-
Revista Paulista de Pediatria : Orgao... 2020Social isolation is currently identified as the best way to prevent the infection by the new coronavirus. However, for some social groups, such as children and...
OBJECTIVE
Social isolation is currently identified as the best way to prevent the infection by the new coronavirus. However, for some social groups, such as children and adolescents, this measure carries a contradiction: the home, which should be the safest place for them, is also a frequent environment of a sad aggravation: domestic violence. This study aims to evaluate the notifications of interpersonal/self-inflicted violence available in the Information System for Notifiable Diseases in the State of Santa Catarina (southern Brazil), for the juvenile age group, before and during the new coronavirus pandemics.
METHODS
Cross-sectional, descriptive study of violence against children and adolescents (from 0 to 19 years) notified by health professionals by completing and entering the occurrence in the Information System for Notifiable Diseases of the State of Santa Catarina in 11 weeks in which the social isolation measure was instituted as mandatory, comparing with the same period before this measure.
RESULTS
During the study period, 136 municipalities in Santa Catarina made 1,851 notifications. There was a decrease of 55.3% of them in the isolation period, and the difficulties encountered in seeking protection and assistance institutions were listed.
CONCLUSIONS
The society needs to be aware of possible cases of violence in the children and adolescent population. It is important to provide accessible, effective, and safe ways for complaints and notifications, as well as a quick response to the cases, aiming at protecting victims and minimizing damages to prevent the perpetuation of the violence.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Health; Betacoronavirus; Brazil; COVID-19; Child; Child Abuse; Child Health; Child Welfare; Coronavirus Infections; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data Collection; Domestic Violence; Female; Humans; Male; Needs Assessment; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 33146295
DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2021/39/2020267 -
The British Journal of General Practice... Mar 2019Evidence of an association between exposure to domestic violence and abuse (DVA) and use of emergency contraception (EC) is lacking in the UK.
BACKGROUND
Evidence of an association between exposure to domestic violence and abuse (DVA) and use of emergency contraception (EC) is lacking in the UK.
AIM
To quantify the association between exposure to DVA and consultations for EC in general practice.
DESIGN AND SETTING
Nested case-control study in UK general practice.
METHOD
Using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, the authors identified all women all women aged 15-49 years registered with a GP between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2016. Cases with consultations for EC ( = 43 570) were each matched on age and GP against four controls with no consultations for EC ( = 174 280). The authors calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between exposure to DVA in the previous year and consultations for EC. Covariates included age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, pregnancy, children, alcohol misuse, and depression.
RESULTS
Women exposed to DVA were 2.06 times more likely to have a consultation for EC than unexposed women (95% CI = 1.64 to 2.61). Women aged 25-39 years with exposure to DVA were 2.8 times more likely to have a consultation for EC, compared with unexposed women (95% CI = 2.08 to 3.75). The authors found some evidence of an independent effect of exposure to DVA on the number of consultations for EC (OR 1.48, 95% CI = 0.99 to 2.21).
CONCLUSION
A request for EC in general practice can indicate possible exposure to DVA. Primary care consultation for EC is a relevant context for identifying and responding to DVA as recommended by the World Health Organization and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines. DVA training for providers of EC should include this new evidence.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Battered Women; Case-Control Studies; Contraception, Postcoital; Correlation of Data; Domestic Violence; Female; General Practice; Humans; Referral and Consultation; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; United Kingdom
PubMed: 30510095
DOI: 10.3399/bjgp18X700277 -
International Journal of Public Health Apr 2020To analyse the impact of being affected by domestic and/or relationship violence in early adolescence on indicators of health and well-being.
OBJECTIVES
To analyse the impact of being affected by domestic and/or relationship violence in early adolescence on indicators of health and well-being.
METHODS
Secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional survey of 13-14 year-old pupils attending schools in north-west England, with variables relating to vulnerability, violence and mental and physical health, was performed. The sample of 9626 represented 71% of the eligible population. Chi-squared tests and logistic regression were used to analyse demographic exposure to violence and outcomes.
RESULTS
Pupils affected by domestic and/or relationship violence had significantly worse outcomes and experiences than non-affected peers. Odds ratios demonstrated higher risks of being lonely, being bullied or having deliberately self-harmed. They were also more likely to report an enduring health condition, poorer health practices and worse access to and experiences of health services.
