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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2017Bee venom (BV) has long been used as a traditional medicine. The aim of the present study was to formulate a BV emulsion with good rheological properties for dermal...
Bee venom (BV) has long been used as a traditional medicine. The aim of the present study was to formulate a BV emulsion with good rheological properties for dermal application and investigate the effect of formulation on the permeation of melittin through dermatomed rat skin. A formulated emulsion containing 1% (/) BV was prepared. The emulsion was compared with distilled water (DW) and 25% (/) -methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) in DW. Permeation of melittin from aqueous solution through the dermatomed murine skin was evaluated using the Franz diffusion cells. Samples of receptor cells withdrawn at pre-determined time intervals were measured for melittin amount. After the permeation study, the same skin was used for melittin extraction. In addition, a known amount of melittin (5 μg/mL) was added to stratum corneum, epidermis, and dermis of the rat skin, and the amount of melittin was measured at pre-determined time points. The measurement of melittin from all samples was done with HPLC-MS/MS. No melittin was detected in the receptor phase at all time points in emulsion, DW, or NMP groups. When the amount of melittin was further analyzed in stratum corneum, epidermis, and dermis from the permeation study, melittin was still not detected. In an additional experiment, the amount of melittin added to all skin matrices was corrected against the amount of melittin recovered. While the total amount of melittin was retained in the stratum corneum, less than 10% of melittin remained in epidermis and dermis within 15 and 30 min, respectively. Skin microporation with BV emulsion facilitates the penetration of melittin across the stratum corneum into epidermis and dermis, where emulsified melittin could have been metabolized by locally-occurring enzymes.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Dermis; Diffusion Chambers, Culture; Emulsions; Epidermis; Excipients; Male; Melitten; Pyrrolidinones; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Skin Absorption
PubMed: 28534835
DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050836 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2022Carnosine is an endogenous β-alanyl-L-histidine dipeptide endowed with antioxidant and carbonyl scavenger properties, which is able to significantly prevent the visible...
Carnosine is an endogenous β-alanyl-L-histidine dipeptide endowed with antioxidant and carbonyl scavenger properties, which is able to significantly prevent the visible signs of aging and photoaging. To investigate the mechanism of action of carnosine on human skin proteome, a 3D scaffold-free spheroid model of primary dermal fibroblasts from a 50-year-old donor was adopted in combination with quantitative proteomics for the first time. The label free proteomics approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry, integrated with network analyses, provided a highly sensitive and selective method to describe the human dermis spheroid model during long-term culture and upon carnosine treatment. Overall, 2171 quantified proteins allowed the in-depth characterization of the 3D dermis phenotype during growth and differentiation, at 14 versus 7 days of culture. A total of 485 proteins were differentially regulated by carnosine at 7 days, an intermediate time of culture. Of the several modulated pathways, most are involved in mitochondrial functionality, such as oxidative phosphorylation, TCA cycle, extracellular matrix reorganization and apoptosis. In long-term culture, functional modules related to oxidative stress were upregulated, inducing the aging process of dermis spheroids, while carnosine treatment prevented this by the downregulation of the same functional modules. The application of quantitative proteomics, coupled to advanced and relevant in vitro scaffold free spheroids, represents a new concrete application for personalized therapies and a novel care approach.
Topics: Carnosine; Dermis; Humans; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Oxidative Stress; Proteomics; Spheroids, Cellular
PubMed: 35163388
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031468 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2014Cysticercosis, especially neurocysticercosis, is a major public health problem in India. We report an unusual case of disseminated cysticercosis with extensive...
Cysticercosis, especially neurocysticercosis, is a major public health problem in India. We report an unusual case of disseminated cysticercosis with extensive infiltration of the skin, central nervous system, skeletal muscles, eye, lung, and heart. A patient with extensive cutaneous cysticercosis must be thoroughly investigated for widespread internal organ involvement.
Topics: Arm; Cysticercosis; Dermis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Severity of Illness Index; Shoulder; Skin Diseases, Parasitic; Thorax
PubMed: 24685850
DOI: 10.4103/0378-6323.129389 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2014Focal acral hyperkeratosis is a rare genodermatosis with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. It is characterized by usually asymptomatic keratotic papules...
Focal acral hyperkeratosis is a rare genodermatosis with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. It is characterized by usually asymptomatic keratotic papules along the borders of the hands and/or feet. The main differential diagnosis is acrokeratoelastoidosis of Costa, which differs from the former only by not presenting elastorrhexis in histopathological examination, thus requiring this exam for a correct diagnosis.
