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Frontiers in Neural Circuits 2021
Topics: Cerebral Cortex; Geniculate Bodies; Thalamus
PubMed: 33603649
DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.632668 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Oct 2021Social interactions occur in group settings and are mediated by communication signals that are exchanged between individuals, often using vocalizations. The neural...
Social interactions occur in group settings and are mediated by communication signals that are exchanged between individuals, often using vocalizations. The neural representation of group social communication remains largely unexplored. We conducted simultaneous wireless electrophysiological recordings from the frontal cortices of groups of Egyptian fruit bats engaged in both spontaneous and task-induced vocal interactions. We found that the activity of single neurons distinguished between vocalizations produced by self and by others, as well as among specific individuals. Coordinated neural activity among group members exhibited stable bidirectional interbrain correlation patterns specific to spontaneous communicative interactions. Tracking social and spatial arrangements within a group revealed a relationship between social preferences and intra- and interbrain activity patterns. Combined, these findings reveal a dedicated neural repertoire for group social communication within and across the brains of freely communicating groups of bats.
Topics: Animals; Chiroptera; Diencephalon; Echolocation; Female; Frontal Lobe; Male; Social Behavior; Social Interaction; Vocalization, Animal
PubMed: 34672724
DOI: 10.1126/science.aba9584 -
The Journal of Neuroscience : the... Nov 2010The embryonic diencephalon gives rise to the vertebrate thalamus and hypothalamus, which play essential roles in sensory information processing and control of... (Review)
Review
The embryonic diencephalon gives rise to the vertebrate thalamus and hypothalamus, which play essential roles in sensory information processing and control of physiological homeostasis and behavior, respectively. In this review, we present new steps toward characterizing the molecular pathways that control development of these structures, based on findings in a variety of model organisms. We highlight advances in understanding how early regional patterning is orchestrated through the action of secreted signaling molecules such as Sonic hedgehog and fibroblast growth factors. We address the role of individual transcription factors in control of the regional identity and neural differentiation within the developing diencephalon, emphasizing the contribution of recent large-scale gene expression studies in providing an extensive catalog of candidate regulators of hypothalamic neural cell fate specification. Finally, we evaluate the molecular mechanisms involved in the experience-dependent development of both thalamo-cortical and hypothalamic neural circuitry.
Topics: Animals; Body Patterning; Cell Differentiation; Hypothalamus; Nerve Net; Neurons; Thalamus
PubMed: 21068293
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4499-10.2010 -
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal... Apr 2009The dorsal diencephalon, or epithalamus, contains the bilaterally paired habenular nuclei and the pineal complex. The habenulae form part of the dorsal diencephalic... (Review)
Review
The dorsal diencephalon, or epithalamus, contains the bilaterally paired habenular nuclei and the pineal complex. The habenulae form part of the dorsal diencephalic conduction (DDC) system, a highly conserved pathway found in all vertebrates. In this review, we shall describe the neuroanatomy of the DDC, consider its physiology and behavioural involvement, and discuss examples of neural asymmetries within both habenular circuitry and the pineal complex. We will discuss studies in zebrafish, which have examined the organization and development of this circuit, uncovered how asymmetry is represented at the level of individual neurons and determined how such left-right differences arise during development.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Depression; Diencephalon; Dopamine; Functional Laterality; Habenula; Humans; Limbic System; Models, Animal; Motor Activity; Neural Pathways; Reward; Schizophrenia; Species Specificity; Substance-Related Disorders; Vertebrates
PubMed: 19064356
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0213 -
Headache Jan 1969
Review
Topics: Diencephalon; Humans; Limbic System; Models, Neurological; Nerve Endings; Neurophysiology; Pain; Perception; Reticular Formation; Sensation; Skin; Spinal Nerves
PubMed: 4896999
DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.1969.hed0804141.x -
Developmental Biology Nov 2010Otx2 is expressed in each step and site of head development. To dissect each Otx2 function we have identified a series of Otx2 enhancers. The Otx2 expression in the...
