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International Journal of Circumpolar... Dec 2021The aim of this work was to compare the prevalence of opisthorchiasis, diphyllobothriasis, and ascariasis among the rural indigenous and long-term resident people of...
The aim of this work was to compare the prevalence of opisthorchiasis, diphyllobothriasis, and ascariasis among the rural indigenous and long-term resident people of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (KMAO) in the years 1988-89 and 2018-19. Helminth infections were identified by faecal microscopic examinations conducted during health check-ups. We analysed 399 medical records for years 1988-89 and 549 records for 2018-19. There were found a decrease in the prevalence of ascariasis among the indigenous people, but the region remains a hotbed of fish-transmitted helminthiases. The spread of infestation has remained close to 5% in the indigenous adults. The number of opisthorchiasis-infected children, both indigenous and non-indigenous, has increased significantly (p < 0.05). Among the indigenous adults, opisthorchiasis in 2018-19 was at as high level as in 1988-89 (57.5% vs 54.4%). The non-indigenous adults had infestations in 2018-19 frequently than in 1988-89 (p = 0.06). The results of our study on the prevalence of helminth infection in the population of the northern Ob River basin agree with the many years average annual incidence of helminthiases in KMAO.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Incidence; Opisthorchiasis; Prevalence; Rural Population; Siberia
PubMed: 33899703
DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2021.1917270 -
BMC Pediatrics Sep 2012Cerebral sparganosis in children is an extremely rare disease of central nervous system, and caused by a tapeworm larva from the genus of Spirometra. In this study, we...
BACKGROUND
Cerebral sparganosis in children is an extremely rare disease of central nervous system, and caused by a tapeworm larva from the genus of Spirometra. In this study, we discussed and summarized epidemiological, clinical and MR imaging characteristics of eighteen children with cerebral sparganosis for a better diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
METHODS
Eighteen children with cerebral sparganosis verified by pathology, serological tests and MR presentations were retrospectively investigated, and the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of the disease were studied.
RESULTS
Twenty-seven lesions were found in the eighteen children. Twelve lesions in twelve patients were solitary while the lesions in the rest six patients were multiple and asymmetrical. The positions of the lesions were: seven in frontal, eleven in parietal, four in temporal and two in occipital lobes, one in basal ganglia, one in cerebella hemisphere and one in pons. The lesions were presented as slight hypointensity on T1-weighted images but moderate hyperintensity on T2-weighted images with perilesional brain parenchyma edema. Enhanced MR scans by using Gadopentetic Acid Dimeglumine Salt were performed in the patients, and the images demonstrated abnormal enhancements with the patterns of a peripheral ring, or a tortuous beaded, or a serpiginous tubular shape. Follow-up MR scans were preformed for eight patients, and three out of the eight cases exposed migrations and changes in shapes of the lesion areas.
CONCLUSIONS
The MR presentations in our study in general were similar to those in previous studies. However serpiginous tubular and comma-shaped enhancements of lesions have not been previously reported. The enhanced MR imaging and follow-up MR scans with the positive results from serological tests are the most important methods for the clinical diagnosis of cerebral sparganosis in children.
Topics: Adolescent; Brain Diseases; Central Nervous System Helminthiasis; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Retrospective Studies; Sparganosis
PubMed: 23006504
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-12-155 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Jan 2011
Topics: Animals; Cats; China; Copepoda; Dogs; Feces; Host-Parasite Interactions; Humans; Larva; Ranidae; Sparganosis; Sparganum
PubMed: 21192885
DOI: 10.3201/eid1701.101095 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 2015Sparganosis is a neglected but important food-borne parasitic zoonosis. Clinical diagnosis of sparganosis is difficult because there are no specific manifestations....
