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Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in... Jul 2014The dermal papilla (DP) of the hair follicle is both a chemical and physical niche for epithelial progenitor cells that regenerate the cycling portion of the hair... (Review)
Review
The dermal papilla (DP) of the hair follicle is both a chemical and physical niche for epithelial progenitor cells that regenerate the cycling portion of the hair follicle and generate the hair shaft. Here, we review experiments that revealed the importance of the DP in regulating the characteristics of the hair shaft and frequency of hair follicle regeneration. More recent work showed that the size of this niche is dynamic and actively regulated and reduction in DP cell number per follicle is sufficient to cause hair thinning and loss. The formation of the DP during follicle neogenesis provides a context to contemplate the mechanisms that maintain DP size and the potential to exploit these processes for hair preservation or restoration.
Topics: Alopecia; Animals; Cell Proliferation; Cell Shape; Dermis; Hair Color; Hair Follicle; Humans; Mice; Organ Size; Rats; Regeneration; Stem Cells
PubMed: 24985131
DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a015180 -
Experimental Dermatology Aug 2019Fragmentation of collagen fibrils and aberrant elastic material (solar elastosis) in the dermal extracellular matrix (ECM) is among the most prominent features of...
Fragmentation of collagen fibrils and aberrant elastic material (solar elastosis) in the dermal extracellular matrix (ECM) is among the most prominent features of photodamaged human skin. These alterations impair the structural integrity and create a dermal microenvironment prone to skin disorders. The objective of this study was to determine the physical properties (surface roughness, stiffness and hardness) of the dermal ECM in photodamaged and subject-matched sun-protected human skin. Skin samples were sectioned and analysed by histology, atomic force microscopy and nanoindentation. Dermal ECM collagen fibrils were more disorganized (ie, rougher surface), and the dermal ECM was stiffer and harder, in photodamaged forearm, compared to sun-protected underarm skin. Cleavage of collagen fibrils in sun-protected underarm dermis by recombinant human matrix metalloproteinase-1 resulted in rougher collagen fibril surface and reduced dermal stiffness and hardness. Degradation of elastotic material in photodamaged skin by treatment with purified neutrophil elastase reduced stiffness and hardness, without altering collagen fibril surface roughness. Additionally, expression of two members of the lysyl oxidase gene family, which insert cross-links that stiffen and harden collagen fibrils, was elevated in photodamaged forearm dermis. These data elucidate the contributions of fragmented collagen fibrils, solar elastosis and elevated collagen cross-linking to the physical properties of the dermal ECM in photodamaged human skin. This new knowledge extends current understanding of the impact of photodamage on the dermal ECM microenvironment.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Collagen; Dermis; Extracellular Matrix; Hardness; Humans; Middle Aged; Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase; Skin Aging; Sunlight
PubMed: 29957839
DOI: 10.1111/exd.13728 -
PloS One 2019The light-promoted recovery of epidermal barrier of skin was evaluated by the associated recovery of transepidermal potential (TEP), the potential difference between the...
The light-promoted recovery of epidermal barrier of skin was evaluated by the associated recovery of transepidermal potential (TEP), the potential difference between the surface and dermis of skin, by using porcine skin samples. An accelerated recovery of TEP was observed by irradiation of red light with the irradiance of 40 mW/cm2 and a duration of > 10 min. The influence of the light stimulation to the surroundings (~ 20 mm) was also observed. The irradiations of blue and purple lights were ineffective in accelerating the barrier recovery. These characteristics of the light stimulation would be useful for the design of effective and safe phototherapy devices for skin. The present study proves that the TEP can serve as a spatiotemporal indicator of the epidermal barrier function.
Topics: Acetone; Animals; Dermis; Epidermis; Humans; Light; Phototherapy; Salts; Skin; Surface Properties; Swine
PubMed: 31291308
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219198 -
Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Nov 2016In vitro studies of human dermal fibroblast (DF) heterogeneity have long been reported, yet in vivo studies and related research on animals are rare. The objectives of...
