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International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2023Cells are exposed to various internal and external factors that can cause damage over time [...].
Cells are exposed to various internal and external factors that can cause damage over time [...].
Topics: Extracellular Vesicles; Aging; Disease
PubMed: 37762042
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813739 -
Biochemia Medica Feb 2024YKL-40 or Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1 (CHI3L1) is a highly conserved glycoprotein that binds heparin and chitin in a non-enzymatic manner. It is a member of the chitinase... (Review)
Review
YKL-40 or Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1 (CHI3L1) is a highly conserved glycoprotein that binds heparin and chitin in a non-enzymatic manner. It is a member of the chitinase protein family 18, subfamily A, and unlike true chitinases, YKL-40 is a chitinase-like protein without enzymatic activity for chitin. Although its accurate function is yet unknown, the pattern of its expression in the normal and disease states suggests its possible engagement in apoptosis, inflammation and remodeling or degradation of the extracellular matrix. During an inflammatory response, YKL-40 is involved in a complicated interaction between host and bacteria, both promoting and attenuating immune response and potentially being served as an autoantigen in a vicious circle of autoimmunity. Based on its pathophysiology and mechanism of action, the aim of this review was to summarize research on the growing role of YKL-40 as a persuasive biomarker for inflammatory diseases' early diagnosis, prediction and follow-up ( cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, endocrinological, immunological, musculoskeletal, neurological, respiratory, urinary, infectious) with detailed structural and functional background of YKL-40.
Topics: Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1; Inflammation; Biomarkers; Disease; Research; Humans; Animals; Early Diagnosis
PubMed: 38125621
DOI: 10.11613/BM.2024.010502 -
Ageing Research Reviews Aug 2023Autophagy plays a key role in cellular, tissue and organismal homeostasis and in the production of the energy load needed at critical times during development and in... (Review)
Review
Autophagy plays a key role in cellular, tissue and organismal homeostasis and in the production of the energy load needed at critical times during development and in response to nutrient shortage. Autophagy is generally considered as a pro-survival mechanism, although its deregulation has been linked to non-apoptotic cell death. Autophagy efficiency declines with age, thus contributing to many different pathophysiological conditions, such as cancer, cardiomyopathy, diabetes, liver disease, autoimmune diseases, infections, and neurodegeneration. Accordingly, it has been proposed that the maintenance of a proper autophagic activity contributes to the extension of the lifespan in different organisms. A better understanding of the interplay between autophagy and risk of age-related pathologies is important to propose nutritional and life-style habits favouring disease prevention as well as possible clinical applications aimed at promoting long-term health.
Topics: Aging; Autophagy-Related Proteins; Humans; Biomarkers; Autophagy; Longevity; Disease; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Neoplasms; Cardiovascular Diseases; Metabolic Syndrome
PubMed: 37270146
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101967 -
Clinical Immunology (Orlando, Fla.) Jul 2023Meniere Disease (MD) is an inner ear syndrome, characterized by episodes of vertigo, tinnitus and fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss. The pathological mechanism...
BACKGROUND
Meniere Disease (MD) is an inner ear syndrome, characterized by episodes of vertigo, tinnitus and fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss. The pathological mechanism leading to sporadic MD is still poorly understood, however an allergic inflammatory response seems to be involved in some patients with MD.
OBJECTIVE
Decipher an immune signature associated with the syndrome.
METHODS
We performed mass cytometry immune profiling on peripheral blood from MD patients and controls. We analyzed differences in state and differences in abundance of the different cellular subsets. IgE levels were quantified through ELISA on supernatant of cultured whole blood.
RESULTS
We have identified two clusters of individuals according to the single cell cytokine profile. These clusters presented differences in IgE levels, immune cell population abundance, including a reduction of CD56 NK-cells, and changes in cytokine expression with a different response to bacterial and fungal antigens.
CONCLUSION
Our results support a systemic inflammatory response in some MD patients that show a type 2 response with allergic phenotype, which could benefit from personalized IL-4 blockers.
Topics: Humans; Meniere Disease; Vertigo; Cytokines; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural; Syndrome; Immunoglobulin E
PubMed: 37178857
DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109632 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Nov 2023Rusty pipe syndrome (RPS) is a benign, self-limiting condition characterized by bloody milk secretion, and is primarily seen among primiparous women. This case report...
