome measures. Patient compliance seems more promising for CBT than for antidepressant medical treatment. Overall, the reviewed studies suggest some promising effects for both treatment types and effect sizes in studies with significant antidepressant effects were reasonable. However, future randomized controlled trials comparing antidepressant medical and cognitive-behavioral therapy will be essential to assess distinct and most favorable treatment effects. Because recent data is often limited, sound diagnostic criteria of depression and adequate sample sizes are necessary to draw firm conclusions on the effects of these antidepressant treatment options in patients with COPD and comorbid depression.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 21680167
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2011.05.014 -
The Israel Journal of Psychiatry and... 2007Recently the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published a black box warning on the use of serotonin receptor reuptake inhibitors for adolescent depression. This... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Recently the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published a black box warning on the use of serotonin receptor reuptake inhibitors for adolescent depression. This situation makes the non-pharmacological therapeutic alternatives more relevant than ever before. The aim of this review is to introduce the theoretical formulation, practical application and efficacy studies of Interpersonal Psychotherapy for depressed adolescents (IPT-A).
METHOD
A review is offered of published papers in peer-reviewed journals, books and edited chapters using Medline and PsychInfo publications between 1966 and February 2005.
RESULTS
IPT-A is an evidence-based psychotherapy for depressed adolescents in both hospital-based and community outpatient settings.
CONCLUSION
IPT-A is a brief and efficient therapy for adolescent depression. Training programs for child psychologists and psychiatrists are recommended.
Topics: Adolescent; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Contraindications; Depressive Disorder; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Psychotherapy; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 17665810
DOI: No ID Found -
Tijdschrift Voor Psychiatrie 2012Not only is the heterogeneous concept of depression too comprehensive, it is also insufficiently differentiated. This serves as a barrier to scientific research and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Not only is the heterogeneous concept of depression too comprehensive, it is also insufficiently differentiated. This serves as a barrier to scientific research and obscures the symptoms that should indicate what treatment is required.
AIM
To describe an accurate model for staging and profiling depression.
METHOD
We placed depressive disorders in the context of the entire course of the disorder and we regarded the course as a continuum of psychopathology.
RESULTS
First of all we distinguish five stages: (1) the prodromal phase, (2) the first depressive episode, (3) residual symptoms following an episode, (4) the relapse episode and (5) the chronic and/or treatment-resistant depression. The higher the stage, the greater the need for complex and specialised treatment. As characteristics for profiling we distinguish (a) aetiological and pathophysiological variables and (b) clinical factors. The latter are the ones that mainly influence treatment from stage 2 onwards.
CONCLUSION
In our article we give a tentative overview of possible characteristics for profiling. At the moment the clinical factors are the ones used most for assessment. Current research into the value of aetiological characteristics for profiling will increase the applicability of a staging and profiling model.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Depressive Disorder; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Humans; Models, Theoretical; Observation; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 23138623
DOI: No ID Found -
Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Aug 2010The aims of this study were to assess the epidemiological, phenomenological, and pathophysiological evidence that suggests the specificity of depression associated with... (Review)
Review
AIMS
The aims of this study were to assess the epidemiological, phenomenological, and pathophysiological evidence that suggests the specificity of depression associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD).
METHODS
We reviewed the English-language literature.
RESULTS
Depression occurs significantly more often in patients with AD than in the general elderly population. While development of depression in response to the disability and emotional stress of AD may be a contributory factor in some patients, several studies showed that depression was not, or was only seldom, related to self-awareness of AD and these studies could not explain the high prevalence figures. To overcome the overlapping phenomenology of the two diseases, specific diagnostic criteria have been developed for depression in this context. Mixed findings have come from neuropathological and neuroimaging studies, with some evidence linking the underlying neural substrate of AD and depression, suggesting an overlapping cause of primary depression and depression comorbid with AD. Few randomized controlled trials for depression associated with AD have been conducted, with rather poor results for the use of antidepressants.
CONCLUSIONS
Currently, depression associated with AD is not considered a separate disorder by regulatory authorities and is unlikely to be considered as such in the near future. Several obstacles remain to support such a specific position, including the heterogenous nature of depression in general and within AD itself, the lack of a distinct set of symptoms, and limited treatment.
Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Antidepressive Agents; Depressive Disorder; Disease Progression; Humans; Mental Disorders; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
PubMed: 20573052
DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2010.02108.x -
Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy : JMCP Apr 2005To identify the clinical and economic implications of depression in the workplace and review how integrated care models can improve overall patient outcomes. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To identify the clinical and economic implications of depression in the workplace and review how integrated care models can improve overall patient outcomes.
SUMMARY
Depression is a significant financial burden to the employer due to lost days of work and decreased productivity. Employers are demanding return on the investment for their increasing health care expenditures. The cost of depression to employers may be contained by delivering care using integrated models that leverage primary care provider treatment with care management and mental health consultation.
CONCLUSION
There is a need to reduce silos in the organization and financing of mental health care to prevent cost shifting that provides no benefit to patients, payers or providers. Poor mental health care will likely lead to a rise in absenteeism and presenteeism.
Topics: Absenteeism; Delivery of Health Care, Integrated; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Occupational Health Services
PubMed: 15804201
DOI: 10.18553/jmcp.2005.11.3.S5 -
Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience :... Jul 2015
Topics: Animals; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Male; Prevalence; Sex Characteristics; Sex Factors
PubMed: 26107348
DOI: 10.1503/jpn.150205 -
Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi = Turkish... 2010Realism is described as objective evaluations and judgments about the world; however, some research indicates that judgments made by "normal" people include a... (Review)
Review
Realism is described as objective evaluations and judgments about the world; however, some research indicates that judgments made by "normal" people include a self-favored, positive bias in the perception of reality. Additionally, some studies report that compared to normal people, such cognitive distortions are less likely among depressive people. These findings gave rise to the depressive realism hypothesis. While results of several studies verify the notion that depressive people evaluate reality more objectively, other studies fail to support this hypothesis. Several causes for these inconsistent findings have been proposed, which can be characterized under 3 headings. One proposed explanation suggests that what is accepted as "realistic" in these studies is not quite objective and is in fact ambiguous. According to another perspective, the term "depressive" used in these studies is inconsistent with the criteria of scientific diagnostic methods. Another suggests that the research results can only be obtained under the specific experimental conditions. General negativity and limited processing are popular approaches used for explaining the depressive realism hypothesis. Nowadays, the debate over this hypothesis continues. The present review focuses on frequently cited research related to depressive realism and discusses the findings.
Topics: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Personality Assessment; Reality Testing; Thinking
PubMed: 20204905
DOI: No ID Found -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Dec 2004Unhappiness among children seems to be rising, but labelling it as depression and prescribing antidepressants is ineffective and possibly harmful. It is time to focus on... (Review)
Review
Unhappiness among children seems to be rising, but labelling it as depression and prescribing antidepressants is ineffective and possibly harmful. It is time to focus on the underlying reasons
Topics: Child; Decision Making; Depressive Disorder; Happiness; Humans; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 15591567
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.329.7479.1394