In vitro studies of human dermal fibroblast (DF) heterogeneity have long been reported, yet in vivo studies and related research on animals are rare. The objectives of the study were to determine whether the DFs of pigs exhibit heterogeneity and to identify an animal model for the in vivo study of DF heterogeneity. The skin of three female red Duroc pigs (FRDPs) was separated into six layers, and the second and fifth layers (i.e., the superficial and deep dermis) were used in the establishment of wound models and cell cultures. To create the wound models, 54 tongue-shaped flaps were created on one side of the dorsum, and the underlying dermis was then fully replaced with the superficial or deep dermis (the superficial and deep groups, respectively). Skin samples were harvested at postoperative weeks 1, 2, and 3 for measurements of the normal and wounded skin thicknesses. Cells cultured from the superficial and deep dermis (i.e., superficial and deep DFs) were subjected to quantitative estimation of collagen and electron microscopy. The wounded skin thickness in the deep group was significantly greater than that in the superficial group. In contrast with the long deep DFs, the superficial DFs were short and exhibited microvilli-like cell surface projections. Compared with the superficial DFs, the deep DFs exhibited a greater density of rough endoplasmic reticulum and produced significantly more collagen. Similar to humans, FRDPs exhibit DF heterogeneity and should thus be a good animal model for in vivo studies of DF heterogeneity. Anat Rec, 299:1585-1599, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topics: Actins; Animals; Cell Shape; Cells, Cultured; Collagen; Dermis; Fibroblasts; Skin; Swine; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Wound Healing
PubMed: 27518880
DOI: 10.1002/ar.23458 -
Experimental Biology and Medicine... Apr 2021Excessive proliferation of vascular endothelial cells can cause hemangioma. Although typically benign, hemangiomas can become life-threatening. The microRNA miR-200c-3p...
Excessive proliferation of vascular endothelial cells can cause hemangioma. Although typically benign, hemangiomas can become life-threatening. The microRNA miR-200c-3p is abnormally expressed in some types of tumors, but its expression, biological role, and mechanism of action in infantile hemangioma remain to be fully elucidated. The expression levels of miR-200c-3p in hemangioma tissue were compared with those in adjacent healthy tissue by using bioinformatics analyses and TargetScan. Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Cell Counting Kit 8 analyses were used to determine the biological function and site of action of miR-200c-3p in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs). MiR-200c-3p was one of the top 10 differentially expressed genes between healthy tissue, and hemangiomas tissues, having markedly decreased expression in hemangioma tissue. Reduction of miR-200c-3p expression in HDMECs through the transfection of a miR-200c-3p inhibitor significantly increased HDMEC proliferation. The addition of the Notch signaling pathway inhibitor DAPT to HDMECs transfected with the miR-200c-3p inhibitor eliminated the inhibitor-induced enhancement of proliferation in HDMECs. These findings indicate that miR-200c-3p targets the Notch signaling pathway to promote the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells, suggesting that miR-200c-3p plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hemangioma.
Topics: Cell Proliferation; Dermis; Endothelial Cells; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; MicroRNAs; Microvessels; Receptors, Notch; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 33472424
DOI: 10.1177/1535370220981859 -
Dermatology Online Journal Aug 2012We recently came across the article "Papillary dermal elastosis" by Newlove et al published in the October 2011 edition of Dermatology Online Journal. In this paper, the...
We recently came across the article "Papillary dermal elastosis" by Newlove et al published in the October 2011 edition of Dermatology Online Journal. In this paper, the authors described what they interpreted to be the second case of papillary dermal elastosis, an entity we had first identified in 2009. Upon further reading of their histopathologic and clinical description, we believe this case is more consistent with the diagnosis of pseudoxanthoma elasticum-like papillary dermal elastolysis (PXE-PDE).
Topics: Adult; Dermis; Diagnosis, Differential; Elastic Tissue; Female; Humans; Male; Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum; Skin; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 22948061
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal Der Deutschen Dermatologischen... Aug 2012Cellulite is one of the most common skin care concerns seen in modern dermatology. The presence of cellulite in the 21(st) century is now considered a major "problem"... (Review)
Review
Cellulite is one of the most common skin care concerns seen in modern dermatology. The presence of cellulite in the 21(st) century is now considered a major "problem" whose treatment options are varied and numerous, all with hopes of improving the appearance of cellulite and maintaining its response over a period of time. The purpose of this article is to review cellulite, its predisposing factors, its classification, and some of the more common devices now in use to treat the disorder.
Topics: Cosmetic Techniques; Dermis; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Humans; Low-Level Light Therapy; Massage; Subcutaneous Fat
PubMed: 22726640
DOI: 10.1111/j.1610-0387.2012.07950.x -
Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za... May 2024To summarize the dynamic and synchronized changes between the hair cycle and dermal adipose tissue as well as the impact of dermal adipose tissue on hair growth, and to... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To summarize the dynamic and synchronized changes between the hair cycle and dermal adipose tissue as well as the impact of dermal adipose tissue on hair growth, and to provide a new research idea for the clinical treatment of hair loss.
