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Skin Research and Technology : Official... Nov 2023Alopecia areata (AA), trichotillomania (TM), nevus sebaceous (NS), and linear scleroderma en coup de sabre (LSCS) can all present with a patch of linear alopecia, making...
BACKGROUND
Alopecia areata (AA), trichotillomania (TM), nevus sebaceous (NS), and linear scleroderma en coup de sabre (LSCS) can all present with a patch of linear alopecia, making diagnosis challenging. The purpose of this study was to combine reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and dermoscopy in the diagnosis of these lesions in children.
METHODS
A total of 36 patients with linear alopecia were enrolled, of whom 14 had AA, seven had TM, nine had NS, and six had LSCS. We evaluated the characteristics and distinguishing features of the four conditions using RCM and dermoscopy.
RESULTS
The key to differential diagnosis was the dermal Hair follicle density in the dermis was decreased in AA, and the size and density of the follicular openings were normal in TM. In NS, the major features were petal-like and frogspawn-like structures. In LSCS, dermal papillary rings, sebaceous glands, and follicles were partially or completely missing, and abundant fibrous material was distributed in the dermis. Dermoscopy revealed alopecia, and all four conditions resulted in decreased hair density. AA patients exhibited yellow dots, black dots, and exclamation mark hairs. TM patients presented with irregularly broken hairs and blood spots. Both NS and LSCS patients exhibited an absence of follicular openings; NS patients demonstrated whitish and yellowish round structures, while an atrophic area with white patches, linear vessels, and no yellow or black dots was observed in LSCS patients CONCLUSION: RCM combined with dermoscopy can provide additional information on disease states and differentiate between AA, TM, NS, and LSCS.
Topics: Humans; Child; Dermoscopy; Cues; Alopecia Areata; Hair; Alopecia; Hair Diseases
PubMed: 38009024
DOI: 10.1111/srt.13523 -
Skin Research and Technology : Official... Jan 2024There are no standards for evaluating skin photoaging. Dermoscopy is a non-invasive detection method that might be useful for evaluating photoaging.
BACKGROUND
There are no standards for evaluating skin photoaging. Dermoscopy is a non-invasive detection method that might be useful for evaluating photoaging.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the correlation between the dermoscopic evaluation of photoaging and clinical and pathological evaluations.
METHODS
The age, clinical evaluation (Fitzpatrick classification, Glogau Photoaging Classification, and Chung's standardized image ruler), histopathology (Masson staining and MMP-1 immunohistochemistry), and dermoscopy (Hu's and Isik's) of 40 donor skin samples were analyzed statistically, and Spearman rank correlation analysis was performed.
RESULTS
There was a robust correlation between the total Hu scores and Isik dermoscopy. The correlation of dermoscopy with histopathology was higher than that of clinical evaluation methods. There is a strong correlation between telangiectases and lentigo. Xerosis, superficial wrinkle, diffuse erythema, telangiectases, and reticular pigmentation were significantly correlated with the three clinical evaluation methods. Superficial wrinkles were correlated with Masson, MMP-1, various clinical indicators, and other dermoscopic items.
CONCLUSION
There is a good correlation between dermoscopy and clinical and histopathological examination. Dermoscopy might help evaluate skin photoaging.
Topics: Humans; Skin Aging; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; Dermoscopy; Lentigo; Telangiectasis; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 38221782
DOI: 10.1111/srt.13578 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2018
Topics: Dermoscopy; Humans; Hyperpigmentation; India; Lichen Planus
PubMed: 29600797
DOI: 10.4103/ijdvl.IJDVL_103_18 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2018
Topics: Adult; Dermoscopy; Humans; Male; Parapsoriasis; Syphilis
PubMed: 29873313
DOI: 10.4103/ijdvl.IJDVL_305_18 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2021Dermoscopy is an essential in vivo diagnostic technique in the clinical evaluation of skin tumors. Currently, the same can also be said about its implications when... (Review)
Review
Dermoscopy is an essential in vivo diagnostic technique in the clinical evaluation of skin tumors. Currently, the same can also be said about its implications when approaching different clinical situations in Dermatology. A growing number of reports on dermatological scenarios and diseases have been published, in which dermoscopy has been of great diagnostic help. The term "entomodermoscopy" was coined to describe dermoscopic findings in skin infestations and also in dermatoses of infectious etiology. In part I of this article, the main dermoscopic descriptions of zoodermatoses and bacterial infections will be addressed. In many of them, such as scabies, pediculosis, myiasis, and tungiasis, it is possible to identify the pathogen and, consequently, attain the diagnosis more quickly and use the technique to follow-up therapeutic effectiveness. In other situations that will be described, dermoscopy can allow the observation of clinical findings with greater detail, rule out differential diagnoses, and increase the level of confidence in a clinical suspicion.
