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Nutrients Dec 2019Djulis is a functional grain containing prebiotic dietary fiber, which has an anti-cancer potential. This study examined the preventive effect of djulis alone or in...
Djulis is a functional grain containing prebiotic dietary fiber, which has an anti-cancer potential. This study examined the preventive effect of djulis alone or in combination with on colon carcinogenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Rats were divided into five groups and fed B (AIN-93G, blank), C (AIN-93G, control), D (10% djulis), DLA (10% djulis plus 5 × 10 cfu /g), and DHA (10% djulis plus 5 × 10 cfu /g) diets, respectively. All rats except for those in group B received three doses of DMH (40 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection and 3% DSS in drinking water. After 10 weeks of feeding, the colon was analyzed for precancerous lesions and biomarkers. DMH and DSS treatment induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF), especially in the distal colon. D, DLA, and DHA significantly reduced the numbers of total ACF, sialomucin-producing ACF (SIM-ACF), and mucin-depleted foci (MDF) in the distal colon compared to C. Additionally, DLA and DHA further downregulated the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and regulated apoptosis-related proteins. These results suggest that synbiotic combination of djulis and shows the best inhibitory effect on colon carcinogenesis via regulation of proliferative, inflammatory, and apoptotic pathways.
Topics: 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine; Animals; Apoptosis; Carcinogenesis; Cell Proliferation; Chenopodium; Colonic Neoplasms; Dextran Sulfate; Gene Expression Regulation; Inflammation; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Rats; Synbiotics
PubMed: 31905929
DOI: 10.3390/nu12010103 -
Nutrients Aug 2016The selectivity and beneficial effects of prebiotics are mainly dependent on composition and glycosidic linkage among monosaccharide units. This is the first study to... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The selectivity and beneficial effects of prebiotics are mainly dependent on composition and glycosidic linkage among monosaccharide units. This is the first study to use prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) that contains β-1,6 and β-1,3 glycosidic linkages and the novel combination of GOS and inulin in cancer prevention. The objective of the present study is to explore the role of novel GOS and inulin against various biomarkers of colorectal cancer (CRC) and the incidence of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in a 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine dihydrochloride (DMH)-induced rodent model. Prebiotic treatments of combined GOS and inulin (57 mg each), as well as individual doses (GOS: 76-151 mg; inulin 114 mg), were given to DMH-treated animals for 16 weeks. Our data reveal the significant preventive effect of the GOS and inulin combination against the development of CRC. It was observed that inhibition of ACF formation (55.8%) was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher using the GOS and inulin combination than GOS (41.4%) and inulin (51.2%) treatments alone. This combination also rendered better results on short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and bacterial enzymatic activities. Dose-dependent effects of prebiotic treatments were also observed on cecum and fecal bacterial enzymes and on SCFA. Thus, this study demonstrated that novel combination of GOS and inulin exhibited stronger preventive activity than their individual treatments alone, and can be a promising strategy for CRC chemoprevention.
Topics: 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine; Aberrant Crypt Foci; Ammonia; Animals; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cecum; Colon; Colonic Neoplasms; Disease Models, Animal; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Feces; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intestinal Mucosa; Inulin; Male; Prebiotics; Random Allocation; Rats, Wistar; Stereoisomerism; Trisaccharides
PubMed: 27490566
DOI: 10.3390/nu8080465 -
Djulis () Prevents Colon Carcinogenesis via Regulating Antioxidative and Apoptotic Pathways in Rats.Nutrients Sep 2019Djulis is a cereal crop rich in polyphenols and dietary fiber that may have nutraceutical activity to prevent colon cancer. This study was designed to examine the...
