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Poultry Science Feb 2022Pendulous crop (PC) in the turkey occurs when the crop distends from its normal position, thereby preventing the movement of feed and water from the crop down into the...
Pendulous crop (PC) in the turkey occurs when the crop distends from its normal position, thereby preventing the movement of feed and water from the crop down into the digestive system. This condition negatively impacts the turkey industry at both production and welfare levels. In this study, we estimated the genetic parameters for PC incidence and its genetic correlation with 5 production traits. Additionally, we evaluated the prediction accuracy and bias of breeding values for the selection candidates using pedigree (BLUP) or pedigree-genomic (ssGBLUP) relationships among the animals. A total of 245,783 turkey records were made available by Hybrid Turkeys, Kitchener, Canada. Of these, 6,545 were affected with PC. In addition, the data included 9,634 records for breast meat yield (BMY); 5,592 records for feed conversion ratio (FCR) and residual feed intake (RFI) in males; 170,844 records for body weight (BW) and walking score (WS) between 18 and 20 wk of age for males (71,012) and females (99,832), respectively. Among this population, 36,830 were genotyped using a 65K SNP Illumina Inc. chip. While all animals passed the quality control criteria, only 53,455 SNP markers were retained for subsequent analysis. Heritability for PC was estimated at 0.16 ± 0.00 and 0.17 ± 0.00 using BLUP and ssGBLUP, respectively. The incidence of PC was not genetically correlated with WS or FCR. Low unfavourable genetic correlations with BW (0.12 and 0.14), BMY (0.24 and 0.24) and RFI (-0.33 and -0.28) were obtained using BLUP and ssGBLUP, respectively. Using ssGBLUP showed higher prediction accuracy (0.51) for the breeding values for the selection candidates than the pedigree-based model (0.35). Whereas the bias of the prediction was slightly reduced with ssGBLUP (0.33 ± 0.05) than BLUP (0.30 ± 0.08), both models showed a regression coefficient lower than one, indicating inflation in the predictions. The results of this study suggest that PC is a heritable trait and selection for lower PC incidence rates is feasible. Although further investigation is necessary, selection for BW, BMY, and RFI may increase PC incidence. Incorporating genomic information would lead to higher accuracy in predicting the genetic merit for selection candidates.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Chickens; Female; Genomics; Genotype; Male; Models, Genetic; Pedigree; Phenotype; Turkeys
PubMed: 34954445
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101601 -
Clinical Case Reports Dec 2021A 62-year-old woman with a severely distended abdomen and no palpable superficial lymph nodes visited the hospital. Computed tomography with contrast enhancement...
A 62-year-old woman with a severely distended abdomen and no palpable superficial lymph nodes visited the hospital. Computed tomography with contrast enhancement revealed multiple fused and homogeneously contrasting masses filling the abdominal cavity. She was diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by ultrasound-guided needle biopsy performed on admission.
PubMed: 34938557
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5191 -
ACG Case Reports Journal 2017A 58-year-old man with end-stage renal disease presented with hypotension and emesis, pale conjunctivae, and a distended abdomen. Labs revealed hypercalcemia and...
A 58-year-old man with end-stage renal disease presented with hypotension and emesis, pale conjunctivae, and a distended abdomen. Labs revealed hypercalcemia and leukocytosis. Abdominal imaging showed gastric pneumatosis. Endoscopy demonstrated significant hemorrhage and necrosis in the gastric cardia and fundus. Biopsies revealed acute ulcerative gastritis and focal intravascular calcium phosphate crystals. The patient remained nil per os and was placed on omeprazole and sucralfate. Repeat endoscopy demonstrated mucosal healing. Gastric calciphylaxis in the setting of gastric pneumatosis is an uncommon finding, especially in patients without cutaneous findings.
PubMed: 28761894
DOI: 10.14309/crj.2017.91 -
Frontiers in Physiology 2022Prior studies suggest that urothelium-released adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) has a prominent role in bladder mechanotransduction. Urothelial ATP regulates the...
