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The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Nov 2015Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common multifactorial chronic skin disease that has a multiple and complex pathogenesis. AD is gradually increasing in prevalence globally....
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common multifactorial chronic skin disease that has a multiple and complex pathogenesis. AD is gradually increasing in prevalence globally. In NC/Nga mice, repetitive applications of 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) evoke AD-like clinical symptoms similar to human AD. Aspartame (N-L-α-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester) is a methyl ester of a dipeptide, which is used as an artificial non-nutritive sweetener. Aspartame has analgesic and anti-inflammatory functions that are similar to the function of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin. We investigated whether aspartame can relieve AD-like clinical symptoms induced by DNFB treatment in NC/Nga mice. Sucrose did not relieve AD-like symptoms, whereas aspartame at doses of 0.5 μg kg(-1) and 0.5 mg kg(-1) inhibited ear swelling and relieved AD-like clinical symptoms. Aspartame inhibited infiltration of inflammatory cells including eosinophils, mast cells, and CD4(+) T cells, and suppressed the expression of cytokines including IL-4 and IFN-γ, and total serum IgE levels. Aspartame may have therapeutic value in the treatment of AD.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Aspartame; Biopsy, Needle; Cytokines; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dinitrofluorobenzene; Disease Models, Animal; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Flavanones; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Mice; Random Allocation
PubMed: 26099025
DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.234 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2018Owing to the recent progress in regenerative medicine technology, clinical trials that harnessed the regeneration and immune modulation potentiality of stem cells for...
Owing to the recent progress in regenerative medicine technology, clinical trials that harnessed the regeneration and immune modulation potentiality of stem cells for treating IBD have shown promising results. We investigated the feasibility and utility of intraluminal endoscopic transplantation of rat MSC sheets in murine models of experimental colitis for targeted delivery of stem cells to lesions. We isolated adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSC) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) from EGFP-transgenic rats and fabricated the cells in sheet forms using temperature-responsive culture dishes. The MSC sheets were endoscopically transplanted to the inflamed area in electrocoagulation and DNBS colitis model. The effect of the transplantation was verified using endoscopic scoring and histological analysis. In the electrocoagulation model, the AD-MSC group showed significantly decreased ulcer size in the transplanted regions. In the DNBS colitis model, the AD-MSC group showed decreased inflammation and colitis in the transplanted regions. Histologic analysis showed that the MSC sheets had successfully attached to the inflamed mucosa in both the electrocoagulation and DNBS colitis model. Our results show that endoscopic transplantation of MSC sheets could be a new effective mode of stem cell therapy for IBD treatment.
Topics: Animals; Colitis; Dinitrofluorobenzene; Disease Models, Animal; Endoscopes; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Humans; Inflammation; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Mice; Rats; Rats, Transgenic
PubMed: 30054522
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29617-x -
International Journal of Biomedical... Sep 2010A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of each of sertraline (SER) and paroxetine HCl (PXT) in dosage forms. The method is...
A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of each of sertraline (SER) and paroxetine HCl (PXT) in dosage forms. The method is based upon reaction of PXT and SER with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) to form colored products. The absorbance of the products were measured at 375and 390 nm for SER and PXT respectively. The absorbance concentration plots were rectilinear over the concentration rang of 1-10 and 2-20 μg/mL with lower detection limits (LOD) of 0.11 and 0.28 μg/mL and quantification limits (LOQ) of 0.32 and 0.85 μg/mL for SER and PXT, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of SER and PXT in dosage forms. The common excipients and additives did not interfere in their determinations. There was no significant difference between the results obtained by the proposed and the reference methods regarding Student t-test and the variance ratio F-test respectively. A proposal of the reaction pathway was postulated.
PubMed: 23675200
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Biological Chemistry Mar 1960
Topics: Amines; Dinitrofluorobenzene; Nitrobenzenes
PubMed: 13848276
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Jun 2023Regulatory T cells (Tregs) express CD73, an ectonucleotidase that converts adenosine (Ado) monophosphate to Ado, which has been shown to suppress immune reactions. To...