METHODS
An extensive review of relevant literature both domestic and international was conducted, analyzing and summarizing the impact of dermal adipose precursor cells, mature dermal adipocytes, and the processes of adipogenesis in dermal adipose tissue on the transition of hair cycle phases.
RESULTS
Dermal adipose tissue is anatomically adjacent to hair follicles and closely related to the changes in the hair cycle. The proliferation and differentiation of dermal adipose precursor cells promote the transition of hair cycle from telogen to anagen, while mature adipocytes can accelerate the transition from anagen to catagen of the hair cycle by expressing signaling molecules, with adipogenesis in dermal adipose tissue and hair cycle transition signaling coexistence.
CONCLUSION
Dermal adipose tissue affects the transition of the hair cycle and regulates hair growth by secreting various signaling molecules. However, the quantity and depth of existing literature are far from sufficient to fully elucidate its prominent role in regulating the hair cycle, and the specific regulatory mechanisms needs to be further studied.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Adipocytes; Adipogenesis; Adipose Tissue; Alopecia; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Dermis; Hair; Hair Follicle; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 38752252
DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202402092 -
Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the... Jan 2008Hair follicles are the organs that produce hair shafts. They periodically regenerate throughout the life of the organisms, which is called the hair cycle. To develop new... (Review)
Review
Hair follicles are the organs that produce hair shafts. They periodically regenerate throughout the life of the organisms, which is called the hair cycle. To develop new drugs to treat hair disorders and diseases, reproducible and high throughput assays or screening methods have been required to estimate the efficacy of various factors on hair follicle function. Although organ culture of hair follicles is one of the useful ways to carry out such research, it is not suitable for manipulating the genes or cells present in hair follicles. Patch assay is a method used to reconstruct hair follicles from enzymatically dissociated skin cells and has many advantages compared to the conventional Chamber method. Using the Patch method, transferring genes into follicular cells becomes easier than ever before. Chimeric follicles could be produced with dissociated cells by modifying the combination of cells or by simply merging cells of different origins. These applications certainly help the progress of hair research. However, we recently found that some functions of dermal papillae and follicular epithelia change during the growing phase (anagen) of the hair cycle. Dermal papillae produce different factors in early anagen and mid anagen. The signals from dermal papillae in early anagen could produce hair bulbs with clonogenic epithelial precursors but not with dormant epithelial precursors. On the other hand, the signals from dermal papillae in mid anagen strongly promote hair formation with dormant epithelial precursors. Therefore, more attention should be given to the hair cycle stages when using organ culture of hair follicles and conducting reconstruction experiments with follicularly derived cells.
Topics: Animals; Cell Proliferation; Dermis; Drug Design; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Epithelial Cells; Gene Transfer Techniques; Hair Diseases; Hair Follicle; Humans; Organ Culture Techniques; Regeneration; Regenerative Medicine
PubMed: 18176051
DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.128.11 -
Diagnostic Pathology Aug 2012In this study, the clinical and morphological features of vesiculobullous lesions observed in Kaposi sarcoma are analyzed, and the features of bullous Kaposi sarcoma...
BACKGROUND
In this study, the clinical and morphological features of vesiculobullous lesions observed in Kaposi sarcoma are analyzed, and the features of bullous Kaposi sarcoma cases are emphasized.
METHODS
A total of 178 biopsy materials of 75 cases diagnosed as classic-type cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma were reviewed. Twenty-five cases showing vesiculobullous features were included in the study. Tumor, epidermis, dermis, and clinical data regarding these cases was evaluated.
RESULTS
Vesicular changes were observed in 21 (12%) out of 178 lesions of the 75 cases, while bullous changes were present in only 4 (2%). In all cases where vesicular and bullous changes were detected, tumor, epidermis, and dermis changes were similar. All cases were nodular stage KS lesions, whereas hyperkeratosis and serum exudation in the epidermis, marked edema in the dermis, and enlarged lymphatic vessels and chronic inflammatory response were observed.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that changes in vascular resistance occurring during tumor progression are the most important factors comprising vesiculobullous morphology.
VIRTUAL SLIDES
The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1646397188748474.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy; Blister; Dermis; Disease Progression; Epidermis; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Lymphatic Vessels; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Sarcoma, Kaposi; Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 22894735
DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-7-101