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International Journal of Cardiology Nov 2013This study aimed at understanding whether investigators from less wealthy countries were at a disadvantage in disseminating their research, after accounting for... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
This study aimed at understanding whether investigators from less wealthy countries were at a disadvantage in disseminating their research, after accounting for potential differences in research quality and infrastructure.
METHODS AND RESULTS
In this bibliometric analysis a representative random selection of 10% (n=1002 studies) of all abstracts submitted to the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) congress 2006 was followed for publication and citation from September 2006 to December 2011. The main variable of interest was the per-capita gross domestic product (GDP) of the country of the principal investigator. Using multivariable models that adjusted for socioeconomic indicators and previously identified markers of research quality, we examined the relationship between per-capita GDP and three study endpoints: Acceptance at the ESC congress, full-text publication, and number of two-year citations. Among 1002 abstracts from 63 countries, per-capita GDP was positively correlated with all three study endpoints. After adjusting for markers of research quality and infrastructure, per-capita GDP remained a strong predictor for acceptance at the ESC congress (adjusted OR for every 10,000 USD increase in per-capita GDP, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.80), full-text publication within 5years (adjusted OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.17 to 1.90), and high citation frequency (adjusted OR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.31 to 4.04). These findings were largely consistent in a subgroup of abstracts of high-quality, prospective clinical trials.
CONCLUSION
Investigators in less wealthy countries face challenges to disseminate their research, even after accounting for potential differences in the quality of their work and research infrastructure.
Topics: Bibliometrics; Biomedical Research; Cardiovascular Diseases; Follow-Up Studies; Global Health; Gross Domestic Product; Humans; United Nations
PubMed: 24139785
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.08.101 -
BMJ Open Sep 2020Obstacles to successful settlement-social isolation, language hardship, issues with employment, housing questions, transportation, barriers to health, education and...
Activities and programmes that support the emotional wellness and well-being of refugees, immigrants and other newcomers within settlement agencies: a scoping review protocol.
INTRODUCTION
Obstacles to successful settlement-social isolation, language hardship, issues with employment, housing questions, transportation, barriers to health, education and government service access-all potentially play a role in emerging physical and mental health problems. The objective of this scoping review is to map the available evidence in order to provide an overview of the services and resources offered to refugees, immigrants and other newcomers by settlement agencies to support emotional wellness and well-being.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS
The protocol to be followed for this scoping review is based on the Joanna Briggs Institute to provide a map of the current and emergent literature, and examine the extent, range and nature of this literature. The proposed scoping review will also identify the gaps in research pertaining to the emotional wellness of refugees, immigrants and other newcomers as well as summarise and disseminate research findings and provide direction for future reviews. Key databases for this scoping review include APA PsycINFO, Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature Plus, Academic Search Complete, and Education Research Complete. The database search start and end dates for this scoping review will be from inception to July 2020. The article searches will take place between August and October 2020.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
Ethics is not required as the research will not involve human or animal subjects. The research is a scoping review, and thus relies on published and grey literature studies and documents. The findings of this proposed scoping review will be disseminated through future publications as well as presentations to relevant stakeholders, including immigrant serving agencies. We anticipate that this scoping review will identify gaps in research pertaining to the emotional wellness of refugees, immigrants and other newcomers. The results of this review will be the first comprehensive recent survey of emotional wellness practices employed by settlement agencies.
Topics: Emigrants and Immigrants; Humans; Mental Health; Organizations; Peer Review; Refugees; Research Design
PubMed: 32938589
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033377 -
Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2023As a pandemic emerges, information on epidemic prevention disseminates among the populace, and the propagation of that information interacts with the proliferation of...