Topics: Adult; Biopsy; Dermis; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Keratoderma, Palmoplantar
PubMed: 25184932
DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20143152 -
Wounds : a Compendium of Clinical... Jan 2020Partially avascular wounds pose a challenge to wound care surgeons. (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Partially avascular wounds pose a challenge to wound care surgeons.
OBJECTIVE
The authors reviewed the literature and institutional results on the use of a dermal regenerative template (DRT) over partially avascular wounds to quantify the ability of the DRT to vascularize over these wounds.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A review of the literature was performed using Ovid MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library. Patient demographics, comorbidities, wound types, surface area of avascular tissues, and skin graft take were analyzed. A retrospective review of institutional cases was conducted.
RESULTS
A total of 32 articles met inclusion criteria. The retrospective review included 26 patients with partially avascular wounds reconstructed with the DRT. Seventeen patients experienced 100% graft take, 6 experienced partial take, and 3 suffered complete loss. The percent and absolute size of avascular surface area in the wound was significantly lower in cases of complete graft take compared with partial take and complete loss (1.9% and 2.7 cm2; 9.3% and 10.0 cm2; 18.0% and 9.3 cm2, respectively, P ⟨ .001). Chronic wound status (P ⟨ .001) was significantly associated with less graft take.
CONCLUSIONS
This literature review and retrospective study confirm the DRT is a viable option to provide vascularized coverage over wounds with avascular components. This study suggests the DRT is more reliable in wounds with less than 1.9% avascular tissues and less successful in chronic wounds.
Topics: Dermis; Graft Survival; Humans; Regeneration; Skin; Skin Physiological Phenomena; Skin Transplantation; Soft Tissue Injuries; Wound Healing
PubMed: 32155125
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2022Skin aging is a multi-factorial process that affects nearly every aspect of skin biology and function. The processes developing in the skin during aging are based on... (Review)
Review
Skin aging is a multi-factorial process that affects nearly every aspect of skin biology and function. The processes developing in the skin during aging are based on fundamental molecular mechanisms associated with fibroblasts, the main cellular population of the dermis. It has been revealed that the amount of fibroblasts decreases markedly with age and their functional activity is also reduced. This inevitably leads to a decrease in the regenerative abilities of the skin and the progression of its aging. In this review we consider the mechanisms underlying these processes, mainly the changes observed with age in the stem/progenitor cells that constitute the fibroblastic differon of the dermis and form their microenvironment (niches). These changes lead to the depletion of stem cells, which, in turn, leads to a decrease in the number of differentiated (mature) dermal fibroblasts responsible for the production of the dermal extracellular matrix and its remodeling. We also describe in detail DNA damages, their cellular and systemic consequences, molecular mechanisms of DNA damage response, and also the role of fibroblast senescence in skin aging.
Topics: Dermis; Extracellular Matrix; Fibroblasts; Skin; Skin Aging
PubMed: 35682813
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116135 -
Journal of Ultrasound Mar 2023Current ultrasound (US) Doppler techniques cannot demonstrate the vascularization of the dermis. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the new Superb...
AIMS
Current ultrasound (US) Doppler techniques cannot demonstrate the vascularization of the dermis. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the new Superb Vascular Imaging (SMI) and Microvascular Flow (MV-Flow) techniques improve the detection of normal dermis vessels. SMI and MV-Flow were compared side-by-side to conventional power-Doppler (PD) imaging.
METHODS
By using US, 50 healthy volunteers were evaluated at level of five body areas: forehead, forearm, palm, buttock, and thigh. Two off-site operators evaluated the images to assess the difference between SMI and PD imaging and between MV-Flow and PD imaging in terms of dermis flow amount. A 0-3 scoring system was adopted.
RESULTS
SMI scored grade 0 in 0% of body areas, grade 1 in 58%, grade 2 in 33%, and grade 3 in 9%. In comparison with SMI, PD scored grade 0 in 38% of body areas, grade 1 in 56%, grade 2 in 6%, and grade 3 in 0%. MV-Flow scored grade 0 in 0% of body areas, grade 1 in 52%, grade 2 in 43%, and grade 3 in 6%. Comparted to MV-Flow, PD scored grade 0 in 53% of body areas, grade 1 in 34%, grade 2 in 13%, and grade 3 in 0%. The difference in terms of sensitivity was statistically significant for all the body areas investigated.
CONCLUSIONS
We found both SMI and MV-Flow to be superior to PD imaging and capable to demonstrate normal vascularization of the dermis.