Djulis is a cereal crop rich in polyphenols and dietary fiber that may have nutraceutical activity to prevent colon cancer. This study was designed to examine the preventive effect of djulis on colon carcinogenesis in rats treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Rats were fed different AIN-93G-based diets: groups N and DMH were fed AIN-93G diet and groups LD, MD, and HD were fed AIN-93G diet containing 5, 10, and 20% djulis, respectively. All rats except for group N were injected with DMH to induce colon carcinogenesis. After 10 weeks, rats were sacrificed and colon and liver tissues were collected for analysis. The results showed that djulis-treated rats had significantly lower numbers of colonic preneoplastic lesions, aberrant crypt foci (ACF), sialomucin-producing (SIM)-ACF, and mucin-depleted foci. Djulis treatment increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in colon and liver. Djulis also reduced p53, Bcl-2, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expressions and increased Bax and caspase-9 expressions. Besides, phenolic compounds and flavonoids were found rich in djulis. These results demonstrate the chemopreventive effect of djulis on carcinogen-induced colon carcinogenesis via regulating antioxidative and apoptotic pathways in rats. Djulis may have the potential to be developed as a valuable cereal product for chemoprevention of colon cancer.
Topics: 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine; Animal Feed; Animals; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; Cell Proliferation; Chenopodium; Colon; Colonic Neoplasms; Intestinal Mucosa; Liver; Male; Mucins; Nutritive Value; Oxidative Stress; Precancerous Conditions; Rats, Inbred F344; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 31509964
DOI: 10.3390/nu11092168 -
British Journal of Cancer Jun 1999High fat diets have been implicated in incidence of colon cancer both in epidemiological and animal studies. Present investigation deals with the incidence, location and...
High fat diets have been implicated in incidence of colon cancer both in epidemiological and animal studies. Present investigation deals with the incidence, location and numbers of large and small bowel tumours induced by 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine (DMH) in rats fed high fat diets and neomycin. Neomycin was used to modify the faecal sterol metabolism and the relationship of the high fat diet and faecal neutral and acid sterols to the large bowel tumorigenesis was evaluated. DMH administered rats were fed with (a) 20% safflower oil; (b) 20% safflower oil and neomycin; (c) 20% safflower oil, cholesterol and cholic acid; and (d) 20% safflower oil, cholesterol, cholic acid and neomycin. Neomycin was found to be associated with both increase and decrease of tumour numbers. The faecal sterols lithocholic and deoxycholic acids were found to have no participation, while cholesterol and cholic acid were found to decrease with increase in tumour numbers. However, faecal coprostanol has been found to have a significant positive correlation with tumorigenesis in all dietary groups. Therefore coprostanol might possibly be associated with colon carcinogenesis in DMH-fed rats and cholesterol metabolism in gut appears to be related to the development of tumours.
Topics: 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carcinogens; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cholestanol; Cholesterol; Colonic Neoplasms; Dietary Fats; Feces; Male; Neomycin; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 10376962
DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6690476 -
Cancer Biology & Therapy Apr 2017Selenium (Se) is an essential dietary micronutrient that has been examined for protection against different types of cancers including colon cancer. Despite an...
Selenium (Se) is an essential dietary micronutrient that has been examined for protection against different types of cancers including colon cancer. Despite an established inverse association between Se and chronic inflammation induced colon cancer (CICC), the mechanistic understanding of Se's protective effects requires additional in-vivo studies using preclinical animal models of CICC. Adiponectin (APN) is an adipocytokine that is protective against CICC as well. However, its role in the anti-mutagenic effects of the Se-diet remains unknown. To address this knowledge gap, here we examine the ability of dietary Se in reducing CICC in APN knockout mice (KO) and its wild-type C57BL/6. CICC was induced with the colon cancer agent 1,2 dimethyl hydrazine (DMH) along with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Se-enhanced diet increased selenoproteins, Gpx-1 and Gpx-2, in the colon tissues, thereby reducing oxidative stress. Se-mediated reduction of CICC was evident from the histopathological studies in both mouse models. In both mice, reduction in inflammation and tumorigenesis associated well with reduced p65 phosphorylation and elevated 53 phosphorylation. Finally, we show that in both models Se-administration promotes goblet cell differentiation with a concomitant increase in the levels of associated proteins, Muc-2 and Math-1. Our findings suggest that Se's protection against CICC involves both colonic epithelial protection and anti-tumor effects that are independent of APN.
