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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy May 2003The ant(4')-IIb gene of Pseudomonas aeruginosa BM4492, which encodes an aminoglycoside 4'-O-adenylyltransferase, was identified as a coding sequence of 756 bp...
The ant(4')-IIb gene of Pseudomonas aeruginosa BM4492, which encodes an aminoglycoside 4'-O-adenylyltransferase, was identified as a coding sequence of 756 bp corresponding to a protein with a calculated mass of 27,219 Da. Analysis of the deduced sequence indicated that the protein was related to aminoglycoside 4'-O-adenylyltransferases IIa and Ia found in P. aeruginosa and gram-positive bacteria, respectively. The enzyme conferred resistance to amikacin and tobramycin but not to dibekacin, gentamicin, or netilmicin. The ant(4')-IIb gene had a chromosomal location in five of six clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa tested and was plasmid borne in the remaining strain. The ant(4')-IIb gene was detected by PCR in some clinical strains of P. aeruginosa from the same hospital but not in members of other bacterial genera.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; Molecular Sequence Data; Open Reading Frames; Pseudomonas aeruginosa
PubMed: 12709326
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.47.5.1584-1588.2003 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Aug 1984Approximately 40% of Escherichia coli strains isolated from clinical specimens at the Institute of Medical Microbiology of the University of Zurich were resistant to...
Approximately 40% of Escherichia coli strains isolated from clinical specimens at the Institute of Medical Microbiology of the University of Zurich were resistant to kanamycin but susceptible to tobramycin in disk diffusion tests. Whereas 50% of these strains required a MIC of 7 micrograms of tobramycin per ml to inhibit 1 x 10(5) to 4 x 10(5) cells, 20% of them required a concentration of 8 micrograms or more of the drug per ml. The disk diffusion test, therefore, failed to detect resistance to tobramycin in kanamycin-resistant E. coli strains. Cell extracts from two representative strains phosphorylated and inactivated kanamycin, amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, 3',4'-dideoxykanamycin B (dibekacin), butirosin, lividomycin,and ribostamycin, which together constituted a novel spectrum of substrates for the enzymatic activity.
Topics: Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia coli; Kanamycin; Kanamycin Kinase; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phosphorylation; Phosphotransferases; Tobramycin
PubMed: 6092419
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.20.2.295-297.1984 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical... 1998The purpose of this work was to predict plasma peak and trough levels of an aminoglycoside antibiotic in patients with severe illness in an intensive care unit by a...
PURPOSE
The purpose of this work was to predict plasma peak and trough levels of an aminoglycoside antibiotic in patients with severe illness in an intensive care unit by a novel approach. Plasma levels were predicted based on the values of 15 physiological measurements using an artificial neural network (ANN) simulator.
METHOD
A data set of 15 physiological measurements for 30 patients was used to develop the model. The ANN structure consisted of three layers: an input layer comprised of 15 processing elements, a hidden layer comprised of 10 processing elements with a sigmoid function as an activation function, and an output layer of two processing elements (peak and trough levels). The weight between neurons was trained according to the delta rule back-propagation of errors algorithm. Predicted values were obtained by "leave-one-out" experiments by both ANN and multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA).
RESULTS
The correlation coefficients between observed and predicted values obtained by ANN prediction using standardized data sets were r=0.825 and r=0.854 for peak and trough levels, respectively. The correlation coefficients obtained by MLRA were r=0. 037 and r=0.276 for peak and trough levels, respectively. These results indicate that ANN shows better performance in prediction of aminoglycoside plasma levels from patients' physiological measurements than MLRA.
CONCLUSIONS
Prediction of plasma levels of antibiotic in patients with severe illness by ANN was superior to the standard statistical method. Standardization of input data was found to be important for better prediction. ANN has some advantages over standard statistical methods, as it can recognize complex relationships in the data.
Topics: Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Critical Illness; Dibekacin; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Middle Aged; Neural Networks, Computer; Regression Analysis
PubMed: 10948396
DOI: No ID Found -
Anticancer Research Aug 2009A case of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-pyomyositis in association with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is reported. MRSA-sepsis developed in a...
BACKGROUND
A case of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-pyomyositis in association with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is reported. MRSA-sepsis developed in a 51-year-old Japanese man with AML, during the neutropenic period after high-dose 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine (Ara-C). Although the MRSA-sepsis initially improved with arbekacin sulfate (ABK) administration, a high fever recurred with left thigh pain despite recovery of the neutrophil count after ABK was stopped. A computed tomographic (CT) scan showed a low-density area in the left quadriceps femoris muscle, which led to a diagnosis of pyomyositis. MRSA was cultured from the abscess aspirates. The fever and thigh pain disappeared after administration of ABK and minocycline hydrochloride (MINO), and the abscess completely disappeared with the oral administration of levofloxacin (LVFX) for about 3 months.
CONCLUSION
If an immunocompromised patient complains of fever and muscle pain after intensive chemotherapy, MRSA-pyomyositis should be considered.
Topics: Abscess; Anti-Infective Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Dibekacin; Fever; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Methicillin Resistance; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Middle Aged; Pyomyositis; Remission Induction; Staphylococcal Infections
PubMed: 19661356
DOI: No ID Found -
Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin Mar 2006An extract from ginger (root of Zingiber officinale) reduced the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of aminoglycosides in vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE)....