Topics: Bacterial Infections; Dermoscopy; Humans; Skin Diseases; Skin Diseases, Parasitic; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 34620524
DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2021.04.007 -
Skin Research and Technology : Official... May 2022In recent years, melanoma is rising at a faster rate compared to other cancers. Although it is the most serious type of skin cancer, the diagnosis at early stages makes...
BACKGROUND
In recent years, melanoma is rising at a faster rate compared to other cancers. Although it is the most serious type of skin cancer, the diagnosis at early stages makes it curable. Dermoscopy is a reliable medical technique used to detect melanoma by using a dermoscope to examine the skin. In the last few decades, digital imaging devices have made great progress which allowed capturing and storing high-quality images from these examinations. The stored images are now being standardized and used for the automatic detection of melanoma. However, when the hair covers the skin, this makes the task challenging. Therefore, it is important to eliminate the hair to get accurate results.
METHODS
In this paper, we propose a simple yet efficient method for hair removal using a variational autoencoder without the need for paired samples. The encoder takes as input a dermoscopy image and builds a latent distribution that ignores hair as it is considered noise, while the decoder reconstructs a hair-free image. Both encoder and decoder use a decent convolutional neural networks architecture that provides high performance. The construction of our model comprises two stages of training. In the first stage, the model has trained on hair-occluded images to output hair-free images, and in the second stage, it is optimized using hair-free images to preserve the image textures. Although the variational autoencoder produces hair-free images, it does not maintain the quality of the generated images. Thus, we explored the use of three-loss functions including the structural similarity index (SSIM), L1-norm, and L2-norm to improve the visual quality of the generated images.
RESULTS
The evaluation of the hair-free reconstructed images is carried out using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (SNE) feature mapping by visualizing the distribution of the real hair-free images and the synthesized hair-free images. The conducted experiments on the publicly available dataset HAM10000 show that our method is very efficient.
Topics: Algorithms; Dermoscopy; Hair Removal; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Melanoma; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 35254677
DOI: 10.1111/srt.13145 -
Actas Dermo-sifiliograficas Oct 2016In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a relatively novel non-invasive tool for microscopic evaluation of the skin used prevalently for diagnosis and... (Review)
Review
In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a relatively novel non-invasive tool for microscopic evaluation of the skin used prevalently for diagnosis and management of skin tumour. Its axial resolution, its non-invasive and easy clinical application represents the goals for a large diffusion of this technique. During the last 15 years, RCM has been demonstrated to be able to increase the sensibility and sensitivity of dermoscopy in the diagnosis of skin tumours integrating in real time clinic, dermoscopic and microscopic information useful for the definition of malignancy. Despite to date, no large comparative studies on inflammatory skin diseases has been published in the literature, several papers already showed that RCM has a potential for the evaluation of the descriptive features of the most common inflammatory skin diseases as psoriasis, lupus erythematosus, contact dermatitis and others. The aim of the application of this technique in non-neoplastic skin diseases has been prevalently focused on the possibility of clinical diagnosis confirmation, as well as therapeutic management. Moreover, the use of RCM as driver for an optimised skin biopsy has been also followed in order to reduce the number of unsuccessful histopathological examination. In this review article we describe the confocal features of the major groups of inflammatory skin disorders focusing on psoriasiform dermatitis, interface dermatitis and spongiotic dermatitis.
