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The Korean Journal of Parasitology Dec 1997A total of 32 human diphyllobothriasis cases have been reported so far in Korea, excluding 21 egg-positive cases from stool examinations. Authors experienced five more...
A total of 32 human diphyllobothriasis cases have been reported so far in Korea, excluding 21 egg-positive cases from stool examinations. Authors experienced five more human cases of Diphyllobothrium latum infection, especially infected due to eating raw flesh of redlip mullet, Liza haematocheila. Five cases were neighbors residing in the Puchon area, Kyonggi-do, who ate raw mullets (L. haematocheila) in a party in February 1996. The mullets were purchased at the Noryangjin fisheries market in Seoul. All of cases (2 males and 3 females) were 35 to 43 years old and healthy with the body weight range of 56-62 kg. They complained about gastrointestinal trouble and abdominal discomfort, but were in normal ranges of their hematology and urinalysis data. None revealed any sign of anemia. The patients experienced natural discharge of a chain of segments before, and showed diphyllobothriid eggs in their stool specimens when they visited our laboratory. They were administered with praziquantel (15 mg/kg of body weight) and 30 g of magnesium sulfate as a purgative. Two whole worms with the scolices (310-340 cm in length; 8-13 mm in width) were expelled each from two out of five cases after anthelmintic treatment, and the others expelled the parts of strobilae without scolex. The worms were identified as D. latum, based on the following biological characters: external morphologies, coiling of uterus, the number of uterine loops, position of genital opening, morphologies of cirrus, cirrus sac and seminal vesicle on the histological sections, position of vagina and uterine pore, and microscopical and SEM morphologies of the eggs.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Antiplatyhelmintic Agents; Cathartics; Diphyllobothriasis; Diphyllobothrium; Female; Fishes; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Korea; Magnesium Sulfate; Male; Parasite Egg Count; Praziquantel
PubMed: 9446911
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.1997.35.4.283 -
New Microbes and New Infections Jan 2014Human diphyllobothriasis is sporadically detected in Spain. Diphyllobothrium latum and Diplogonoporus balaenopterae have been identified. In the study, four cases of...
Human diphyllobothriasis is sporadically detected in Spain. Diphyllobothrium latum and Diplogonoporus balaenopterae have been identified. In the study, four cases of presumably imported diphyllobothriasis in Spanish patients were appraised. Molecular diagnosis allowed us to identify 'exotic' fish tapeworms such as Diplogonoporus balaenopterae in one patient and Diphyllobothrium pacificum in the others.
PubMed: 25356331
DOI: 10.1002/2052-2975.28 -
The Korean Journal of Parasitology Apr 2014Diphyllobothrium latum and Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense are the 2 reported main causes of human diphyllobothriasis in the Republic of Korea. However, the...
Diphyllobothrium latum and Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense are the 2 reported main causes of human diphyllobothriasis in the Republic of Korea. However, the differentiation of these 2 species based on morphologic features alone is difficult. The authors used nucleotide sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene to diagnose Diphyllobothrium spp. Two patients visited the emergency room at Kyungpook National University Hospital on 3 April and 12 April 2013, respectively, with fragments of parasites found while defecating. The parasites were identified as Diphyllobothrium spp. based on morphologic characteristics, and subsequent cox1 gene sequencing showed 99.9% similarity (1,478/1,480 bp) with D. nihonkaiense. Our findings support the hypothesis that D. nihonkaiense is a dominant species in Korea.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Anthelmintics; Base Sequence; DNA, Helminth; Diphyllobothriasis; Diphyllobothrium; Electron Transport Complex IV; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mitochondria; Phylogeny; Praziquantel; Republic of Korea; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Young Adult
PubMed: 24850965
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2014.52.2.197 -
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 1966In part A of the investigation the heat resistance of isolated Diphyllobothrium plerocercoids was determined. Treatments for 5 min/at 56°C, 10 min. at 50°C, 20 min. at...