An extract from ginger (root of Zingiber officinale) reduced the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of aminoglycosides in vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). The effective compound was isolated and identified as [10]-gingerol. In the presence of [10]-gingerol at 1/10 concentration of its own MIC, the MIC of arbekacin was lowered by 1/32 to 1/16. [10]-Gingerol also reduced the MICs of other aminoglycosides, and of bacitracin and polymixin B, but not of other antimicrobial agents tested. Because [10]-gingerol reduced the MICs of several aminoglycosides both in strains possessing or lacking aminoglycoside-modification enzymes, it seems that the effect of [10]-gingerol is not related to these enzymes, which mainly confer bacterial resistance against aminoglycosides. It seemed that a detergent-like effect of [10]-gingerol potentiated the antimicrobial activity of the aminoglycosides. In fact, some detergents such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Triton X-100 reduced the MICs of aminoglycosides, bacitracin and polymixin B in VRE. Since the intrinsic resistance to aminoglycosides in enterococci is due to low level of entry of the drugs into the cells, increase in the membrane permeability caused by [10]-gingerol will enhance the influx of aminoglycosides into enterococcal cells.
Topics: Acetyltransferases; Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Catechols; Cell Count; Colony Count, Microbial; Detergents; Dibekacin; Drug Synergism; Enterococcus faecalis; Fatty Alcohols; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mutagens; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Structure-Activity Relationship; Surface-Active Agents; Vancomycin Resistance
PubMed: 16508142
DOI: 10.1248/bpb.29.443 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Jan 1981Dibekacin, a new parenteral aminoglycoside, was compared with gentamicin in vitro against 221 clinical isolates. Tests for minimum inhibitory concentrations, performed... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Dibekacin, a new parenteral aminoglycoside, was compared with gentamicin in vitro against 221 clinical isolates. Tests for minimum inhibitory concentrations, performed in agar, demonstrated that dibekacin was comparable to gentamicin against most isolates tested. Dibekacin was slightly more active than gentamicin against some isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but was significantly less active against strains of Serratia.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Dibekacin; Gentamicins; Kanamycin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Serratia marcescens
PubMed: 6787978
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.19.1.190 -
Annals of Laboratory Medicine Jul 2017
Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; DNA, Bacterial; Dibekacin; Female; Graft vs Host Disease; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasma hominis; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Soft Tissue Infections; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Tigecycline; Transplantation, Homologous
PubMed: 28445018
DOI: 10.3343/alm.2017.37.4.346 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Jul 2010We determined the in vitro MIC of arbekacin against 200 Acinetobacter isolates recovered from wounded soldiers. The median MIC was 2 microg/ml (range, 0.5 to > 64...
In vitro activity of the aminoglycoside antibiotic arbekacin against Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus isolated from war-wounded patients at Walter Reed Army Medical Center.
We determined the in vitro MIC of arbekacin against 200 Acinetobacter isolates recovered from wounded soldiers. The median MIC was 2 microg/ml (range, 0.5 to > 64 microg/ml). A total of 97.5% of the isolates had arbekacin MICs of < 8 microg/ml and 86.5% had MICs of < or = 4 microg/ml. There was no association between the arbekacin MIC and susceptibility to 16 other antibiotics or the specimen source (P = 0.7239). Synergy testing suggested an enhanced effect of arbekacin-carbapenem combinations.
Topics: Acinetobacter baumannii; Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carbapenems; Dibekacin; Hospitals, Military; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Warfare
PubMed: 20404121
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01173-09 -
The Tohoku Journal of Experimental... Nov 1985The enzymatic activity of bacterial beta-glucuronidase plays an essential role in the formation of calcium bilirubinate in bile. There are, however, many unsettled...
The enzymatic activity of bacterial beta-glucuronidase plays an essential role in the formation of calcium bilirubinate in bile. There are, however, many unsettled problems such as methodology of the assay for its enzymatic activity. In the present study (1) the azopigments from monoconjugated bilirubin (MCB) and unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) in native bile were semiquantitatively determined, (2) the deconjugation of conjugated bilirubin (CB) in bile was estimated with azopigment analysis and (3) factors affecting the deconjugation of CB in bile, especially for pH value, were investigated. CB in bile was stable at physiologic pH during 6-hr incubation at 37 degrees C, but was hydrolyzed at alkaline pH. At physiologic pH, addition of beta-glucuronidase from E. coli hydrolyzed CB in bile and increased MCB and UCB in bile. Based upon the results mentioned above, it is suggested that alkaline pH and enzymatic activity of beta-glucuronidase should cause the increase of UCB in bile. It can be said that beta-glucuronidase is essential for the formation of calcium bilirubinate gallstone at physiologic pH.
Topics: Bile; Bile Pigments; Bilirubin; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Dibekacin; Escherichia coli; Gallbladder Diseases; Glucuronidase; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrolysis; In Vitro Techniques
PubMed: 3911493
DOI: 10.1620/tjem.147.281 -
The Tohoku Journal of Experimental... Sep 1986Electron microscopy of thin sections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa IAM 1007 treated with dibekacin revealed blebs, disintegration of the outer membrane of the cell wall and...
Electron microscopy of thin sections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa IAM 1007 treated with dibekacin revealed blebs, disintegration of the outer membrane of the cell wall and degenerative features of the cytoplasm. In the next experiment, the cell wall fraction was isolated from the mechanically disrupted cells, incubated with dibekacin and was subjected to electron microscopy, in order to find a clue to the action mechanism of dibekacin on the cell wall of Pseudomonas aeruginosa IAM 1007. As a result, it was found that unidentified substances were released from the surface of the cell wall and that the outer membrane of the cell wall disappeared. The degree of changes of the cell wall ultrastructure was almost proportional to the length of incubation with dibekacin. These findings strongly suggest that dibekacin directly disintegrates the outer membrane of the cell wall of Pseudomonas aeruginosa IAM 1007.
Topics: Cell Membrane; Cell Nucleus; Cell Wall; Cytoplasm; Dibekacin; Kanamycin; Microscopy, Electron; Pseudomonas aeruginosa
PubMed: 3095954
DOI: 10.1620/tjem.150.69