CONCLUSIONS
Exposure to violence in domestic and/or relationships is detrimental to children and young people's mental and physical health and vulnerability. Health risks and inequalities reported by CYP in this study provide compelling intelligence for renewed strategic policy-level consideration in the design and delivery of young peoples' health services.
Topics: Adolescent; Domestic Violence; England; Exposure to Violence; Female; Health Status; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Mental Health; Odds Ratio; Peer Group; Socioeconomic Factors; Students; Vulnerable Populations
PubMed: 32072204
DOI: 10.1007/s00038-020-01340-3 -
Health & Social Care in the Community Sep 2020A critical interpretive synthesis (CIS) methodology was used with the aim of informing practice with children and families when domestic and family violence (DFV) and... (Review)
Review
A critical interpretive synthesis (CIS) methodology was used with the aim of informing practice with children and families when domestic and family violence (DFV) and parental issues relating to alcohol and other drugs (AOD) and mental health (MH) are also present. A CIS is grounded in the literature, but includes questioning of the literature in order to problematise gaps, contradictions and constructions of issues. A review of the literature from 2010 to 2018 was conducted with the structured search strategy identifying 40 relevant research articles. Synthesis and critique of these articles revealed three mutually informative themes through which to understand the literature and how it can inform practice. They were as follows: differences in theoretical approaches and client focus; complexity of system's collaboration; and practices converging on mothers. Taken together, these themes facilitated the development of the synthesising construct: strengthening intersection between DFV, AOD and MH sectors. Attention to practice at multiple levels that responds to the dynamics of gender and the differing impacts of violence was often lacking, particularly in the context of heightened child protection concerns where collaboration between sectors is needed. Both promising and problematic practices relating to gender dynamics and accountability converged on mothers. While there were exceptions, generally, there was an absence of engagement with, and recognition of, the impacts of fathers' patterns of using violence and control on adult and child survivors. Promising practice related to the strengthening of the mother-child relationship and attention to MH and its intersection with domestic violence. Strengthening the intersections between DFV, AOD and MH practices with attention to keeping the perpetrator of violence in view is critical to overcoming the poor practice that can occur when sectors are siloed from each other.
Topics: Adult; Child; Child of Impaired Parents; Domestic Violence; Family Characteristics; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Health; Parent-Child Relations; Parents; Risk Assessment; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 32202363
DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12978 -
Global Journal of Health Science Nov 2015Domestic violence is a continual stressor that motivates its victim to react. The way a woman deals with her husband's violence determine the consequence of the violent...
INTRODUCTION
Domestic violence is a continual stressor that motivates its victim to react. The way a woman deals with her husband's violence determine the consequence of the violent relationship. In the present study, a qualitative approach was employed to investigate women's reactions to and ways of coping with domestic violence.
METHOD
Semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2014 with 18 women who experienced domestic violence in an attempt to explain how women deal with domestic violence. After the interviews were transcribed word by word, they were explored in the form of meaningful units and encoded as subcategories and categories through inductive content analysis. The reliability and validity of the interviews were measured by an external supervisor.
RESULTS
Two categories of reaction and coping were identified through content analysis: passive and non-normative measures and active measures. Passive and non-normative measures included the subcategories of harmful behaviors, retaliation, tolerance, and silence. Active measures included seeking help and advice, legal measures, leaving the spouse, positive and health promoting measures.
CONCLUSION
In the present study, ways of coping with a husband's violence among women experiencing domestic violence were divided into two categories: passive and non-normative measures and active measures. These categories confirmed the models of coping with stress in previous studies. Adopting an appropriate approach to dealing with domestic violence is affected by a woman's capacity and beliefs, the dominant culture, intensity of the violence, available social and legal supports, and effectiveness of evaluation measures. To generalize service provision to victimized women, the type of coping and the reason for adopting the chosen approach need to be taken into account.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Battered Women; Domestic Violence; Female; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Iran; Middle Aged; Qualitative Research
PubMed: 26925908
DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v8n7p100 -
Brain and Behavior Sep 2022Domestic violence against women is a hidden and global epidemic that has many negative effects. The COVID-19 pandemic, quarantine, and staying at home can lead to...
BACKGROUND
Domestic violence against women is a hidden and global epidemic that has many negative effects. The COVID-19 pandemic, quarantine, and staying at home can lead to violent and domestic violence against women. Due to the importance of the subject, the present study was conducted to investigate the coping strategies and resilience of women victims of domestic violence in the COVID-19 epidemic in Tehran, 2020.
