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The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical... Feb 2019The aim of this study was to investigate anatomical variations in the digastric muscle. Anatomical dissections of the head and neck region were performed in 15 cadavers...
The aim of this study was to investigate anatomical variations in the digastric muscle. Anatomical dissections of the head and neck region were performed in 15 cadavers at the Anatomy Department during a gross anatomy course. Three cadaver heads revealed anatomical variations in the anterior belly of the digastric muscle. The positional relationships among the accessory muscle bundles, the anterior belly of the digastric muscle, and the mylohyoid muscle were examined. Innervating branches from the mylohyoid nerve were also investigated. The remaining 12 cadaver heads without accessory muscle bundles were used for comparison. Of the three heads with accessory muscle bundles, one head (male) had two muscle bundles of the unilateral type, one head (male) had symmetrical muscle bundles of the crossover type, and one head (female) had a mix of unilateral and crossover types. The likely explanation for these and various other anomalies reported in the literature is the complex morphogenesis of the first branchial arch. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of these anatomical variations of the submental region when performing surgical procedures involving the head and neck and when using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for interpretation or differential diagnosis of neck masses.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neck Muscles
PubMed: 30848024
DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12012 -
Anatomy & Cell Biology Sep 2021The nerve to the mylohyoid muscle has been well studied but there are no specific anatomical landmarks for identifying it. Therefore, we aimed to identify anatomical...
The nerve to the mylohyoid muscle has been well studied but there are no specific anatomical landmarks for identifying it. Therefore, we aimed to identify anatomical landmarks for localizing the nerve to the mylohyoid muscle in the submandibular region. Sixteen sides from eight embalmed Caucasian cadaveric heads were used in this study. The mean age at the time of death of the specimens was 80.3 years. The anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscle, submental artery, and mylohyoid muscle were dissected to verify their relationships with the nerve to the mylohyoid muscle. The nerve to the mylohyoid muscle was found medial to the submental artery, lateral to the anterior belly of the digastric muscle, and anterior to the posterior border of the mylohyoid muscle on all sides. Herein, we identified what we term the mylohyoid triangle. This anatomical region can help localize the nerve to the mylohyoid muscle.
PubMed: 33941711
DOI: 10.5115/acb.21.019 -
Muscle & Nerve Oct 2022Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a late-onset, progressive muscle disease. Quantitative muscle ultrasound (QMUS) assesses structural changes in muscles and...
INTRODUCTION/AIMS
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a late-onset, progressive muscle disease. Quantitative muscle ultrasound (QMUS) assesses structural changes in muscles and is a sensitive biomarker in neuromuscular disorders. Our aim of this study was to determine whether QMUS can detect muscle pathology and can be used as longitudinal imaging biomarker in OPMD.
METHODS
Genetically confirmed OPMD patients, recruited by their treating physicians or from the national neuromuscular database, were examined twice, 20 months apart, using QMUS of orofacial and limb muscles, and measurements of functional capacity and muscle strength. Absolute echo intensity (AEI) and muscle thickness of all muscles were analyzed and correlated with clinical data.
RESULTS
The tongue, deltoid, iliopsoas, rectus femoris, and soleus muscles showed increased AEI at baseline compared with normal values in 43 OPMD patients, with the rectus femoris being most often affected (51%).The AEI and muscle thickness of 9 of 11 muscles correlated significantly with the motor function measure, 10-step stair test, swallowing capacity, dynamometry, Medical Research Council grade, tongue strength, and bite force (r = 0.302 to -0.711). Between baseline and follow-up, deterioration in AEI was found for the temporalis, tongue, and deltoid muscles, and decreased muscle thickness was detected for the temporalis, masseter, digastric, tongue, deltoid, iliopsoas, and soleus muscles (P < .05). No relation was found between the change in AEI and repeat length or disease duration.
DISCUSSION
QMUS detected muscle pathology and disease progression in OPMD over 20 months. We conclude that QMUS should be considered as a biomarker in treatment trials.
Topics: Biomarkers; Humans; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscular Dystrophy, Oculopharyngeal; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 35859342
DOI: 10.1002/mus.27679 -
Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain... Mar 2016Most dental pain is caused by an organic problem such as dental caries, periodontitis, pulpitis, or trauma. Diagnosis and treatment of these symptoms are relatively... (Review)
Review
Most dental pain is caused by an organic problem such as dental caries, periodontitis, pulpitis, or trauma. Diagnosis and treatment of these symptoms are relatively straightforward. However, patients often also complain of abnormal dental pain that has a non-dental origin, whose diagnosis is challenging. Such abnormal dental pain can be categorized on the basis of its cause as referred pain, neuromodulatory pain, and neuropathic pain. When it is difficult to diagnose a patient's dental pain, these potential alternate causes should be considered. In this clinical review, we have presented a case of referred pain from the digastric muscle (Patient 1), of pulpectomized (Patient 2), and of pulpectomized pain (Patient 3) to illustrate referred, neuromodulatory, and neuropathic pain, respectively. The Patient 1 was advised muscle stretching and gentle massage of the trigger points, as well as pain relief using a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline. The pain in Patient 2 was relieved completely by the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline. In Patient 3, the pain was controlled using either a continuous drip infusion of adenosine triphosphate or intravenous Mg2+ and lidocaine administered every 2 weeks. In each case of abnormal dental pain, the patient's diagnostic chart was used (Fig.2 and 3). Pain was satisfactorily relieved in all cases.
