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Gaceta Medica de Mexico 2017Every cognitive process, including the conceptualization of some perceived facts, such as human disease states, entails both an emotional as an evaluative aspect.... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Every cognitive process, including the conceptualization of some perceived facts, such as human disease states, entails both an emotional as an evaluative aspect. Regarding this, cross-cultural research has shown that there are common human value contents. Therefore, in a human phylogenetic context, it is plausible to argue that, along with the development of our language, both the hetero-perception and self-perception of some specific human states have been termed descriptively to communicate their adaptive significance. This is the case of those human states whose properties have been conceptualized, with the corresponding evaluative emotional component, as "disease". Since names are the symbols of a language that designate any type of object, either perceptual or conceptual, reviewing the etymology of terms related to "disease" could be a contribution to its elucidation. In consequence, some equivalent terms to the Spanish word enfermedad were reviewed in various Indo-European and non-Indo-European languages. From the analyzed denominations we can conclude that the different words have described the perception of human conditions as weak, evil, suffering states, etc. Therefore, there is a denotative concordance with the diseased human states in the revised cultures.
Topics: Concept Formation; Disease; Language; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 28128818
DOI: No ID Found -
Zentralblatt Fur Allgemeine Pathologie... 1987Based on the general principles for classifying objects and its significance for science, and analysis of the current most important principles of classification in... (Review)
Review
Based on the general principles for classifying objects and its significance for science, and analysis of the current most important principles of classification in pathological anatomy is undertaken. In this context 6 groups of signs are presented which seem useful for the classification of diseases. The tendency to change from an artificial to a more natural mode of classification is described. A combination of these two aspects seems to best satisfy the actual needs. Special attention should be concentrated on general etiology and its relation to dialectic determinism. Of great importance is to consider new knowledge on the significance of DNA for the classification of diseases. The idea of disorders of metabolism is outdated and the chapter on disturbances of growth and differentiation must be divided according to the underlying defect.
Topics: Disease; Humans; Pathology
PubMed: 3307217
DOI: No ID Found -
JAMA Dec 1969
Topics: Disease; Environment; Genetic Diseases, Inborn; Humans
PubMed: 5395213
DOI: No ID Found -
Southern Medical Journal Nov 1954
Topics: Disease; Humans; Hyoid Bone; Syndrome
PubMed: 13205302
DOI: 10.1097/00007611-195411000-00013 -
Journal of Environmental and Public... 2012Throughout the continuum of medical and scientific history, repeated evidence has confirmed that the main etiological determinants of disease are nutritional deficiency,... (Review)
Review
Throughout the continuum of medical and scientific history, repeated evidence has confirmed that the main etiological determinants of disease are nutritional deficiency, toxicant exposures, genetic predisposition, infectious agents, and psychological dysfunction. Contemporary conventional medicine generally operates within a genetic predestination paradigm, attributing most chronic and degenerative illness to genomic factors, while incorporating pathogens and psychological disorder in specific situations. Toxicity and deficiency states often receive insufficient attention as common source causes of chronic disease in the developed world. Recent scientific evidence in health disciplines including molecular medicine, epigenetics, and environmental health sciences, however, reveal ineluctable evidence that deficiency and toxicity states feature prominently as common etiological determinants of contemporary ill-health. Incorporating evidence from historical and emerging science, it is evident that a reevaluation of conventional wisdom on the current construct of disease origins should be considered and that new knowledge should receive expeditious translation into clinical strategies for disease management and health promotion. An analysis of almost any scientific problem leads automatically to a study of its history.--Ernst Mayr.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Deficiency Diseases; Disease; Disease Management; Genomics; Hazardous Substances; Health Promotion; History, 15th Century; History, 16th Century; History, 17th Century; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; History, Ancient; History, Medieval; Humans
PubMed: 22262979
DOI: 10.1155/2012/605137 -
BMC Medical Genomics Jan 2010The genetic contributions to human common disorders and mouse genetic models of disease are complex and often overlapping. In common human diseases, unlike classical...
BACKGROUND
The genetic contributions to human common disorders and mouse genetic models of disease are complex and often overlapping. In common human diseases, unlike classical Mendelian disorders, genetic factors generally have small effect sizes, are multifactorial, and are highly pleiotropic. Likewise, mouse genetic models of disease often have pleiotropic and overlapping phenotypes. Moreover, phenotypic descriptions in the literature in both human and mouse are often poorly characterized and difficult to compare directly.
