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Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology :... Jul 2012Infantile hemangiomas (IH) are the most common eyelid and orbital tumors of childhood. Although they are considered benign lesions that have a generally self-limited...
Infantile hemangiomas (IH) are the most common eyelid and orbital tumors of childhood. Although they are considered benign lesions that have a generally self-limited course, in the periocular region, they have the potential to cause amblyopia, strabismus, and severe disfigurement. The decision for treatment can be a source of anxiety for patients, parents, and physicians alike. There are numerous treatment modalities, including emerging therapies that may make treatment safer and more effective than ever before. This review discusses our current understanding of this disease, its management, and future therapies.
PubMed: 23961007
DOI: 10.1016/j.sjopt.2012.05.004 -
Skin Appendage Disorders Jan 2022Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, disfiguring, and debilitating inflammatory skin condition accompanied by pain, malodorous discharge, scarring, and a scarce...
INTRODUCTION
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, disfiguring, and debilitating inflammatory skin condition accompanied by pain, malodorous discharge, scarring, and a scarce quality of life. Skin folds are the most frequently affected areas, while the face is rarely involved.
CASE PRESENTATION
We herein report a case of a man in his 40s affected by a severe form of HS for 15 years. Physical examination showed massive, bridged scarring located on the cheeks, temporal area, chin, nuchae, and scalp.
DISCUSSION
Massive face scarring due to HS is an infrequent event and represents a further burden for patients affected by HS and a therapeutic challenge for clinicians due to the lack of codified guidelines. Novel therapies with lasers and combination therapies are emerging and may be beneficial for hypertrophic scarring in HS.
PubMed: 35118134
DOI: 10.1159/000518433 -
Transplant International : Official... Nov 2011Nonneoplastic mucocutaneous lesions are frequent in organ transplant recipients. Many of them are caused by a direct toxicity of immunosuppressive drugs, in particular... (Review)
Review
Nonneoplastic mucocutaneous lesions are frequent in organ transplant recipients. Many of them are caused by a direct toxicity of immunosuppressive drugs, in particular glucocorticoids and cyclosporine. The effects of these agents are dose- and time-dependent. Glucocorticoids can cause acne, Cushingoid appearance, irregular purpuric areas, friable skin, and wide and violaceous stripes. Cyclosporine can cause hypertrichosis, pilosebaceous lesions, and gum hypertrophy. Patients with esthetic changes may show poor adherence to treatment with these immunosuppressive agents that may lead to progressive graft dysfunction. Apart from this direct toxicity, vigorous immunosuppression may render the transplant recipients more susceptible to mucocutaneous infections. Fungal infection, viral warts, and bacterial folliculitis are the most frequent types of mucocutaneous infection. Some fungal infections, such as oral candidiasis and pityriasis versicolor, are relatively trivial, but other mycotic infections can cause severe or disfigurating lesions. Among viral infections, warts and condylomata caused by human papilloma virus are frequent and may favor the development of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Bacterial infections are usually trivial in the early period after transplantation, being represented almost exclusively by folliculitis. However, subcutaneous infections may cause a necrotizing fasciculitis which is a life-threatening disorder, usually sustained by polymicrobial pathogens.
Topics: Dermatomycoses; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Immunosuppressive Agents; Skin Diseases; Skin Diseases, Bacterial; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Skin Diseases, Parasitic; Transplants
PubMed: 21806688
DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2011.01308.x -
Systemic Inflammation and Cardiovascular Comorbidity in Psoriasis Patients: Causes and Consequences.Frontiers in Immunology 2018Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease characterized by the appearance of red scaly plaques that can affect any part of the body. High prevalence, chronicity,... (Review)
Review
Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease characterized by the appearance of red scaly plaques that can affect any part of the body. High prevalence, chronicity, disfiguration, disability, and associated comorbidity make it a challenge for clinicians of multiple specialties. Likewise, its complex pathogenesis, comprising inflammation, hyperproliferation, and angioneogenesis, intrigues numerous scientific disciplines, namely, immunology. From a clinical perspective, the severity of psoriasis is highlighted by its increased mortality, with cardiovascular diseases contributing the highest excess risk. From a scientific point of view, psoriasis has to be considered a systemic inflammatory condition, as blood biomarkers of inflammation are elevated and imaging techniques document sites of inflammation beyond the skin. While the association of psoriasis with cardiovascular diseases is now widely accepted, causes and consequences of this association are controversially discussed. This review comments on epidemiologic, genetic, and mechanistic studies that analyzed the relation between psoriasis and cardiovascular comorbidity. The hypothesis of psoriasis potentially being an independent cardiovascular risk factor, driving atherosclerosis inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction, will be discussed. Finally, consequences for the management of psoriasis with the objective to reduce the patients' excess cardiovascular risk will be pointed out.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Comorbidity; Disease Management; Disease Susceptibility; Humans; Inflammation; Prognosis; Psoriasis
PubMed: 29675020
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00579 -
The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic... May 2016Basal cell carcinoma is the most commonly occurring cancer in the world and overall incidence is still on the rise. While typically a slow-growing tumor for which... (Review)
Review
Basal cell carcinoma is the most commonly occurring cancer in the world and overall incidence is still on the rise. While typically a slow-growing tumor for which metastases is rare, basal cell carcinoma can be locally destructive and disfiguring. Given the vast prevalence of this disease, there is a significant overall burden on patient well-being and quality of life. The current mainstay of basal cell carcinoma treatment involves surgical modalities, such as electrodessication and curettage, excision, cryosurgery, and Mohs micrographic surgery. Such methods are typically reserved for localized basal cell carcinoma and offer high five-year cure rates, but come with the risk of functional impairment, disfigurement, and scarring. Here, the authors review the evidence and indications for nonsurgical treatment modalities in cases where surgery is impractical, contraindicated, or simply not desired by the patient.