As a pandemic emerges, information on epidemic prevention disseminates among the populace, and the propagation of that information interacts with the proliferation of the disease. Mass media serve a pivotal function in facilitating the dissemination of epidemic-related information. Investigating coupled information-epidemic dynamics, while accounting for the promotional effect of mass media in information dissemination, is of significant practical relevance. Nonetheless, in the extant research, scholars predominantly employ an assumption that mass media broadcast to all individuals equally within the network: this assumption overlooks the practical constraint imposed by the substantial social resources required to accomplish such comprehensive promotion. In response, this study introduces a coupled information-epidemic spreading model with mass media that can selectively target and disseminate information to a specific proportion of high-degree nodes. We employed a microscopic Markov chain methodology to scrutinize our model, and we examined the influence of the various model parameters on the dynamic process. The findings of this study reveal that mass media broadcasts directed towards high-degree nodes within the information spreading layer can substantially reduce the infection density of the epidemic, and raise the spreading threshold of the epidemic. Additionally, as the mass media broadcast proportion increases, the suppression effect on the disease becomes stronger. Moreover, with a constant broadcast proportion, the suppression effect of mass media promotion on epidemic spreading within the model is more pronounced in a multiplex network with a negative interlayer degree correlation, compared to scenarios with positive or absent interlayer degree correlation.
PubMed: 37372271
DOI: 10.3390/e25060927 -
Journal of Anesthesia, Analgesia and... Mar 2024Dissemination of medical practice and scientific information through social media (SoMe) by clinicians and researchers is increasing. Broad exposure of information can... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Dissemination of medical practice and scientific information through social media (SoMe) by clinicians and researchers is increasing. Broad exposure of information can promote connectivity within the scientific community, overcome barriers to access to sources, increase debate, and reveal layperson perspectives and preferences. On the other hand, practices lacking scientific evidence may also be promoted, laypeople may misunderstand the professional message, and clinician may suffer erosion of professional status. The aim of this project was to enhance awareness and advise the anesthesia community and clinicians at large about the potential risks advocate for responsible use of SoMe to disseminate information related to medical practices and knowledge.
METHODS
A modified Delphi process with prespecified consensus criteria was conducted among a multidisciplinary panel of experts, including anesthesiologists-intensivists, clinical psychologists, and forensic medicine specialists. Six items were identified: Ethics and deontological principles, the practice of sharing information via social media, legal aspects, psychological aspects, self-promotion, and criteria for appropriate dissemination. Statements and rationales were produced and subjected to blinded panelists' votes. After reaching consensus, a document was written which then underwent external review by experts uninvolved in the consensus process. The project was promoted by the Italian Society of Anesthesia Analgesia Resuscitation and Intensive Care (SIAARTI).
RESULTS
Twelve statements were produced, and consensus was achieved for all. The panel concluded that the general principles guiding dissemination of professional information via SoMe must remain in line with the general principles of ethics, deontology, and scientific validity that guide the medical profession and science in general. Professional equity must be maintained while communicating via SoMe. Medical practices lacking support by scientific evidence should not be disseminated. Patients' informed consent must be obtained before dissemination of information, images, or data. Self-promotion must not be prioritized over any of these principles.
CONCLUSIONS
When sharing medical practices and scientific information on SoMe, healthcare professionals are advised to act conscientiously and ethically. Local regulations should be adhered to. Institutional training on the potential risks and proper of SoMe for such purpose may contribute to preservation of professional integrity.
PubMed: 38504319
DOI: 10.1186/s44158-024-00157-3 -
Gut Microbes 2022species are the most prevalent cause of invasive fungal infections, of which is the most common. Translocation across the epithelial barrier into the bloodstream by... (Review)
Review
species are the most prevalent cause of invasive fungal infections, of which is the most common. Translocation across the epithelial barrier into the bloodstream by intestinal-colonizing cells serves as the main source for systemic infections. Understanding the fungal mechanisms behind this process will give valuable insights on how to prevent such infections and keep in the commensal state in patients with predisposing conditions. This review will focus on recent developments in characterizing fungal translocation mechanisms, compare what we know about enteric bacterial pathogens with , and discuss the different proposed hypotheses for how enters and disseminates through the bloodstream immediately following translocation.