Topics: 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine; Adiponectin; Animals; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors; Carcinogenesis; Cell Differentiation; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colon; Colonic Neoplasms; Dextran Sulfate; Glutathione Peroxidase; Goblet Cells; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Micronutrients; Mucin-2; Mutagenesis; Neoplasms, Experimental; Phosphorylation; Selenium; Transcription Factor RelA; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; Glutathione Peroxidase GPX1
PubMed: 28045589
DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1276130 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2009The often observed scarcity of physical-chemical and well as toxicological data hampers the assessment of potentially hazardous chemicals released to the environment. In... (Review)
Review
The often observed scarcity of physical-chemical and well as toxicological data hampers the assessment of potentially hazardous chemicals released to the environment. In such cases Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships/Quantitative Structure-Property Relationships (QSAR/QSPR) constitute an obvious alternative for rapidly, effectively and inexpensively generatng missing experimental values. However, typically further treatment of the data appears necessary, e.g., to elucidate the possible relations between the single compounds as well as implications and associations between the various parameters used for the combined characterization of the compounds under investigation. In the present paper the application of QSAR/QSPR in combination with Partial Order Ranking (POR) methodologies will be reviewed and new aspects using Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) will be introduced. Where POR constitutes an attractive method for, e.g., prioritizing a series of chemical substances based on a simultaneous inclusion of a range of parameters, FCA gives important information on the implications associations between the parameters. The combined approach thus constitutes an attractive method to a preliminary assessment of the impact on environmental and human health by primary pollutants or possibly by a primary pollutant well as a possible suite of transformation subsequent products that may be both persistent in and bioaccumulating and toxic. The present review focus on the environmental - and human health impact by residuals of the rocket fuel 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (heptyl) and its transformation products as an illustrative example.
Topics: Animals; Biodegradation, Environmental; Daphnia; Dimethylhydrazines; Ecotoxicology; Environmental Pollutants; Half-Life; Humans; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; Risk Assessment; Soil; Water
PubMed: 19468330
DOI: 10.3390/ijms10041628 -
Journal of Cancer Research and... 2017To elucidate the key biochemical indexes associated with 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis and the modulatory efficacy of a dietary polyphenol,...
OBJECTIVE
To elucidate the key biochemical indexes associated with 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis and the modulatory efficacy of a dietary polyphenol, ellagic acid (EA).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Wistar rats were chosen to study objective, and were divided into 4 groups; Group 1-control rats; Group 2-rats received EA (60 mg/kg body weight/day, orally); rats in Group 3-induced with DMH (20 mg/kg body weight) subcutaneously for 15 weeks; DMH-induced Group 4 rats were initiated with EA treatment. We examined key citric acid cycle enzymes such as isocitrate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and the activities of respiratory chain enzymes NADH dehydrogenase and Cytochrome-C-oxidase and membrane-bound enzyme profiles (Na +/K + ATPase, Ca 2+ ATPase and Mg 2+ ATPase), activities of lysosomal proteases such as β-D-glucuronidase, β-galactosidase and N-acety-β-D-glucosaminidase and cellular thiols (oxidized glutathione, protein thiols, and total thiols).
RESULTS
It was found that administration of DMH to rats decreased both mitochondrial and membrane-bound enzymes activities, increased activities of lysosomal enzymes and further modulates cellular thiols levels. Treatment with EA significantly restored the mitochondrial and ATPases levels and further reduced lysosomal enzymes to near normalcy thereby restoring harmful effects induced by DMH.
CONCLUSION
EA treatment was able to effectively restore the detrimental effects induced by DMH, which proves the chemoprotective function of EA against DMH-induced experimental colon carcinogenesis.
Topics: 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine; Animals; Carcinogenesis; Colon; Colonic Neoplasms; Ellagic Acid; Humans; Lysosomes; Rats; Rats, Wistar; beta-Galactosidase
PubMed: 28508835
DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.172715 -
Journal of Cancer Research and... 2016Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause for cancer-related death and its prevention is of great importance throughout the world. Chemoprevention offers a novel...
PURPOSE
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause for cancer-related death and its prevention is of great importance throughout the world. Chemoprevention offers a novel approach to control the incidence of colon cancer. The present study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of carvacrol supplementation on colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF), lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant defense system in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis in male Wistar rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The rats were randomly divided into six groups. Group 1, control rats received modified pellet diet; Group 2 rats received modified pellet diet along with carvacrol (80 mg/kg b.wt/day); Groups 3-6 received subcutaneous injection of DMH (20 mg/kg b.wt), once a week for the first 4 weeks; in addition Groups 4-6 received carvacrol at three different doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg b.wt/day for 16 weeks.