BACKGROUND
Sparganosis is a neglected but important food-borne parasitic zoonosis. Clinical diagnosis of sparganosis is difficult because there are no specific manifestations. ELISA using plerocercoid crude or excretory-secretory (ES) antigens has high sensitivity but has cross-reactions with other helminthiases. The aim of this study was to characterize Spirometra erinaceieuropaei cysteine protease (SeCP) and to evaluate its potential application for serodiagnosis of sparganosis.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
The full length SeCP gene was cloned, and recombinant SeCP (rSeCP) was expressed and purified. Western blotting showed that rSeCP was recognized by the serum of sparganum-infected mice, and anti-rSeCP serum recognized the native SeCP protein of plerocercoid crude or ES antigens. Expression of SeCP was observed at plerocercoid stages but not at the adult and egg stages. Immunolocalization identified SeCP in plerocercoid tegument and parenchymal tissue. The rSeCP had CP activity, and the optimum pH and temperature were 5.5 and 37°C, respectively. Enzymatic activity was significantly inhibited by E-64. rSeCP functions to degrade different proteins and the function was inhibited by anti-rSeCP serum and E-64. Immunization of mice with rSeCP induced Th2-predominant immune responses and anti-rSeCP antibodies had the potential capabilities to kill plerocercoids in an ADCC assay. The sensitivity of rSeCP-ELISA and ES antigen ELISA was 100% when performed on sera of patients with sparganosis. The specificity of rSeCP-ELISA and ES antigen ELISA was 98.22% (166/169) and 87.57% (148/169), respectively (P<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The rSeCP had the CP enzymatic activity and SeCP seems to be important for the survival of plerocercoids in host. The rSeCP is a potential diagnostic antigen for sparganosis.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Western; Cloning, Molecular; Cysteine Proteases; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Leucine; Mice; Neglected Diseases; Recombinant Proteins; Sensitivity and Specificity; Serologic Tests; Sparganosis; Sparganum; Spirometra; Temperature
PubMed: 26046773
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003807 -
Medicine May 2020Sparganosis is an infectious disease caused by a larval tapeworm of the genus Spirometra, which commonly invades subcutaneous tissues. Pulmonary and pleural involvement... (Review)
Review
RATIONALE
Sparganosis is an infectious disease caused by a larval tapeworm of the genus Spirometra, which commonly invades subcutaneous tissues. Pulmonary and pleural involvement due to sparganum has been rarely reported previously.
PATIENT CONCERNS
We herein described a case of recurrent eosinophilic pleuritis in a 24-year-old woman. She was admitted with persistent cough and shortness of breath for more than 1 month. Initial chest computed tomography scan suggested right pleural effusion and diffuse pleural thickening. Slightly elevated eosinophil counts were found in both the peripheral blood and pleural fluid. She underwent right pleurectomy but histological examination failed to obtain an etiological diagnosis. Moreover, eosinophilic pleural effusion re-appeared in the contralateral thoracic cavity one month later. After re-admission, we reviewed her medical history meticulously and found she had a history of ingesting raw snake gallbladders before hospitalization. The final diagnosis was confirmed by the markedly positive reaction against sparganum antigen in both serum and pleural fluid sample.
DIAGNOSIS
Eosinophilic pleuritis caused by sparganum infection.
INTERVENTIONS
After the diagnosis, the patient was treated with praziquantel at 75 mg/kg/d for 3 days.
OUTCOMES
Pleural effusion absorbed completely and eosinophil count in peripheral blood returned to normal range. No evidence of recurrent pleural effusion had been observed in over one year of follow-up.
LESSONS
Clinicians need to be aware the possibility of sparganum infection in cases of eosinophilic pleuritis. The specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay remains a useful method in acquiring a rapid diagnosis, especially when histological examination is unable to detect the larvae in the thoracic cavity.
Topics: Anthelmintics; Diagnosis, Differential; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Eosinophilia; Female; Humans; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Pleurisy; Praziquantel; Recurrence; Sparganosis; Young Adult
PubMed: 32481388
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000020226 -
BMC Infectious Diseases May 2023Invasion of the corpus callosum by sparganosis is rare in children. After invading the corpus callosum, sparganosis has various migration modes, which can break through...
BACKGROUND
Invasion of the corpus callosum by sparganosis is rare in children. After invading the corpus callosum, sparganosis has various migration modes, which can break through the ependyma and enter the ventricles, thus causing secondary migratory brain injury.
CASE PRESENTATION
A girl aged 4 years and 7 months presented with left lower limb paralysis for more than 50 days. Blood examination showed that the proportion and absolute number of eosinophils in the peripheral blood were increased. Furthermore, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples revealed positivity for IgG and IgM antibodies for sparganosis. Initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed ring-like enhancements in the right frontoparietal cortex, subcortical white matter, and splenium of the corpus callosum. Within 2 months, a fourth follow-up MRI showed that the lesion had spread to the left parietal cortex, subcortical white matter, and deep white matter in the right occipital lobe and right ventricular choroid plexus, with left parietal leptomeningeal enhancement.
