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Sexually Transmitted Infections Feb 2020Recent studies have identified vaginal bacterial taxa associated with increased HIV risk. A possible mechanism to explain these results is that individual taxa...
OBJECTIVES
Recent studies have identified vaginal bacterial taxa associated with increased HIV risk. A possible mechanism to explain these results is that individual taxa differentially promote cervicovaginal inflammation. This study aimed to explore relationships between concentrations of bacteria previously linked to HIV acquisition and vaginal concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines.
METHODS
In this cross-sectional analysis, concentrations of 17 bacterial taxa and four proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)) and two proinflammatory chemokines (IL-8 and interferon gamma-induced protein 10) were measured in vaginal swabs collected from 80 HIV-uninfected women. Cytokine and chemokine concentrations were compared between women with bacterial concentrations above or below the lower limit of detection as determined by quantitative PCR for each taxon. Principal component analysis was used to create a summary score for closely correlated bacteria, and linear regression analysis was used to evaluate associations between this score and increasing concentrations of TNFα and IL-1β.
RESULTS
Detection of (p=0.01), sp type 1 (p=0.05) or (p=0.03) was associated with higher TNFα concentrations, and detection of (p<0.01) sp type 1 (p=0.04) (p=0.02) or sp type 2 (p=0.05) was associated with significantly higher IL-1β concentrations. Seven bacterial taxa (, sp type 1, sp, sp, and sp type 2) were found to be highly correlated by principal component analysis (eigenvalue 5.24, explaining 74.92% of variability). Linear regression analysis demonstrated associations between this principal component and concentrations of TNFα (β=0.55, 95% CI 0.01 to 1.08; p=0.048) and IL-1β (β=0.96, 95% CI 0.19 to 1.74; p=0.016).
CONCLUSIONS
This study provides evidence that several highly correlated vaginal bacterial taxa may influence vaginal cytokine and chemokine concentrations. These results suggest a mechanism where the presence of specific bacterial taxa could influence HIV susceptibility by increasing vaginal inflammation.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bacteria; Chemokines; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cytokines; Disease Susceptibility; Female; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Interleukin-1beta; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Vagina; Young Adult
PubMed: 31197065
DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2018-053949 -
JCI Insight Apr 2021The foreskin is a site of heterosexual acquisition of HIV-1 among uncircumcised men. However, some men remain HIV-negative despite repeated, unprotected vaginal...
The foreskin is a site of heterosexual acquisition of HIV-1 among uncircumcised men. However, some men remain HIV-negative despite repeated, unprotected vaginal intercourse with HIV-positive partners, while others become infected after few exposures. The foreskin microbiome includes a diverse group of anaerobic bacteria that have been linked to HIV acquisition. However, these anaerobes tend to coassociate, making it difficult to determine which species might increase HIV risk and which may be innocent bystanders. Here, we show that 6 specific anaerobic bacterial species, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Prevotella bivia, Prevotella disiens, Dialister propionicifaciens, Dialister micraerophilus, and a genetic near neighbor of Dialister succinatiphilus, significantly increased cytokine production, recruited HIV-susceptible CD4+ T cells to the inner foreskin, and were associated with HIV acquisition. This strongly suggests that the penile microbiome increases host susceptibility to HIV and that these species are potential targets for microbiome-based prevention strategies.
Topics: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Case-Control Studies; Cytokines; Foreskin; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; HIV-1; Humans; Inflammation; Male; Microbiota; Odds Ratio; Penis; Peptostreptococcus; Prevotella; Risk Factors; Veillonellaceae
PubMed: 33884964
DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.147363 -
PloS One 2022Over the last two decades, the incidence of gestational diabetes (GDM) has almost doubled resulting in almost 9% of pregnant women diagnosed with GDM. Occurring more...
Association between microbial composition, diversity, and function of the maternal gastrointestinal microbiome with impaired glucose tolerance on the glucose challenge test.