Topics: Humans; Candida albicans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Intestines
PubMed: 36503341
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2154548 -
Cancers Dec 2020Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell (PC) malignancy characterised by the presence of MM PCs at multiple sites throughout the bone marrow. Increased numbers of... (Review)
Review
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell (PC) malignancy characterised by the presence of MM PCs at multiple sites throughout the bone marrow. Increased numbers of peripheral blood MM PCs are associated with rapid disease progression, shorter time to relapse and are a feature of advanced disease. In this review, the current understanding of the process of MM PC dissemination and the extrinsic and intrinsic factors potentially driving it are addressed through analysis of patient-derived MM PCs and MM cell lines as well as mouse models of homing and dissemination. In addition, we discuss how patient cytogenetic subgroups that present with highly disseminated disease, such as t(4;14), t(14;16) and t(14;20), suggest that intrinsic properties of MM PC influence their ability to disseminate. Finally, we discuss the possibility of using therapeutic targeting of tumour dissemination to slow disease progression and prevent overt relapse.
PubMed: 33291672
DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123643 -
Journal of Medical Internet Research Dec 2021Social media is increasingly being leveraged by researchers to engage in public debates and rapidly disseminate research results to health care providers, health care...
Social media is increasingly being leveraged by researchers to engage in public debates and rapidly disseminate research results to health care providers, health care users, policy makers, educators, and the general public. This paper contributes to the growing literature on the use of social media for digital knowledge mobilization, drawing particular attention to TikTok and its unique potential for collaborative knowledge mobilization with underserved communities who experience barriers to health care and health inequities (eg, equity-seeking groups). Setting the TikTok platform apart from other social media are the unique audiovisual video editing tools, together with an impactful algorithm, that make knowledge dissemination and exchange with large global audiences possible. As an example, we will discuss digital knowledge mobilization with trans and nonbinary (trans) communities, a population that experiences barriers to health care and is engaged in significant peer-to-peer health information sharing on the web. To demonstrate, analytics data from 13 selected TikTok videos on the topic of research on gender-affirming medicine (eg, hormonal therapy and surgeries) are presented to illustrate how knowledge is disseminated within the trans community via TikTok. Considerations for researchers planning to use TikTok for digital knowledge mobilization and other related community engagement with equity-seeking groups are also discussed. These include the limitations of TikTok analytics data for measuring knowledge mobilization, population-specific concerns related to community safety on social media, the spread of disinformation, barriers to internet access, and commercialization and intellectual property issues. This paper concludes that TikTok is an innovative social media platform that presents possibilities for achieving transformative, community-engaged knowledge mobilization among researchers, underserved health care users, and their health care providers, all of whom are necessary to achieve better health care and population health outcomes.
Topics: Disinformation; Health Inequities; Humans; Social Media
PubMed: 34889739
DOI: 10.2196/30315 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Aug 2011Clinical practice is not always evidence-based and, therefore, may not optimise patient outcomes. Opinion leaders disseminating and implementing 'best evidence' is one... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Clinical practice is not always evidence-based and, therefore, may not optimise patient outcomes. Opinion leaders disseminating and implementing 'best evidence' is one method that holds promise as a strategy to bridge evidence-practice gaps.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the effectiveness of the use of local opinion leaders in improving professional practice and patient outcomes.
SEARCH STRATEGY
We searched Cochrane EPOC Group Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, HMIC, Science Citation Index, Social Science Citation Index, ISI Conference Proceedings and World Cat Dissertations up to 5 May 2009. In addition, we searched reference lists of included articles.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Studies eligible for inclusion were randomised controlled trials investigating the effectiveness of using opinion leaders to disseminate evidence-based practice and reporting objective measures of professional performance and/or health outcomes.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently extracted data from each study and assessed its risk of bias. For each trial, we calculated the median risk difference (RD) for compliance with desired practice, adjusting for baseline where data were available. We reported the median adjusted RD for each of the main comparisons.