Otx2 is expressed in each step and site of head development. To dissect each Otx2 function we have identified a series of Otx2 enhancers. The Otx2 expression in the anterior neuroectoderm is regulated by the AN enhancer and the subsequent expression in forebrain and midbrain later than E8.5 by FM1 and FM2 enhancers; the Otx1 expression takes place at E8.0. In telencephalon later than E9.5 Otx1 continues to be expressed in the entire pallium, while the Otx2 expression is confined to the most medial pallium. To determine the Otx functions in forebrain and midbrain development we have generated mouse mutants that lack both FM1 and FM2 enhancers (DKO: Otx2(ΔFM1ΔFM2/ΔFM1ΔFM2)) and examined the TKO (Otx1(-/-)Otx2(ΔFM1ΔFM2/ΔFM1ΔFM2)) phenotype. The mutants develop normally until E8.0, but subsequently by E9.5 the diencephalon, including thalamic eminence and prethalamus, and the mesencephalon are caudalized into metencephalon consisting of isthmus and rhombomere 1; the caudalization does not extend to rhombomere 2 and more caudal rhombomeres. In rostral forebrain, neopallium, ganglionic eminences and hypothalamus in front of prethalamus develop; we propose that they become insensitive to the caudalization with the switch from the Otx2 expression under the AN enhancer to that under FM1 and FM2 enhancers. In contrast, the medial pallium requires Otx1 and Otx2 for its development later than E9.5, and the Otx2 expression in diencepalon and mesencephalon later than E9.5 is also directed by an enhancer other than FM1 and FM2 enhancers.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Body Patterning; Brain; DNA Primers; Diencephalon; Enhancer Elements, Genetic; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Mesencephalon; Metencephalon; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Mice, Mutant Strains; Mice, Transgenic; Otx Transcription Factors; Pregnancy
PubMed: 20816794
DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.08.028 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Jul 2015It has long been assumed that the main function of the mammillary bodies is to provide a relay for indirect hippocampal inputs to the anterior thalamic nuclei. Such... (Review)
Review
It has long been assumed that the main function of the mammillary bodies is to provide a relay for indirect hippocampal inputs to the anterior thalamic nuclei. Such models afford the mammillary bodies no independent role in memory and overlook the importance of their other, non-hippocampal, inputs. This review focuses on recent advances that herald a new understanding of the importance of the mammillary bodies, and their inputs from the limbic midbrain, for anterior thalamic function. It has become apparent that the mammillary bodies' contribution to memory is not dependent on afferents from the subicular complex. Rather, the ventral tegmental nucleus of Gudden is a vital source of inputs that support memory processes within the medial mammillary bodies. In parallel, the lateral mammillary bodies, via their connections with the dorsal tegmental nucleus of Gudden, are critical for generating head-direction signals. These two parallel, but distinct, information streams converge on the anterior thalamic nuclei and support different aspects of spatial memory.
Topics: Animals; Anterior Thalamic Nuclei; Hippocampus; Humans; Mammillary Bodies; Memory; Spatial Memory
PubMed: 25107491
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.07.025 -
Progress in Brain Research 2015The hippocampus receives two major external inputs from the diencephalon, that is, from the supramammillary nucleus (SUM) and nucleus reuniens (RE) of the midline... (Review)
Review
The hippocampus receives two major external inputs from the diencephalon, that is, from the supramammillary nucleus (SUM) and nucleus reuniens (RE) of the midline thalamus. These two afferents systems project to separate, nonoverlapping, regions of the hippocampus. Specifically, the SUM distributes to the dentate gyrus (DG) and to CA2 of the dorsal and ventral hippocampus, whereas RE projects to CA1 of the dorsal and ventral hippocampus and to the subiculum. SUM and RE fibers to the hippocampus participate in common as well as in separate functions. Both systems would appear to amplify signals from other sources to their respective hippocampal targets. SUM amplifies signals from the entorhinal cortex (EC) to DG, whereas RE may amplify them from CA3 (and EC) to CA1 of the hippocampus. This "amplification" may serve to promote the transfer, encoding, and possibly storage of information from EC to DG and from CA3 and EC to CA1. Regarding their unique actions on the hippocampus, the SUM is a vital part of an ascending brainstem to hippocampal system generating the theta rhythm of the hippocampus, whereas RE importantly routes information from the medial prefrontal cortex to the hippocampus to thereby mediate functions involving both structures. In summary, although, to date, SUM and RE afferents to the hippocampus have not been extensively explored, the SUM and RE exert a profound influence on the hippocampus in processes of learning and memory.