Prior studies suggest that urothelium-released adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) has a prominent role in bladder mechanotransduction. Urothelial ATP regulates the micturition cycle through activation of purinergic receptors that are expressed in many cell types in the lamina propria (LP), including afferent neurons, and might also be important for direct mechanosensitive signaling between urothelium and detrusor. The excitatory action of ATP is terminated by enzymatic hydrolysis, which subsequently produces bioactive metabolites. We examined possible mechanosensitive mechanisms of ATP hydrolysis in the LP by determining the degradation of 1, -etheno-ATP (eATP) at the anti-luminal side of nondistended (empty) or distended (full) murine (C57BL/6J) detrusor-free bladder model, using HPLC. The hydrolysis of eATP and eADP was greater in contact with LP of distended than of nondistended bladders whereas the hydrolysis of eAMP remained unchanged during filling, suggesting that some steps of eATP hydrolysis in the LP are mechanosensitive. eATP and eADP were also catabolized in extraluminal solutions (ELS) that were in contact with the LP of detrusor-free bladders, but removed from the organ chambers prior to addition of substrate. The degradation of both purines was greater in ELS from distended than from nondistended preparations, suggesting the presence of mechanosensitive release of soluble nucleotidases in the LP. The released enzyme activities were affected differently by Ca and Mg. The common nucleotidase inhibitors ARL67156, POM-1, PSB06126, and ENPP1 Inhibitor C, but not the alkaline phosphatase inhibitor (-)-p-bromotetramisole oxalate, inhibited the enzymes released during bladder distention. Membrane-bound nucleotidases were identified in tissue homogenates and in concentrated ELS from distended preparations by Wes immunodetection. The relative distribution of nucleotidases was ENTPD1 >> ENPP1 > ENTPD2 = ENTPD3 > ENPP3 = NT5E >> ENTPD8 = TNAP in urothelium and ENTPD1 >> ENTPD3 >> ENPP3 > ENPP1 = ENTPD2 = NT5E >> ENTPD8 = TNAP in concentrated ELS, suggesting that regulated ectodomain shedding of membrane-bound nucleotidases possibly occurs in the LP during bladder filling. Mechanosensitive degradation of ATP and ADP by membrane-bound and soluble nucleotidases in the LP diminishes the availability of excitatory purines in the LP at the end of bladder filling. This might be a safeguard mechanism to prevent over-excitability of the bladder. Proper proportions of excitatory and inhibitory purines in the bladder wall are determined by distention-associated purine release and purine metabolism.
PubMed: 35784885
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.918100 -
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics May 2012Carbon dioxide (CO(2)) insufflation has been proposed as an alternative to air insufflation to distend the lumen in gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Carbon dioxide (CO(2)) insufflation has been proposed as an alternative to air insufflation to distend the lumen in gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy.
AIM
To perform a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in which CO(2) insufflation was compared with room air insufflation in GI endoscopy.
METHODS
Electronic and manual searches were combined to search RCTs. After methodological quality assessment and data extraction, the efficacy and safety of CO(2) insufflation were systematically assessed.
RESULTS
Twenty-one RCTs [13 on colonoscopy, four on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), two on double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE), one on oesophagogastroduodenoscopy, and one on flexible sigmoidoscopy] were identified. For colonoscopy, CO(2) insufflation resulted lower postprocedural pain intensity, and increased the proportion of patient without pain at 1 h (RR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.37-2.47) and 6 h (RR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.14-1.44) postprocedure. For ERCP, the pain-releasing effect of CO(2) insufflation was not obvious (SMD: -1.48, 95% CI: -3.56, 0.59). CO(2) insufflation revealed no consistent advantages in the RCTs of DBE, but was shown as safe as air insufflation in oesophagus/stomach endoscopic submucosal dissection in one study. pCO(2) level showed no significant variation during these procedures.
CONCLUSIONS
Compared with air insufflation, CO(2) insufflation during colonoscopy causes lower postprocedural pain and bowel distension without significant pCO(2) variation. More RCTs are needed to assess its advantages in other GI endoscopic procedures.
Topics: Air; Carbon Dioxide; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Humans; Insufflation; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 22452652
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2012.05078.x -
Acta Medica Lituanica 2022Acute appendicitis in a newborn is rare and may be fatal. The reported incidence is 0,04 % to 0,2 %. Diagnosis remains challenging as the symptoms are undefined.
BACKGROUND
Acute appendicitis in a newborn is rare and may be fatal. The reported incidence is 0,04 % to 0,2 %. Diagnosis remains challenging as the symptoms are undefined.
CASE PRESENTATION
Here we present a full-term newborn boy of 9 days presenting with malaise, reluctance to feed and subfebrile fever. Over the course of 6 days his condition became worse. The newborn was febrile, passed no stool and his stomach became distended. Perforation due to necrotizing enterocolitis was highly suspected. The diagnosis of acute appendicitis was finalized perioperatively after the perforation and worsening condition made the emergency surgery inevitable. After 16 days of admission the patient was discharged in good condition.
CONCLUSION
Appendicitis in neonates is a dangerous yet manageable condition. While rare it should be included in differential diagnosis when presented with atypical necrotizing enterocolitis or unexplained peritonitis. Quick and accurate diagnosis may increase survival rates.
PubMed: 36061939
DOI: 10.15388/Amed.2021.29.1.3 -
Experimental Physiology Oct 2023What is the topic of this review? We review barosensory vessel mechanics and their role in blood pressure regulation across the lifespan. What advances does it... (Review)
Review
NEW FINDINGS
What is the topic of this review? We review barosensory vessel mechanics and their role in blood pressure regulation across the lifespan. What advances does it highlight? In young normotensive men, aortic unloading mechanics contribute to the resting operating point of the vascular sympathetic baroreflex; however, with advancing age, this contribution is removed. This suggests that barosensory vessel unloading mechanics are not driving the well-documented age-related increase in resting muscle sympathetic nerve activity.