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) express CD73, an ectonucleotidase that converts adenosine (Ado) monophosphate to Ado, which has been shown to suppress immune reactions. To investigate the role(s) of CD73 Tregs during the induction of tolerance, we used a 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene‒driven contact hypersensitivity model, in which tolerance can be induced by pretreating wild type mice with 2,4-dinitrothiocyanobenzene. CD73-deficient mice were unable to acquire tolerance. Likewise, transfer of CD73 Tregs failed to suppress 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene‒induced ear swelling in wild type mice, whereas transfer of wild type‒derived Tregs into CD73 mice re-established tolerance. This indicates a crucial role of CD73 Tregs for skin-induced tolerance. Furthermore, we found that 2,4-dinitrothiocyanobenzene induces more activated CD73 tissue-homing Tregs (marked by Ki-67, CTLA4, CCR4, CD103, CCR6, and CD49b expression) in draining lymph nodes and blood, eventually accumulating in the skin. The application of anti-CD73 antibodies that block CD73-derived Ado production as well as the injection of Ado deaminase, which degrades Ado in tissues, abrogated tolerance induction. Thus, our data indicate that CD73 Ado-producing Tregs are crucial for the regulation of contact hypersensitivity reactions and tolerance induction in the skin and that manipulating the function(s) of CD73 in tissues may offer a tool to influence autoimmunity and inflammation in vivo.
Topics: Mice; Animals; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Adenosine; Dinitrofluorobenzene; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Immune Tolerance; 5'-Nucleotidase
PubMed: 36539031
DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.12.003 -
Biomolecules Aug 2022Similar to canine inflammatory enteropathy, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic idiopathic condition characterized by remission periods and recurrent flares in...
Similar to canine inflammatory enteropathy, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic idiopathic condition characterized by remission periods and recurrent flares in which diarrhea, visceral pain, rectal bleeding/bloody stools, and weight loss are the main clinical symptoms. Intestinal barrier function alterations often persist in the remission phase of the disease without ongoing inflammatory processes. However, current therapies include mainly anti-inflammatory compounds that fail to promote functional symptoms-free disease remission, urging new drug discoveries to handle patients during this step of the disease. ALIAmides (ALIA, autacoid local injury antagonism) are bioactive fatty acid amides that recently gained attention because of their involvement in the control of inflammatory response, prompting the use of these molecules as plausible therapeutic strategies in the treatment of several chronic inflammatory conditions. N-palmitoyl-D-glucosamine (PGA), an under-researched ALIAmide, resulted in being safe and effective in preclinical models of inflammation and pain, suggesting its potential engagement in the treatment of IBD. In our study, we demonstrated that micronized PGA significantly and dose-dependently reduces colitis severity, improves intestinal mucosa integrity by increasing the tight junction proteins expression, and downregulates the TLR-4/NLRP3/iNOS pathway via PPAR-α receptors signaling in DNBS-treated mice. The possibility of clinically exploiting micronized PGA as support for the treatment and prevention of inflammation-related changes in IBD patients would represent an innovative, effective, and safe strategy.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Mice; Colitis; Dinitrofluorobenzene; Glucosamine; Inflammation; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; PPAR alpha; Toll-Like Receptor 4
PubMed: 36009057
DOI: 10.3390/biom12081163 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2018IL-31, which is a member of the IL-6 family of cytokines, is produced mainly by activated CD4 T cells, in particular activated Th2 cells, suggesting a contribution to...
IL-31, which is a member of the IL-6 family of cytokines, is produced mainly by activated CD4 T cells, in particular activated Th2 cells, suggesting a contribution to development of type-2 immune responses. IL-31 was reported to be increased in specimens from patients with atopic dermatitis, and IL-31-transgenic mice develop atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation, which is involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. However, the role of IL-31 in development of contact dermatitis/contact hypersensitivity (CHS), which is mediated by hapten-specific T cells, including Th2 cells, is not fully understood. Therefore, we investigated this using IL-31-deficient (Il31) mice, which we newly generated. We demonstrated that the mice showed normal migration and maturation of skin dendritic cells and induction of hapten-specific T cells in the sensitization phase of FITC-induced CHS, and normal induction of local inflammation in the elicitation phase of FITC- and DNFB-induced CHS. On the other hand, those mice showed reduced scratching frequency and duration during FITC- and/or DNFB-induced CHS. Our findings suggest that IL-31 is responsible for pruritus, but not induction of local skin inflammation, during CHS induced by FITC and DNFB.