RESULTS
Our result suggest that increased tumor incidence and increased number of ACF, increased bacterial enzymes accompanied by a decrease in the colonic lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities were observed in DMH-treated rats. Administration of carvacrol to DMH-treated rats significantly decreased the tumor incidence and the number of ACF and bacterial enzymes with enhancement of colonic lipid peroxidation, GPx, SOD, and CAT activities.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study suggest that carvacrol at a dose of 40 mg/kg b.wt showed a significant beneficial effect against chemically-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats.
Topics: 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine; Animals; Antioxidants; Body Weight; Carcinogenesis; Catalase; Chemoprevention; Colonic Neoplasms; Colonic Polyps; Cymenes; Disease Models, Animal; Glutathione Peroxidase; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Monoterpenes; Rats; Superoxide Dismutase; Tumor Burden
PubMed: 27461646
DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.154925 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2022When released to the environment, the rocket fuel unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) undergoes oxidative transformations, resulting in the formation of an extremely...
Rapid Simultaneous Quantification of 1-Formyl-2,2-Dimethylhydrazine and Dimethylurea Isomers in Environmental Samples by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.
When released to the environment, the rocket fuel unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) undergoes oxidative transformations, resulting in the formation of an extremely large number of nitrogen-containing transformation products, including isomeric compounds which are difficult to discriminate by common chromatography techniques. In the present work, supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS) was proposed for resolving the problem of fast separation and simultaneous quantification of 1-formyl-2,2-dimethylhydrazine (FADMH) as one of the major UDMH transformation products, and its isomers-1,1-dimethylurea (UDMU) and 1,2-dimethylurea (SDMU). 2-Ethylpyridine stationary phase provided baseline separation of analytes in 1.5 min without the distortion of the chromatographic peaks. Optimization of SFC separation and MS/MS detection conditions allowed for the development of rapid, sensitive, and "green" method for the simultaneous determination of FADMH, UDMU, and SDMU in environmental samples with LOQs of 1-10 µg L and linear range covering three orders of magnitude. The method was validated and successfully tested on the real extracts of peaty and sandy soils polluted with rocket fuel and UDMH oxidation products. It was shown that both UDMU and SDMU are formed in noticeable amounts during UDMH oxidation. Despite relatively low toxicity, UDMU can be considered one of the major UDMH transformation products and a potential marker of soil pollution with toxic rocket fuel.
Topics: Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid; Dimethylhydrazines; Soil; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 35956973
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27155025 -
Veterinaria Italiana Dec 2021The authors have conducted experiments to study the pathoanatomical and histological pattern of organs and tissues of adult sheep affected by unsymmetric...
The authors have conducted experiments to study the pathoanatomical and histological pattern of organs and tissues of adult sheep affected by unsymmetric dimethylhydrazine (UDMH). This highly toxic fuel was spilled on the territory of the Karsakpay and Ulytau districts of Karaganda region, Kazakhstan, because of the fall of the rocket ‘Proton‑M’ after an unsuccessful launch from the Baikonur cosmodrome in 2007. In the experiment, the study group was consisted of 7 adult sheep that grazed in the area of possible intoxication with rocket fuel UDMH. The main objects of the study were histological preparations obtained from fixed structures. As the structures have a flat contrast and are poorly detected in the ordinary light microscope, the specially processed preparations were used. After preparing, the authors studied organs and tissues using a microscope, which allowed to reveal in detail the level of damage caused by intoxication and to establish the negative effect of UDMH on the internal organs. The group of sheep showed a high index of macroscopic signs of interstitial pneumonia (85.7 ± 14.3%), and histologically quite high index was granulomatous inflammation of liver (71.4 ± 18.4%). Kidneys also showed a high level of abnormalities.
Topics: 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine; Animal Structures; Animals; Kazakhstan; Sheep
PubMed: 34971510
DOI: 10.12834/VetIt.1680.8924.3