In part A of the investigation the heat resistance of isolated Diphyllobothrium plerocercoids was determined. Treatments for 5 min/at 56°C, 10 min. at 50°C, 20 min. at 48°C, and 30 min. at 47°C were found to be lethal as indicated by cessation of spontaneous movements. The number of plerocercoids in the tests was 640. In part B the consumption of pike, perch and burbot, which are known to be most important carriers of D. latum plerocercoids, and the customary methods of preparation of these fish species in Finland are first reviewed. Then the results of 85 frying and 7 boiling experiments are described, in which the temperature change at the sites of the least temperature rise was followed. During frying in the pan the inner temperature of the fish rose to the critical 56° C limit during 10 to 20 min., depending on the size of the fish. Normal boiling and frying in an oven were found to be rather safe in this respect. In all tests fish heated to the critical temperature of the plerocercoids were organoleptically found to be ready for the table.
Topics: Animals; Cooking; Diphyllobothrium; Finland; Fishes
PubMed: 5912471
DOI: 10.1186/BF03547102 -
Parasitology Research Mar 2006Coproscopic examination of 505 dogs originating from the western or central part of Switzerland revealed the presence (prevalence data) of the following helminthes:...
Coproscopic examination of 505 dogs originating from the western or central part of Switzerland revealed the presence (prevalence data) of the following helminthes: Toxocara canis (7.1%), hookworms (6.9%), Trichuris vulpis (5.5%), Toxascaris leonina (1.3%), Taeniidae (1.3%), Capillaria spp. (0.8%), and Diphyllobothrium latum (0.4%). Potential risk factors for infection were identified by a questionnaire: dogs from rural areas significantly more often had hookworms and taeniid eggs in their feces when compared to urban family dogs. Access to small rodents, offal, and carrion was identified as risk factor for hookworm and Taeniidae, while feeding of fresh and uncooked meat did not result in higher prevalences for these helminths. A group of 111 dogs was treated every 3 months with a combined medication of pyrantel embonate, praziquantel, and febantel, and fecal samples were collected for coproscopy in monthly intervals. Despite treatment, the yearly incidence of T. canis was 32%, while hookworms, T. vulpis, Capillaria spp., and Taeniidae reached incidences ranging from 11 to 22%. Fifty-seven percent of the 111 dogs had helminth eggs in their feces at least once during the 1-year study period. This finding implicates that an infection risk with potential zoonotic pathogens cannot be ruled out for the dog owner despite regular deworming four times a year.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Helminth; Antinematodal Agents; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Drug Therapy, Combination; Feces; Guanidines; Helminthiasis, Animal; Helminths; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Praziquantel; Prevalence; Pyrantel Pamoate; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Switzerland; Time Factors
PubMed: 16374614
DOI: 10.1007/s00436-005-0093-8 -
The Korean Journal of Parasitology Dec 2001Diphyllobothrium latum infection in human is not common in Korea and only thirty seven cases have been reported since 1921. We report two cases of fish tapeworm...
Diphyllobothrium latum infection in human is not common in Korea and only thirty seven cases have been reported since 1921. We report two cases of fish tapeworm infection after ingestion of raw cherry salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) caught in the domestic river. Among four family members who ate together raw salmon flesh six months ago, just two, mother and daughter, were infected. It is our expectation that the salmon associated tapeworm infections would be enlisted as one of the major parasitic problems with the growing consumption of salmon in Korea.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Child; Diphyllobothriasis; Diphyllobothrium; Female; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Korea; Praziquantel; Salmon
PubMed: 11775333
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2001.39.4.319 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Sep 2010The specific identification of broad tapeworms (genus Diphyllobothrium) infecting humans is very difficult to perform by morphological observation. Molecular analysis by...
The specific identification of broad tapeworms (genus Diphyllobothrium) infecting humans is very difficult to perform by morphological observation. Molecular analysis by PCR and sequencing represents the only reliable tool to date to identify these parasites to the species level. Due to the recent spread of human diphyllobothriosis in several countries, a correct diagnosis has become crucial to better understand the distribution and the life cycle of human-infecting species as well as to prevent the introduction of parasites to disease-free water systems. Nevertheless, PCR and sequencing, although highly precise, are too complicated, long, and expensive to be employed in medical laboratories for routine diagnostics. In the present study we optimized a cheap and rapid molecular test for the differential identification of the most common Diphyllobothrium species infecting humans (D. latum, D. dendriticum, D. nihonkaiense, and D. pacificum), based on a multiplex PCR with the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene of mitochondrial DNA.