MAIN RESULTS
We included 18 studies involving more than 296 hospitals and 318 PCPs. Fifteen studies (18 comparisons) contributed to the calculations of the median adjusted RD for the main comparisons. The effects of interventions varied across the 63 outcomes from 15% decrease in compliance to 72% increase in compliance with desired practice. The median adjusted RD for the main comparisons were: i) Opinion leaders compared to no intervention, +0.09; ii) Opinion leaders alone compared to a single intervention, +0.14; iii) Opinion leaders with one or more additional intervention(s) compared to the one or more additional intervention(s), +0.10; iv) Opinion leaders as part of multiple interventions compared to no intervention, +0.10. Overall, across all 18 studies the median adjusted RD was +0.12 representing a 12% absolute increase in compliance in the intervention group.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Opinion leaders alone or in combination with other interventions may successfully promote evidence-based practice, but effectiveness varies both within and between studies. These results are based on heterogeneous studies differing in terms of type of intervention, setting, and outcomes measured. In most of the studies the role of the opinion leader was not clearly described, and it is therefore not possible to say what the best way is to optimise the effectiveness of opinion leaders.
Topics: Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Information Dissemination; Leadership; Policy Making; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Process Assessment, Health Care; Professional Practice; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 21833939
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000125.pub4 -
Vaccine: X Dec 2023SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy is associated with a greater risk of maternal and newborn morbidity and maternal death. Bangladesh confirmed its first COVID-19 case in...
SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy is associated with a greater risk of maternal and newborn morbidity and maternal death. Bangladesh confirmed its first COVID-19 case in March of 2020, and vaccination rollout started in January of 2021. In Bangladesh, pregnant women are allowed to receive COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy with qualifications while lactating women are permitted to receive COVID-19 vaccines with no qualifications as of October 2021. There is limited evidence on how vaccine policies are disseminated, interpreted, and implemented from the national level to the community level in Bangladesh. We conducted in-depth interviews from April-August 2022 with policymakers and healthcare workers in Bangladesh to understand how different stakeholders understood and implemented COVID-19 vaccination policies related to pregnant and lactating women. We interviewed policymakers at three levels: national, divisional, and district, and interviewed healthcare workers from one one urban and three rural communities within one division. We found a gap between policies related to COVID-19 vaccination for pregnant and lactating women and policy interpretation among policymakers and healthcare workers. Policymakers and healthcare workers' perceptions differed related to policy dissemination, attitudes toward policies related to pregnant and lactating women, and eligibility of pregnant and lactating women. Our findings indicate the need for effective dissemination of and understanding of policies. Within the context of vaccine uptake and vaccine acceptance, policymakers play a critical role as they are charged with developing and disseminating policy related to vaccine eligibility. Healthcare workers rely on timely and accurate communication related to vaccine eligibility, including populations, timing, and locations. Efforts are needed to narrow the policy and policy implementation gap as doing so is crucial to controlling vaccine preventable disease.
PubMed: 37589020
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100370 -
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022In the digital media era, new media platforms have become the main channels for transmitting medical and health information in China. However, anti-intellectualism...
In the digital media era, new media platforms have become the main channels for transmitting medical and health information in China. However, anti-intellectualism limits the effectiveness of disseminating health information. Therefore, in China, the government and health departments have made efforts to determine how to control anti-intellectualism to effectively disseminate medical and health information, given the situation of a global pandemic and its counter-measures. Against this backdrop, this study applied textual analysis to explore the manifestations of anti-intellectualism in network platforms. The key findings indicate that the irrational behavior of anti-intellectuals is manifested in emotional dominance, abusive behavior, overconfidence and trusting rumors. Based on these results, the authors propose some measures to balance the relationship between anti-intellectualism and health communication. The findings of the study have significant implications for improving the effectiveness of health communication in China.
PubMed: 36611581
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11010121