Topics: Dermatitis; Dermoscopy; Diagnosis, Differential; Epidermis; Humans; Microscopy, Confocal; Psoriasis; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 26996333
DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2016.01.010 -
Journal of Biomedical Optics Jun 2013Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive diagnostic method that offers a view into the superficial layers of the skin in vivo in real-time. An infrared... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive diagnostic method that offers a view into the superficial layers of the skin in vivo in real-time. An infrared broadband light source allows the investigation of skin architecture and changes up to a depth of 1 to 2 mm with a resolution between 15 and 3 μm, depending on the system used. Thus OCT enables evaluation of skin lesions, especially nonmelanoma skin cancers and inflammatory diseases, quantification of skin changes, visualization of parasitic infestations, and examination of other indications such as the investigation of nails. OCT provides a quick and useful diagnostic imaging technique for a number of clinical questions and is a valuable addition or complement to other noninvasive imaging tools such as dermoscopy, high-frequency ultrasound, and confocal laser scan microscopy.
Topics: Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Dermatology; Dermoscopy; Humans; Keratosis, Actinic; Luminescent Measurements; Melanoma; Microscopy, Confocal; Optical Phenomena; Skin; Skin Diseases; Skin Neoplasms; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 23314617
DOI: 10.1117/1.JBO.18.6.061224 -
PloS One 2023Dermoscopy is a safe, rapid, and non-invasive tool that aids in the clinical examination of pigmented and non-pigmented lesions. The upward trend in the use of...
INTRODUCTION
Dermoscopy is a safe, rapid, and non-invasive tool that aids in the clinical examination of pigmented and non-pigmented lesions. The upward trend in the use of dermoscopy can be attributed to the availability of compact hand-held and sophisticated dermoscopes, that are small enough to be carried around in a pocket. The extent of dermoscopy is not only limited to the evaluation of cutaneous lesions but also involves its use in the assessment of mucosal lesions along with lesions of hair and nails.
METHODS
In a descriptive cross-sectional study, subjects (n = 100) with oral or genital mucosal lesions will be enrolled. Following a thorough clinical examination, a dermoscopy of the lesion will be performed with Dermlite DL4© Dermoscope, having a magnification of 10x. Images obtained would be stored and evaluated for observing specific morphologic patterns on dermoscopy which would be utilized to describe those patterns and arrive at a specific diagnosis. Descriptive statistics will include mean and standard deviation to summarise quantitative variation. Dermoscopic features of oral and genital mucosal lesions will be estimated in percentage.
PURPOSE OF STUDY
Mucosal lesions several times mimic each other morphologically. Performing a biopsy is not always feasible for oral and genital lesions because they may be difficult to reach and tend to bleed more profusely compared to the skin surface due to its rich vascular nature. Dermoscopy is a non-invasive tool that helps in the diagnosis that is used mostly for the evaluation of non-mucosal lesions. For the same reason, there is no or minimal information in the published literature with regard to dermoscopic patterns of mucosal lesions. The current study intends to describe dermoscopic patterns in oral and genital mucosal diseases so that this important information would assist the diagnosis in a non-invasive manner thereby reducing the need for invasive investigations like mucosal biopsy.
EXPECTED CLINICAL OUTCOMES
To summarize, this research is intended to add to the scarce literature on dermoscopic findings of oral and genital mucosal lesions. The study findings would establish the diagnosis and eliminate the need for unwarranted invasive biopsies of mucosal lesions and, if need be, help in the selection of the biopsy site.
Topics: Humans; Skin Neoplasms; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dermoscopy; Biopsy; Genitalia
PubMed: 37582080
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289562 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2013This statement, focused on melanonychia and nail plate dermoscopy, is intended to guide medical professionals working with melanonychia and to assist choosing...
This statement, focused on melanonychia and nail plate dermoscopy, is intended to guide medical professionals working with melanonychia and to assist choosing appropriate management for melanonychia patients. The International Study Group on Melanonychia was founded in 2007 and currently has 30 members, including nail experts and dermatopathologists with special expertise in nails. The need for common definitions of nail plate dermoscopy was addressed during the Second Meeting of this Group held in February 2008. Prior to this meeting and to date (2010) there have been no evidence-based guidelines on the use of dermoscopy in the management of nail pigmentation.
Topics: Consensus; Dermoscopy; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Melanoma; Nail Diseases; Pigmentation Disorders; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 23739699
DOI: 10.1590/S0365-05962013000200029