Over the last two decades, the incidence of gestational diabetes (GDM) has almost doubled resulting in almost 9% of pregnant women diagnosed with GDM. Occurring more frequently than GDM is impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), also known as pre-diabetes, but it has been understudied during pregnancy resulting in a lack of clinical recommendations of maternal and fetal surveillance. The purpose of this retrospective, cross-sectional study was to examine the association between microbial diversity and function of the maternal microbiome with IGT while adjusting for confounding variables. We hypothesized that reduced maternal microbial diversity and increased gene abundance for insulin resistance function will be associated with IGT as defined by a value greater than 140 mg/dL on the glucose challenge test. In the examination of microbial composition between women with IGT and those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), we found five taxa which were significantly different. Taxa higher in participants with impaired glucose tolerance were Ruminococcacea (p = 0.01), Schaalia turicensis (p<0.05), Oscillibacter (p = 0.03), Oscillospiraceae (p = 0.02), and Methanobrevibacter smithii (p = 0.04). When we further compare participants who have IGT by their pre-gravid BMI, five taxa are significantly different between the BMI groups, Enterobacteriaceae, Dialister micraerophilus, Campylobacter ureolyticus, Proteobacteria, Streptococcus Unclassified (species). All four metrics including the Shannon (p<0.00), Simpson (p<0.00), Inverse Simpson (p = 0.04), and Chao1 (p = 0.04), showed a significant difference in alpha diversity with increased values in the impaired glucose tolerance group. Our study highlights the important gastrointestinal microbiome changes in women with IGT during pregnancy. Understanding the role of the microbiome in regulating glucose tolerance during pregnancy helps clinicians and researchers to understand the importance of IGT as a marker for adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Glucose Intolerance; Blood Glucose; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Retrospective Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes, Gestational; Glucose
PubMed: 36584051
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271261 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Jan 2024Infection by Dialister micraerophilus, an obligate anaerobic gram-negative bacillus, has rarely been described, and its clinical characteristics remain unclear.
BACKGROUND
Infection by Dialister micraerophilus, an obligate anaerobic gram-negative bacillus, has rarely been described, and its clinical characteristics remain unclear.
CASE PRESENTATION
We report a case of bacteremia caused by D. micraerophilus, Enterocloster clostridioformis, and Eggerthella lenta in a 47-year-old woman, associated with pyometra. D. micraerophilus was identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. D. micraerophilus was detected by polymerase chain reaction using D. micraerophilus-specific primers and E. clostridioformis and E. lenta was isolated from the drainage pus sample obtained from the pyometra uterus. The patient achieved a cure after abscess drainage and 2-week antibiotic treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of D. micraerophilus bacteremia. D. micraerophilus may be associated with gynecological infections. Clinicians should consider both oral and gynecological sites when searching to identify the focus of D. micraerophilus infection.
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Pyometra; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Bacteroides; Clostridium; Bacteremia; Clostridiales; Actinobacteria; Veillonellaceae
PubMed: 38267864
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-08999-6 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Dec 2007Seventy-four strains representing the four species of the genus Dialister were isolated from various clinical samples. Dialister pneumosintes and Dialister...
Seventy-four strains representing the four species of the genus Dialister were isolated from various clinical samples. Dialister pneumosintes and Dialister micraerophilus were the two mainly encountered species. Fifty-five isolates were tested against 14 antimicrobial agents. Decreased susceptibilities to piperacillin, metronidazole, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, and rifampin were demonstrated. The clinical impact of these decreased susceptibilities remains to be investigated but should prompt microbiologists to perform antimicrobial susceptibility testing for clinically important Dialister spp.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Species Specificity; Veillonellaceae
PubMed: 17923492
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00538-07 -
PloS One 2017Dental caries is the most prevalent disease in humans globally. Efforts to control it have been invigorated by an increasing knowledge of the oral microbiome...