PubMed: 27386043
DOI: No ID Found -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Jul 2023Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is the most commonly noted form of mucormycosis, which is the most common secondary fungal infection following severe acute...
Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is the most commonly noted form of mucormycosis, which is the most common secondary fungal infection following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Osteomyelitis is one of the rare sequelae of ROCM, frontal osteomyelitis being the rarest. We present four patients of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated mucormycosis, who presented with frontal bone osteomyelitis after being treated for ROCM surgically and medically. This is the first case series highlighting this complication in post-COVID-19 mucormycosis patients and needs utmost attention as it can be life-threatening and can cause extreme facial disfiguration. All four patients are alive with salvage of the affected globe and vision being preserved in one patient. If identified early, disfiguration of face and intracranial extension can be avoided.
Topics: Humans; Mucormycosis; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Disease Progression; Osteomyelitis; Orbital Diseases
PubMed: 37417145
DOI: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_3117_22 -
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and... Jun 2017Rhinophyma is characterized by nodular thickening of the Nasal skin, sebaceous gland hyperplasia, dilated pores, and in its late stage, fibrosis. In severe cases, it...
Rhinophyma is characterized by nodular thickening of the Nasal skin, sebaceous gland hyperplasia, dilated pores, and in its late stage, fibrosis. In severe cases, it results in loss of normal facial contours, significant disfigurement, and social isolation. Treatment options for severe rhinophyma include cryosurgery, partial-thickness decortications with subsequent secondary reepithelialisation, laser ablation, full thickness resection with graft or flap reconstruction, excision by electrocautery or radio frequency. We report a case of severe rhinophyma resulting in marked facial disfigurement treated successfully with trimodal therapy with excellent cosmetic outcome on a long term follow up.
PubMed: 28607886
DOI: 10.1007/s12070-017-1052-2 -
International Journal of Clinical... Jan 2014Epidermal nevi are hamartomas that are characterized by hyperplasia of the epidermis and adnexal structures, and may be associated with serious disfiguration. Germline...
Epidermal nevi are hamartomas that are characterized by hyperplasia of the epidermis and adnexal structures, and may be associated with serious disfiguration. Germline mutations in the FGFR3 gene have found to be the etiology of epidermal nevus. Patients often seek treatment from dermatologic surgeons but even an alert dentist can help to diagnose the lesion from its clinical appearance. Various treatment modalities are available and it is the clinician's choice to choose depending upon the patient's condition. How to cite this article: Arora B, Khinda VIS, Bajaj N, Brar GS. Congenital Epidermal Nevus. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2014;7(1): 43-46.
PubMed: 25206237
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1232 -
Postgraduate Medical Journal Nov 2007Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease that affects 1-3% of Caucasian populations and may be persistent, disfiguring and stigmatizing. There is a range of severity,... (Review)
Review
Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease that affects 1-3% of Caucasian populations and may be persistent, disfiguring and stigmatizing. There is a range of severity, but even when the affected body surface area is relatively limited the impact on day-to-day activities and social interactions may be significant. An understanding of the psychological burden and an appreciation that many patients are currently dissatisfied with their management has driven the development of more effective treatment. In recent years psoriasis has been the focus of intense investigation resulting in an improved understanding of the immunopathogenesis, and the development of new, targeted biological treatments.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Dermatologic Agents; Genotype; Humans; Immunotherapy; PUVA Therapy; Psoriasis; Steroids
PubMed: 17989268
DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.2007.061473 -
Eye and Vision (London, England) 2014Thyroid eye disease (also known as Graves' ophthalmopathy) is a complex orbital inflammatory disease, which can be sight threatening, debilitating and disfiguring. This... (Review)
Review
Thyroid eye disease (also known as Graves' ophthalmopathy) is a complex orbital inflammatory disease, which can be sight threatening, debilitating and disfiguring. This overview discusses the epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, presentation, ophthalmic clinical features, investigations and treatment of thyroid eye disease.
PubMed: 26605355
DOI: 10.1186/s40662-014-0009-8