Topics: Animals; Dermatitis, Contact; Dinitrofluorobenzene; Disease Models, Animal; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; Inflammation; Interleukins; Langerhans Cells; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Pruritus; Th2 Cells
PubMed: 29703903
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25094-4 -
Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin Mar 2022Sulfated polysaccharide from species has been reported for its antiinflammatoryactivities. However, the effect of sulfated polysaccharide from on allergic responses...
Sulfated polysaccharide from species has been reported for its antiinflammatoryactivities. However, the effect of sulfated polysaccharide from on allergic responses has not been studied. The study was conducted to determine the effect ofsulfated polysaccharide (F1) from C. edule on allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) induced by2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) in female BALB/c mice. F1 was isolated using DEAE sepharose gel chromatography and chemically identifiedby LC-MS analyses. The effects of F1 on changes in ear thickness, allergic responses, andhistology were evaluated. The effects of F1 on the production of inflammatory cytokinesinterferon gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-ɑ) in serum were also quantifiedand compared with standard prednisolone therapy. F1 was identified as a heteropolysaccharide with β-D-galactans and β-L-arabinans units.F1 was non-toxic at 2000 mg/kg. Administration of F1 in DNFB-challenged mice significantlysuppressed the increase in ear thickness, erythema, desquamation, and proliferation ofinflammatory cells. F1 significantly decreased the production of inflammatory markers, IFN-γand TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner when compared to the untreated group ( < 0.05). Results suggest that F1 from is a bioactive sulfated heteropolysaccharidewith anti-inflammatory activity and might be a valuable candidate molecule for the treatmentof allergic diseases such as ACD.
PubMed: 35620333
DOI: 10.34172/apb.2022.042 -
Nucleic Acids Research Jul 2017We developed a new approach for chemical ligation of oligonucleotides using the electrophilic phosphorothioester (EPT) group. A nucleophilic phosphorothioate group on...
We developed a new approach for chemical ligation of oligonucleotides using the electrophilic phosphorothioester (EPT) group. A nucleophilic phosphorothioate group on oligonucleotides was converted into the EPT group by treatment with Sanger's reagent (1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene). EPT oligonucleotides can be isolated, stored frozen, and used for the ligation reaction. The reaction of the EPT oligonucleotide and an amino-modified oligonucleotide took place without any extra reagents at pH 7.0-8.0 at room temperature, and resulted in a ligation product with a phosphoramidate bond with a 39-85% yield. This method has potential uses in biotechnology and chemical biology.
Topics: Base Sequence; Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; Dinitrofluorobenzene; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides; Temperature
PubMed: 28520986
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx459 -
Journal of the National Medical... Nov 1988The effects of trace metal contaminants (lead, cadmium, and mercury) on the immunologic responses of rats infected with Trypanosoma lewisi were investigated to determine... (Review)
Review
The effects of trace metal contaminants (lead, cadmium, and mercury) on the immunologic responses of rats infected with Trypanosoma lewisi were investigated to determine whether chronic exposures to subclinical levels of these metals have adverse effects on the host's ability to respond to an infective agent.Earlier and higher levels of parasitemia were detected in animals exposed to cadmium, lead, and mercury. The variability in length of trypanosome cells in metal-exposed animals became constant at a later time and persisted for a longer time, indicating a delay in antibody synthesis. Serum levels of IgG and IgM were increased in infected animals exposed to trace metals; however, lower levels were observed when compared with infected control animals. Animals exposed only to trace metals showed decreases in serum levels of IgG and IgM. In contact sensitivity to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB), animals exposed to trace metals demonstrated no significant difference in sensitization when compared with those infected and exposed to trace metals.
Topics: Animals; Cadmium; Dinitrofluorobenzene; Female; Immunodiffusion; Immunoelectrophoresis; Lead; Mercury; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Trace Elements; Trypanosoma lewisi; Trypanosomiasis
PubMed: 3150464
DOI: No ID Found