Topics: Humans; Microcirculation; Microvessels; Ultrasonography, Doppler; Ultrasonography; Dermis
PubMed: 36001281
DOI: 10.1007/s40477-022-00710-2 -
Cell and Tissue Research Feb 2023The generation and growing of de novo hair follicles is the most daring hair replacement approach to treat alopecia. This approach has been explored at least since the... (Review)
Review
The generation and growing of de novo hair follicles is the most daring hair replacement approach to treat alopecia. This approach has been explored at least since the 1960s without major success. Latest in the 1980s, the realization that the mesenchymal compartment of hair follicles, the dermal papilla (DP), is the crucial signaling center and element required for fulfilling this vision of hair follicle engineering, propelled research into the fibroblasts that occupy the DP. However, working with DP fibroblasts has been stubbornly frustrating. Decades of work in understanding the nature of DP fibroblasts in vitro and in vivo have led to the appreciation that hair follicle biology is complex, and the dermal papilla is an enigma. Functional DP fibroblasts tend to aggregate in 2D culture, while impaired DP cells do not. This fact has stimulated recent approaches to overcome the hurdles to DP cell culture by mimicking their natural habitat, such as growing DP fibroblasts in three dimensions (3D) by their self-aggregation, adopting 3D matrix scaffold, or bioprinting 3D microstructures. Furthermore, including keratinocytes in the mix to form hair follicle-like composite structures has been explored but remains a far cry from a useful and affordable method to generate human hair follicles in sufficient quantity and quality in a practical time frame for patients. This suggests that the current strategies may have reached their limitations in achieving successful hair follicle bioengineering for clinical applications. Novel approaches are required to overcome these barriers, such as focusing on embryonic cell types and processes in combination with emerging techniques.
Topics: Humans; Hair Follicle; Dermis; Cells, Cultured; Keratinocytes; Bioengineering
PubMed: 36562864
DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03730-w -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Feb 2018There is an increasing interest in the apparently normal skin in vitiligo. Altered expression of the adhesion molecule E-cadherin and persistent deregulated...
There is an increasing interest in the apparently normal skin in vitiligo. Altered expression of the adhesion molecule E-cadherin and persistent deregulated intracellular redox status that promotes the acquisition of a stress-induced senescent phenotype in melanocytes of normally pigmented skin from patients with vitiligo have been described. Growing evidence has shown that such cellular and functional alterations are not necessarily restricted to melanocytes but may be extended to other cutaneous cell populations in both lesional and nonlesional areas. However, whether dermal fibroblasts exhibit related alterations that may contribute to the defects associated with melanocytes in vitiligo is not known. Here we reveal within the dermal compartment cells a myofibroblast phenotype and a predisposition to premature senescence, indicating the existence of altered cross-talk between dermal and epidermal components that may affect melanocyte functionality even in the apparently normal skin of patients with vitiligo.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biopsy; Cell Communication; Cell Separation; Cellular Senescence; Dermis; Epidermis; Female; Flow Cytometry; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Male; Melanocytes; Middle Aged; Myofibroblasts; Primary Cell Culture; Reactive Oxygen Species; Vitiligo
PubMed: 29024688
DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.06.033 -
The International Journal of... 2004The dorsal and the ventral trunk integuments of the chick differ in their dermal cell lineage (originating from the somatic and somatopleural mesoderm respectively) and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
The dorsal and the ventral trunk integuments of the chick differ in their dermal cell lineage (originating from the somatic and somatopleural mesoderm respectively) and in the distribution of their feather fields. The dorsal macropattern has a large spinal pteryla surrounded by semi-apteria, whereas the ventral skin has a true medial apterium surrounded by the ventral pterylae. Comparison of the results of heterotopic transplantations of distal somatopleure in place of somatic mesoderm (Mauger 1972) or in place of proximal somatopleure (our data), leads to two conclusions. These are that the fate of the midventral apterium is not committed at day 2 of incubation and that the signals from the environment which specify the ventral and dorsal featherforming dermal progenitors are different. Effectively, Shh, but not Wnt -1 signalling can induce the formation of feather forming dermis from the embryonic somatopleure. Shh is not able, however, to trigger the formation of a feather forming dermis from the extra embryonic somatopleure. This brief report constitutes the first attempt, by comparing old and new preliminary results, to understand whether dermal progenitors at different sites are specified by different signalling pathways.
Topics: Animals; Cell Lineage; Chick Embryo; Dermis; Feathers; Hedgehog Proteins; Mesoderm; Signal Transduction; Skin; Stem Cells; Trans-Activators; Transplantation, Heterologous
PubMed: 15272375
DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.15272375