Rusty pipe syndrome (RPS) is a benign, self-limiting condition characterized by bloody milk secretion, and is primarily seen among primiparous women. This case report highlights the clinical presentation of a 31-year-old primiparous woman with bloody milk secretion from gestational week 31. This persisted throughout pregnancy until seven days after birth. RPS should be considered in pregnant women with painless bilateral bloody milk secretion during pregnancy and/or the early days post-partum. The milk can safely be provided to the infant, and RPS is not an indication for formula feeding.
Topics: Infant; Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Adult; Animals; Breast Feeding; Lactation; Milk; Postpartum Period; Syndrome; Parity
PubMed: 38018741
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Hepatology Aug 2023Autoimmune liver diseases are siloed into three syndromes that define clinical practice. These classifiers can, and are, challenged by variant presentations across all... (Review)
Review
Autoimmune liver diseases are siloed into three syndromes that define clinical practice. These classifiers can, and are, challenged by variant presentations across all ages, something inevitable to disease definitions that rely on interpreting (inherently variable) semi-quantitative/qualitative clinical, laboratory, pathological or radiological findings. Furthermore this categorisation is premised on an ongoing absence of definable disease aetiologies. Clinicians thus encounter individuals with biochemical, serological, and histological manifestations that are common to both primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), often labelled as 'PSC/AIH-overlap'. In childhood the term 'autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis (ASC)' may be used, and some propose this to be a distinct disease process. In this article we champion the concept that ASC and PSC/AIH-overlap are not distinct entities. Rather, they represent inflammatory phases of PSC frequently manifesting earlier in the disease course, most notably in younger patients. Ultimately, disease outcomes remain similar to those of a more classical PSC phenotype observed in later life. Thus, we argue that it is now time to align disease names and descriptions used by clinicians across all patient subpopulations, to help unify care. This will enhance collaborative studies and ultimately contribute to rational treatment advances.
Topics: Humans; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Cholangitis, Sclerosing; Liver Diseases; Syndrome
PubMed: 36870613
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.02.030 -
Chinese Medical Journal Jul 2023
Topics: Humans; Dapsone; Drug Hypersensitivity; Hypersensitivity; Syndrome
PubMed: 37057725
DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002492 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Sep 2023Machine-learning algorithm uses structure prediction to spot disease-causing mutations.
Machine-learning algorithm uses structure prediction to spot disease-causing mutations.
Topics: Algorithms; Machine Learning; Mutant Proteins; Protein Conformation; Genetic Variation; Mutation, Missense; Disease; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 37725046
DOI: 10.1126/science.adj8672 -
Eye (London, England) Aug 2023Visual snow syndrome is a neurological condition characterized by ongoing prominent phenomena described consistently as tiny dots moving across the entire visual field,... (Review)
Review
Visual snow syndrome is a neurological condition characterized by ongoing prominent phenomena described consistently as tiny dots moving across the entire visual field, often associated with complex visual symptoms. These can take the form of afterimages, entoptic phenomena, nyctalopia and light sensitivity. Although some of these symptoms can be benign, they can nonetheless become significantly impactful for many who experience them, particularly in cases that have a sudden and abrupt start. As visual snow syndrome becomes increasingly recognized in clinical practice we begin to learn about its typical presentation and underlying pathophysiology. Treatment of visual snow, however, still proves quite challenging, and efforts need to be focused on unravelling the biological mechanisms of the syndrome. This endeavour has characterized the most recent research on visual snow, mostly involving neuroimaging, neurophysiological and neurobehavioral studies aimed at understanding its underlying neural signature. Another important aspect of the syndrome, which will likely prove critical in deepening our understanding of visual snow, is represented by the intricate biological and historical connexion with migraine. This narrative review focused on visual snow syndrome will explore its clinical, pathophysiological and treatment aspects in detail.
Topics: Humans; Migraine Disorders; Vision Disorders; Visual Fields; Syndrome
PubMed: 36788360
DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02435-w -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2023The past several decades has seen a huge expansion of the knowledge and research of mitochondrial dysfunction and the role it plays in ageing and age-related diseases...
The past several decades has seen a huge expansion of the knowledge and research of mitochondrial dysfunction and the role it plays in ageing and age-related diseases [...].
Topics: Mitochondria; Aging; Disease; Humans
PubMed: 37373506
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210359