PubMed: 28879289
DOI: 10.17245/jdapm.2016.16.1.1 -
Journal of Personalized Medicine Apr 2022This study aims to examine the correlations between masticatory and neck muscle thickness and activity versus eyeball length, retinal thickness, choroidal thickness, and...
This study aims to examine the correlations between masticatory and neck muscle thickness and activity versus eyeball length, retinal thickness, choroidal thickness, and intraocular pressure in healthy women versus women with myopia. The study group consisted of 21 women aged 24 years and a control group of 19 women (mean age 23 years). For bioelectrical activity analysis within the temporalis anterior, the superficial part of the masseter muscle, the middle part of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle, an eight-channel BioEMG III electromyograph were used. An M-Turbo ultrasound machine was used to analyze masticatory and neck muscle thickness. The eyeball length was examined by IOL Master 500; choroidal and retinal thickness by Optovue Angiovue; and intraocular pressure by Tono-Pen XL. Refractive errors are related to differences in muscle thickness and electromyographic activity. Bioelectrical activity within the temporalis anterior seems to be associated with ocular length, retinal thickness, and choroidal thickness in women with myopia.
PubMed: 35455742
DOI: 10.3390/jpm12040626 -
Acta Bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis Nov 2021Objectives: Here follows the discussion of a case of hypoplasia of both bellies of digastric muscle and the difficult during neck dissection, because of his surgical...
UNLABELLED
Objectives: Here follows the discussion of a case of hypoplasia of both bellies of digastric muscle and the difficult during neck dissection, because of his surgical importance like a pivotal landmark.
METHODS
We reported a case report concerning digastric muscle abnormalities, accidentally discovered during neck dissection due to surgical excision of a glottic squamous cell carcinoma staged as cT3N0. A brief literature review was done to compare and research similar cases.
RESULTS
Literature counts several reports of digastric muscle abnormalities, namely involving the anterior belly. Little has been written about hypoplasia of digastric muscle.
CONCLUSION
Digastric muscle abnormalities are rare, which can be absent or, more frequently, duplicated. Albeit its anomalies are anecdotal, it is advisable to give due consideration to the hypoplasia of both bellies of the digastric muscle during the analysis of radiological imaging, in order to prevent the risk of operative complications. According to our knowledge, this is the first and singular case of digastric muscle's hypoplasia.
Topics: Humans; Neck Muscles; Surgeons; Writing
PubMed: 34747390
DOI: 10.23750/abm.v92iS1.11843 -
Folia Morphologica 2019A cross-over type asymmetric anomaly of the anterior belly of the right digastricmuscle was observed during a cadaveric dissection of the submental region.Three...
A cross-over type asymmetric anomaly of the anterior belly of the right digastricmuscle was observed during a cadaveric dissection of the submental region.Three irregularly-shaped supernumerary muscle bundles were found between theanterior bellies of the digastric muscles. Although the anomalies of the digastricmuscles are often observed, this complicated pattern has not been previouslyreported. Our findings and previous reports illustrate the morphogenetic complexityof the anterior belly of the digastric muscle, and their potential importancein confounding clinical evaluation or complicating surgical procedures in thesubmental region.
Topics: Aged; Cadaver; Dissection; Humans; Male; Mandible; Muscle, Skeletal
PubMed: 30536357
DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2018.0112 -
Nutrients Aug 2023Dysphagia is a syndrome of abnormal eating function resulting from a variety of causative diseases, and is associated with malnutrition. To date, the swallowing function... (Review)
Review
Dysphagia is a syndrome of abnormal eating function resulting from a variety of causative diseases, and is associated with malnutrition. To date, the swallowing function has been difficult to examine without the use of invasive and expensive methods, such as the videofluorographic swallowing study or fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing. In recent years, progress has been made in the clinical application of ultrasound equipment for the evaluation of body compositions near the body surface, including the assessment of nutritional status. Ultrasound examination is a noninvasive procedure and relatively inexpensive, and the equipment required is highly portable thanks to innovations such as wireless probes and tablet monitoring devices. The process of using ultrasound to visualize the geniohyoid muscle, digastric muscle, mylohyoid muscle, hyoid bone, tongue, masseter muscle, genioglossus muscle, orbicularis oris muscle, temporalis muscle, pharynx, esophagus, and larynx, and the methods used for evaluating these structures, are provided in this study in detail. This study also aims to propose a protocol for the assessment of swallowing-related muscles that can be applied in real-world clinical practice for the diagnosis of sarcopenic dysphagia, which can occur in elderly patients with sarcopenia, and has received much attention in recent years.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Deglutition; Deglutition Disorders; Body Composition; Facial Muscles; Fractures, Bone
PubMed: 37630750
DOI: 10.3390/nu15163560