METHODS
In this report, human genetic association results from the literature are summarized with regard to replication, disease phenotype, and gene specific results; and organized in the context of a systematic disease ontology. Similarly summarized mouse genetic disease models are organized within the Mammalian Phenotype ontology. Human and mouse disease and phenotype based gene sets are identified. These disease gene sets are then compared individually and in large groups through dendrogram analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis.
RESULTS
Human disease and mouse phenotype gene sets are shown to group into disease and phenotypically relevant groups at both a coarse and fine level based on gene sharing.
CONCLUSION
This analysis provides a systematic and global perspective on the genetics of common human disease as compared to itself and in the context of mouse genetic models of disease.
Topics: Animals; Cluster Analysis; Databases, Genetic; Disease; Disease Models, Animal; Genetic Association Studies; Humans; Mice; Phenotype
PubMed: 20092628
DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-3-1 -
Annales Medico-psychologiques Dec 1994This article aims to present health psychology, a new discipline which recently appeared in the U.S.A., then in Europe and finally in France. It is defined as the study... (Review)
Review
This article aims to present health psychology, a new discipline which recently appeared in the U.S.A., then in Europe and finally in France. It is defined as the study of interactions between psychological, sociological and biological factors which are influential in the onset, course and prognosis of somatic diseases. Health psychology insists on the moderating role of processual variables in the understanding of stress-distress relationship: perceived stress, coping, perceived control, social support. The most valid assessment methods of these constructs are also presented. Its application aims to promote healthy life-styles, prevention of diseases and the improvement of the management and care of patients.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Disease; Health; Humans; Internal-External Control; Prognosis; Psychology; Social Support; Stress, Physiological; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 7825777
DOI: No ID Found -
Duodecim; Laaketieteellinen... 1988
Review
Topics: Disease; Endocrine System Diseases; Hormones; Humans
PubMed: 3048978
DOI: No ID Found -
European Journal of Epidemiology 2006According to what Robert Koch termed the etiological standpoint, illnesses are best understood and controlled by focusing on their causes, including in their definitions... (Review)
Review
According to what Robert Koch termed the etiological standpoint, illnesses are best understood and controlled by focusing on their causes, including in their definitions and, thus, in the construction of their taxonomies. In some ways flawed, this standpoint has been misunderstood and misapplied. A taxonomy based solely on etiology was an unrealistic dream in the context of 'the bacteriological revolution', and it also is unrealistic in the present context of 'the genetic revolution.' We argue that the illnesses in a taxonomy of them are in some cases best defined directly in terms of their respective somatic anomalies, in some others indirectly by the unique and universal etiology of that anomaly (left unspecified) in a 'deeper' somatic anomaly, and in yet others as a combination of these; and when the somatic anomaly for direct definition remains unknown, it is to be defined indirectly by the clinical syndrome that is its patient-relevant manifestation, possibly in conjunction with a somatic cause. We note, also, that these taxonomic issues have no material bearing on epidemiologists' etiologic research for the knowledge base of community-level preventive medicine.
Topics: Disease; Genetics, Medical; Humans
PubMed: 16518676
DOI: 10.1007/s10654-005-5925-4 -
Annals of Internal Medicine Nov 1996The complex interactions between microorganisms and human hosts include the well-known, traditional infectious diseases and the symbiotic relation we have with our... (Review)
Review
The complex interactions between microorganisms and human hosts include the well-known, traditional infectious diseases and the symbiotic relation we have with our normal flora. The media have brought to the public's attention many newly described infectious diseases, such as Ebola virus hemorrhagic fever, that were not part of common medical parlance a decade ago. While flooding us with interesting and often dramatic reports of so-called emerging infectious diseases, the media have largely ignored a more fundamental change in our appreciation of human-microorganism interactions: the discovery that transmissible agents may play important roles in diseases not suspected of being infectious in origin. A well-known example is ulcer disease; other examples include neurodegenerative disease, inflammatory disease, and cancer. These fascinating instances of host-pathogen interaction open new prospects for the prevention of disease through immunization.
Topics: Disease; Humans; Infections
PubMed: 8928993
DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-125-10-199611150-00010