Topics: Animals; Electrophysiology; Hippocampus; Humans; Hypothalamus, Posterior; Learning; Midline Thalamic Nuclei; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Theta Rhythm
PubMed: 26072237
DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2015.03.008 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2021This study was aimed at establishing the subcorticals substrates of the cognitive and visceromotor circuits of the A32 and A25 cortices of the medial prefrontal cortex...
This study was aimed at establishing the subcorticals substrates of the cognitive and visceromotor circuits of the A32 and A25 cortices of the medial prefrontal cortex and their projections and interactions with subcortical complexes in the common marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus). The study was primarily restricted to the nuclei of the diencephalon and amygdala. The common marmoset is a neotropical primate of the new world, and the absence of telencephalic gyrus favors the mapping of neuronal fibers. The biotinylated dextran amine was employed as an anterograde tracer. There was an evident pattern of rostrocaudal distribution of fibers within the subcortical nuclei, with medial orientation. Considering this distribution, fibers originating from the A25 cortex were found to be more clustered in the diencephalon and amygdala than those originating in the A32 cortex. Most areas of the amygdala received fibers from both cortices. In the diencephalon, all regions received projections from the A32, while the A25 fibers were restricted to the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus at different densities. Precise deposits of neuronal tracers provided here may significantly contribute to expand our understanding of specific connectivity among the medial prefrontal cortex with limbic regions and diencephalic areas, key elements to the viscerocognitive process.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Biotin; Brain Mapping; Callithrix; Dextrans; Female; Hypothalamus; Male; Neural Pathways; Prefrontal Cortex; Stereotaxic Techniques; Thalamus
PubMed: 34267273
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93819-z -
Neuroreport Aug 2004Lateralisation is an attractive and intriguing feature of the vertebrate CNS studied for decades in the different disciplines of the neurosciences. Due to the complexity... (Review)
Review
Lateralisation is an attractive and intriguing feature of the vertebrate CNS studied for decades in the different disciplines of the neurosciences. Due to the complexity of the phenomena and intrinsic limitations of the approaches used to date, it has been difficult to establish useful links between the different, and usually distant, levels of lateralisation e.g. between genetics, morphology, physiology and behaviour. Recently, the dorsal diencephalon of the teleost zebrafish has emerged as a valuable model to begin addressing this issue and as a result unravel the role of vertebrate CNS lateralisation. Zebrafish is a well-established genetic system that allows a 'bottom up' ('gene to behaviour') approach to the study of lateralisation. In fact, it is the single vertebrate system to date in which asymmetric gene expression in the brain has been directly linked to asymmetric morphology. Zebrafish offers several experimental advantages that allow the study of brain lateralisation using a wide range of experimental tools, from study of gene function through in vivo analysis of morphology and physiology to behavioural assessments. Altogether, these features will allow the establishment of operational links between lower (genetics and morphology) and upper (physiology and behaviour) levels of brain lateralisation.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Diencephalon; Functional Laterality; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Models, Animal; Models, Biological; Systems Theory; Vertebrates; Zebrafish
PubMed: 15305121
DOI: 10.1097/00001756-200408260-00001