Topics: Animals; DNA, Helminth; Diphyllobothriasis; Diphyllobothrium; Electron Transport Complex IV; Helminth Proteins; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Parasitology; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 20592146
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00445-10 -
Canadian Medical Association Journal Jul 1934
PubMed: 20319577
DOI: No ID Found -
BMC Research Notes Jun 2017Studies have shown that households using sludge from human excreta for agriculture are at an increased risk of soil transmitted helminths. However, while use of... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Is there a difference in prevalence of helminths between households using ecological sanitation and those using traditional pit latrines? A latrine based cross sectional comparative study in Malawi.
BACKGROUND
Studies have shown that households using sludge from human excreta for agriculture are at an increased risk of soil transmitted helminths. However, while use of ecological sanitation (EcoSan) latrines is increasing in most African countries including Malawi, few studies have been done to check whether use of such sludge could potentially increase the prevalence of helminthic infections among household members as a results of exposure to faecal sludge/compared to use of traditional latrines.
METHODS
A cross sectional study was done targeting households using EcoSan and traditional pit latrines. Samples were collected from both types of latrines in Chikwawa (rural) and Blantyre (urban) districts. These two districts have a high number of EcoSan latrines in southern region of Malawi. 156 latrines were sampled (n = 95 traditional; n = 61 EcoSan), and processed following standard guidelines using modified triple floatation method. Identification of helminth ova (Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworms, Trichuris trichiura, Taenia spp. and Diphyllobothrium latum) was done using standard microscopy methods. The difference between the prevalence and mean concentration of helminths between the two types of latrines was tested using Chi Square and t test respectively.
RESULTS
Of the total latrines tested, 85.9% (n = 134) had at least one species of helminth while 84.6% (n = 132) had at least a STH, with 82.0% (n = 50) in EcoSan and 86.3% (n = 82) in traditional pit latrines. There was no significant difference between the prevalence of helminths in EcoSan and traditional pit latrines [χ = 0.43 (1), P = 0.5]. The prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides was significantly higher in EcoSan than in traditional pit latrines [χ = 5.44 (1) p = 0.02] while prevalence of hookworms was significantly higher in traditional pit latrines than in EcoSan latrines [χ = 13.98 (1) p < 0.001]. The highest concentration of helminths per gram of faecal sludge was in traditional pit latrines [31.2 (95% CI 19.1-43.2)] than in EcoSan latrines [26.4 (95% CI 16.5-36.3)].
CONCLUSION
There was no significant difference between overall prevalence of helminths between households using EcoSan and those using traditional pit latrines. However, Ascaris lumbricoides was significantly higher in households using EcoSan latrines. EcoSan users need awareness on safe ways of handling faecal sludge in order to reduce chances of reinfection from Ascaris lumbricoides. Further research should be undertaken on household members to identify those infected and potential routes of infection to enable preventive targeting.
Topics: Agriculture; Animals; Cross-Sectional Studies; Family Characteristics; Feces; Female; Helminthiasis; Helminths; Malawi; Male; Prevalence; Rural Population; Sanitation; Sewage; Socioeconomic Factors; Toilet Facilities; Urban Population
PubMed: 28599671
DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2519-7 -
The Korean Journal of Parasitology Dec 2014Until 2012, a total of 48 cases of diphyllobothriasis had been reported in Korea, all of which were morphologically identified as Diphyllobothrium latum. However, some...
Until 2012, a total of 48 cases of diphyllobothriasis had been reported in Korea, all of which were morphologically identified as Diphyllobothrium latum. However, some of these specimens were analyzed by nucleotide sequencing of the mitochondrial cox1 gene, which showed that all were D. nihonkaiense, not D. latum. After that, 3 further cases of diphyllobothriasis were confirmed as D. nihonkaiense. In the present study, 3 new cases of D. nihonkaiense were detected from 2011 through 2013. The hosts were infected through consumption of salmonid fishes, such as the trout or salmon, and 2 of them experienced severe diarrhea prior to proglottid passage. All of the tapeworms were confirmed to be D. nihonkaiense by genetic identification. This proved again that most diphyllobothriasis in Korea have been caused by D. nihonkaiense.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Cyclooxygenase 1; Diphyllobothriasis; Diphyllobothrium; Foodborne Diseases; Humans; Korea; Male; Middle Aged; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sequence Homology
PubMed: 25548420
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2014.52.6.673