CONCLUSION
Migratory movement is one of the characteristics of cerebral sparganosis. When sparganosis invades the corpus callosum, clinicians should be aware that it may then break through the ependyma and enter the lateral ventricles, leading to secondary migratory brain injury. Short-term follow-up MRI is necessary to evaluate the migration mode of sparganosis and dynamically guide treatment strategies.
Topics: Female; Humans; Child; Sparganosis; Corpus Callosum; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Brain Neoplasms; Brain Injuries; Paralysis
PubMed: 37231358
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08322-9 -
Cureus May 2024The incidence of human diphyllobothriasis is expected to rise amidst the current global popularity of Japanese cuisine, such as sushi, which contains raw fish. We report...
The incidence of human diphyllobothriasis is expected to rise amidst the current global popularity of Japanese cuisine, such as sushi, which contains raw fish. We report a case of a 10-year-old boy with a diphyllobothriasis infection acquired via sushi consumption. The patient was otherwise healthy, exhibited no symptoms, and was successfully treated with a single dose of 10 mg/kg praziquantel. In Japan, this parasite is known as "Sanada-mushi" because it resembles a Sanada cord. Prompt recognition of this parasite by evoking the Sanada cord's appearance may facilitate early diagnosis and treatment and increase public awareness to prevent diphyllobothriasis.
PubMed: 38803400
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61147 -
The Korean Journal of Parasitology Aug 2017Human diphyllobothriasis is a parasitic disease caused by ingestion of larvae (plerocercoids) in raw or undercooked fish and commonly found in temperate areas. Rare...
Human diphyllobothriasis is a parasitic disease caused by ingestion of larvae (plerocercoids) in raw or undercooked fish and commonly found in temperate areas. Rare cases were reported in tropical or subtropical areas especially in children. The first documented case of pediatric diphyllobothriasis in Taiwan had been reported 11 years ago. Here, we report another 8-year-old girl case who presented with a live noodle-like worm hanging down from her anus, with no other detectable symptoms. We pulled the worm out and found the strobila being 260 cm in length. Examination of gravid proglottids showed that they were wider than their lengths, containing an ovoid cirrus sac in the anterior side and the rosette-shaped uterus. Eggs extracted from the uterus were ovoid and operculated. Diphyllobothrium latum was confirmed by molecular analysis of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene. The girl was treated with a single oral dose of praziquantel, and no eggs or proglottids were observed from her stool in the subsequent 3 months. The reemergence of human diphyllobothriasis in non-endemic countries is probably due to prevalent habit of eating imported raw fish from endemic areas. This pediatric case raised our concern that human diphyllobothriasis is likely underestimated because of unremarkable symptoms.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Anthelmintics; Child; DNA, Helminth; DNA, Mitochondrial; Diphyllobothriasis; Diphyllobothrium; Electron Transport Complex IV; Female; Host-Parasite Interactions; Humans; Introduced Species; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Parasite Egg Count; Praziquantel; Taiwan
PubMed: 28877575
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2017.55.4.425 -
The Korean Journal of Parasitology Oct 2019Human sparganosis is a food-borne zoonosis mainly caused by the plerocercoid belonging to the genus Spirometra. The most common clinical sign of sparganosis is a...
Human sparganosis is a food-borne zoonosis mainly caused by the plerocercoid belonging to the genus Spirometra. The most common clinical sign of sparganosis is a subcutaneous mass in the trunk including abdominal or chest wall. The mass may be mistaken for a malignant tumor, thereby causing difficulty in terms of diagnosis and treatment. A 66-year-old woman visited our clinic for the removal of a lipoma-like mass. It was movable, hard, and painless. We identified 2 white mass, measuring 0.2×4 cm and 0.2×1 cm. Pathologic findings indicated the white mass was a sparganum. She recalled having eaten a raw frog approximately 60 years before. A 35-year-old who lived North Korea was also presented to our clinic with an asymptomatic nodule on her abdomen. Intraoperatively, we found sparganum approximately 24 cm size. Subcutaneous masses are associated with clinical signs of inflammation or they may mimic a soft tissue neoplasm. While the incidence rate of sparganosis has decreased with economic development and advancements in sanitation, surgeons still encounter patients with sparganosis in the clinical setting. Therefore, a careful history is required in order to diagnose sparganosis.
Topics: Abdomen; Adult; Aged; Animals; Female; Humans; Lipoma; Sparganosis; Spirometra
PubMed: 31715692
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2019.57.5.513 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Nov 2023
Topics: Animals; Humans; Diphyllobothrium; Diphyllobothriasis; China; Russia
PubMed: 37549900
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0335