ABSTRACT
An age-associated increase in arterial blood pressure is evident for apparently healthy humans. This is frequently attributed to stiffening of the central arteries and a concurrent increase in sympathetic outflow, potentially mediated by a reduced ability of the baroreceptive vessels to distend. This is supported, in part, by a reduced mechanical component of the vascular sympathetic baroreflex (i.e., a reduction in distension for a given pressure). Previous characterization of the mechanical component has assessed only carotid artery distension; however, evidence suggests that both the aortic and carotid baroreflexes are integral to blood pressure regulation. In addition, given that baroreceptors are located in the vessel wall, the change in wall tension, comprising diameter, pressure and vessel wall thickness, and the mechanics of this change might provide a better index of the baroreceptor stimulus than the previous method used to characterize the mechanical component that relies on diameter alone. This brief review summarizes the data using this new method of assessing barosensory vessel mechanics and their influence on the vascular sympathetic baroreflex across the lifespan.
Topics: Male; Humans; Baroreflex; Blood Pressure; Pressoreceptors; Carotid Arteries; Sympathetic Nervous System; Homeostasis; Heart Rate
PubMed: 37031381
DOI: 10.1113/EP089686 -
European Urology Open Science Aug 2022Whether seminal vesicles play a role in sexual activity in men is unknown. No study so far has compared the neural processing of visual sexual stimuli in men depending...
BACKGROUND
Whether seminal vesicles play a role in sexual activity in men is unknown. No study so far has compared the neural processing of visual sexual stimuli in men depending on the filling state of the seminal vesicles.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate potential specific cortical activation by visual sexual stimuli with distended and empty seminal vesicles.
DESIGN SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS
A prospective case-control trial was conducted. Six male individuals underwent two visits on 2 consecutive days for hormone analyses; Derogatis Interview for Sexual Functioning (DISF) questionnaire; functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with passively viewing sexual, neutral, positive, and negative emotional pictures; and structural pelvic MRI. After the first visit, the participants had to empty seminal vesicles by masturbation. During fMRI, every participant viewed alternating blocks of sexual, neutral, positive, and negative emotional pictures.
OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Comparisons between days 1 and 2 were evaluated using paired tests.
RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS
No significant differences were observed regarding hormone analyses, DISF questionnaire score, and arousal scoring between days 1 and 2. Seminal vesicle volume was significantly lower on day 2 ( = 0.003). Significantly higher activation was observed in the right precentral gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, and right superior temporal sulcus when contrasted for sexual over neutral ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
In response to pictures with sexual emotional content, significantly higher activation was detected in brain areas involved in motor preparation (arousal) and coding of desirability of visual sexual stimuli in men with distended seminal vesicles than in the same men with emptied seminal vesicles. This suggests that the filling state of the seminal vesicles may influence sexual desire in men.
PATIENT SUMMARY
We compared brain activity of men with filled and emptied seminal vesicles by functional magnetic resonance imaging. We found that men with filled seminal vesicles had higher activation of brain areas involved in arousal and sexual desire.
PubMed: 35911083
DOI: 10.1016/j.euros.2022.05.008 -
American Family Physician Apr 2002External hemorrhoids represent distended vascular tissue in the anal canal distal to the dentate line. Persons with thrombosed external hemorrhoids usually present with... (Review)
Review
External hemorrhoids represent distended vascular tissue in the anal canal distal to the dentate line. Persons with thrombosed external hemorrhoids usually present with pain on standing, sitting or defecating. Acutely tender, thrombosed external hemorrhoids can be surgically removed if encountered within the first 72 hours after onset. Hemorrhoidectomy is performed through an elliptic incision over the site of thrombosis with removal of the entire diseased hemorrhoidal plexus in one piece. Caution must be exercised to avoid cutting into the muscle sphincter below the hemorrhoidal vessels. Infection after suture closure is rare secondary to the rich vascular network in the anal area. Stool softeners must be prescribed postoperatively to help prevent tearing at the suture line. Training and experience in general and skin surgery are necessary before the physician attempts this procedure unsupervised.
Topics: Anal Canal; Education, Medical; Hemorrhoids; Humans; Thrombosis
PubMed: 11989640
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary... Feb 2022An impaired ability to evacuate the urinary bladder is commonly seen in both men and women with aging. Usually, patients present with a range of storage, voiding, and...
An impaired ability to evacuate the urinary bladder is commonly seen in both men and women with aging. Usually, patients present with a range of storage, voiding, and post-micturition urinary symptoms. It may eventually lead to urinary retention. These symptoms may have a considerable effect on the patient's quality of life. Despite its common prevalence with advancing age, the etiopathogenesis of the underactive urinary bladder is incompletely understood. There are no widely agreed diagnostic criteria. The urodynamic study (UDS), an invasive investigation is the only accepted modality to diagnose underactive detrusor. There is a lack of effective treatments to improve bladder emptying. The goals of treatment are to improve symptoms and reduce the risk for the complications of impaired bladder emptying. We report a case of a 73 year male who came to us with a history of urinary symptoms and a distended abdomen.
PubMed: 35360796
DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1044_21