Dental caries is the most prevalent disease in humans globally. Efforts to control it have been invigorated by an increasing knowledge of the oral microbiome composition. This study aimed to evaluate the bacterial diversity in occlusal biofilms and its relationship with clinical surface diagnosis and dietary habits. Anamneses were recorded from thirteen 12-year-old children. Biofilm samples collected from occlusal surfaces of 46 permanent second molars were analyzed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing combined with the BLASTN-based search algorithm for species identification. The overall mean decayed, missing and filled surfaces modified index [DMFSm Index, including active white spot lesions (AWSL)] value was 8.77±7.47. Biofilm communities were highly polymicrobial collectively, representing 10 bacterial phyla, 25 classes, 29 orders, 58 families, 107 genera, 723 species. Streptococcus sp_Oral_Taxon_065, Corynebacterium matruchotii, Actinomyces viscosus, Actinomyces sp_Oral_Taxon_175, Actinomyces sp_Oral_Taxon_178, Actinomyces sp_Oral_Taxon_877, Prevotella nigrescens, Dialister micraerophilus, Eubacterium_XI G 1 infirmum were more abundant among surfaces with AWSL, and Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus sp._Oral_Taxon_058, Enterobacter sp._str._638 Streptococcus australis, Yersinia mollaretii, Enterobacter cloacae, Streptococcus sp._Oral_Taxon_71, Streptococcus sp._Oral_Taxon_F11, Centipeda sp._Oral_Taxon_D18 were more abundant among sound surfaces. Streptococcus mutans was detected on all surfaces in all patients, while Streptococcus sobrinus was detected only in three patients (mean relative abundances 7.1% and 0.6%, respectively). Neither species differentiated healthy from diseased sites. Diets of nine of the subjects were scored as high in fermentable carbohydrates (≧2X/day between meals). A direct association between relative abundances of bacteria and carbohydrate consumption was observed among 18 species. High consumption of fermentable carbohydrates and sound surfaces were associated with a reduction in bacterial diversity. PCoA plots displayed differences in bacterial community profiles between sound and diseased surfaces. Our study showed that, in addition to mutans streptococci, other species may be associated with the initiation of dental caries on occlusal surfaces, and that biofilm diversity of tooth surfaces is influenced by carbohydrate consumption and a surface's health status.
Topics: Bacteria; Brazil; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Caries; Diet; Female; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Mouth; Surface Properties
PubMed: 28678838
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180621 -
European Journal of Medical Research Mar 2024The vaginal microbiota plays an important role in the health of the female reproductive tract and is closely associated with various pregnancy outcomes and sexually...
The vaginal microbiota plays an important role in the health of the female reproductive tract and is closely associated with various pregnancy outcomes and sexually transmitted diseases. Plenty of internal and external factors have strong influence on the changes in a woman's vaginal microbiome. However, the effect of a high-altitude on female vaginal microbiota has not been described. In this study, we characterized the vaginal bacteriome and virome of 13 and 34 healthy women living in high-altitude and sea-level areas, using whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing of their vaginal mucus samples. The results revealed that the vaginal bacteriomes of high-altitude individuals are featured by a significant increase of species diversity, depletion of Lactobacillus crispatus, and more abundant of some anaerobic bacteria, such as Chlamydia trachomatis, Mageeibacillus indolicus, Dialister micraerophilus, and Sneathia amnii). In addition, the vagina samples of sea-level subjects harbor more Lactobacillus strains, whereas the anaerobic bacteroidetes strains mostly appeared in high-altitude subjects. Identified and assembled 191 virus operational taxonomic units (vOTUs), there were significant differences in the abundance of 107 vOTUs between the two groups. Together, the results of this study raised the understanding of bacteriome and virome in the vagina of women at different elevations, and demonstrated that the vaginal microbiome is related to the high-altitude geographic adaptation.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Virome; Altitude; Vagina; Microbiota; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Viruses
PubMed: 38454476
DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01391-1 -
F&S Science Feb 2024To explore the taxonomic and predicted functional relationship between the urine microbiome and alterations of semen analysis (SA) parameters.
OBJECTIVE
To explore the taxonomic and predicted functional relationship between the urine microbiome and alterations of semen analysis (SA) parameters.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.
SETTING
Academic medical center.
PATIENT(S)
Men presenting for fertility evaluation or men presenting for vasectomy consultation with proven biological paternity were recruited and stratified on the basis of alterations, or lack thereof, in SA parameters.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Changes in the functional and taxonomic urine microbiome profiles of participants with or without alterations in SA parameters.
RESULTS
Seventy-three participants were included in our study. Men with abnormal sperm motility (N = 27) showed a nearly 50-fold higher abundance of Dialister micraerophilus compared with those with normal sperm motility (N = 46). This relationship persisted on canonical correlational analysis (r = 0.439). Men with abnormal sperm concentration (N = 20) showed a lower abundance of Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus, compared with those with normal sperm concentration (N = 53). The urine of participants with impaired sperm motility demonstrated dramatic differences in predictive functional profiles in pathways involved in oxidation-reduction balance and cell longevity.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings underscore differences in the urinary microbiome and abnormalities in semen parameters, especially sperm motility. By incorporating predictive functional profiling, we also highlight possible mechanisms that may drive the observed differences in sperm parameters.
PubMed: 38336233
DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2024.01.002