METHODS
The present study is a descriptive-analytical study on 420 women who suffered domestic violence in Tehran, 2020. Data collection tools included a demographic information form, socioeconomic status questionnaire, WHO standardized domestic violence questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Endler and Parker's coping strategies questionnaire. This study was based on the Internet and online. The research poster, the characteristics of the participants, the voluntary participation in the study, the confidentiality of the information, and the link to the online questionnaire were made public through Internet networks.
RESULTS
There was no correlation between resilience with general violence (p =.221), types of physical violence (p =.502), psychological violence (p =.178), and sexual violence (p =.386). The results also showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the women who were using or not using a problem-oriented style with physical violence, using or not using an emotion-oriented style with physical, psychological, sexual violence, and using or not using an avoidance style with physical violence among the samples (p < .05).
CONCLUSION
The use of coping strategies leads to a reduction in domestic violence against women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, designing and implementing training programs to improve coping styles in women can be effective in dealing with such stressful situations and help prevent injuries caused by violence.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; COVID-19; Domestic Violence; Female; Humans; Iran; Pandemics; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35918835
DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2730 -
International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2022This study is the first evaluation of the impacts on long-term health issues (and associations with ethnicity and poverty) of a domestic violence intervention,...
This study is the first evaluation of the impacts on long-term health issues (and associations with ethnicity and poverty) of a domestic violence intervention, Identification and Referral to Improve Safety (IRIS). IRIS is a domestic violence training, support and referral programme based mainly in primary care settings. This was a convergent, parallel, mixed methods UK study. In the quantitative phase, we matched the health records of 294 patients who had a marker for domestic violence with records from a domestic violence support service to track the health conditions of participants before and after referral to IRIS. In the qualitative phase, we conducted semi-structured telephone interviews with 21 women who had received IRIS support and thematically analysed the data. Descriptive statistics indicated that, at the point of referral to IRIS, participants had a variety of health conditions, with a reduction on a number of mental and overall physical health conditions post-IRIS. Qualitative data are reported under five prominent themes: life before, driving forces for help-seeking, experiences of support, perceived impacts and recovery as a journey. Overall, we found that IRIS support was associated with a positive impact on participants. The study highlights the benefits of improved identification and referral of domestic violence survivors.
Topics: Humans; Female; Primary Health Care; Domestic Violence; Referral and Consultation; United Kingdom
PubMed: 36498255
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316181 -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Nov 2016Domestic violence during pregnancy is a public health problem which violates human rights and causes an adverse effect on both maternal and fetal health. The objectives...
BACKGROUND
Domestic violence during pregnancy is a public health problem which violates human rights and causes an adverse effect on both maternal and fetal health. The objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence of domestic violence among the pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic, to explore the associated factors, and to identify the perpetrators of domestic violence.
METHODS
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 404 pregnant women in their third trimester of pregnancy. Convenient sampling was used to select the study population. Data collection tools consisted of questionnaires on socio-demographic characteristics of the woman and her spouse, social support, and the woman's attitude towards domestic violence, along with her experiences of psychological, physical, and sexual violence. Domestic violence was assessed using a questionnaire adapted from a World Health Organization multi-country study on women's health and life experiences. Relationships between domestic violence and the various factors were determined by bivariate analysis using a chi-square test. Binary logistic regression with 95% confidence interval and adjusted odds ratio were then applied to assess the factors independently associated with domestic violence.
RESULTS
More than one-quarter (27.2%) of the pregnant women had experienced some form of violence. The most common form of violence was sexual violence (17.3%), followed by psychological violence (16.6%) and physical violence (3.2%). Husbands within the age group 25-34 years (AOR = 0.38), women married for 2-5 years (AOR = 0.42) and who had one or two children (AOR = 0.32) were negatively associated with domestic violence. Whereas the presence of husband's controlling behavior (AOR = 1.88) and experience of violence before the current pregnancy (AOR = 24.55) increased the odds of experiencing violence during pregnancy. The husband was the major perpetrator in all type of violence.
CONCLUSIONS
Domestic violence is common among pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic. It indicates a need for routine screening during antenatal visits to identify women experiencing violence and thus provide support services, thereby preventing them from adverse health consequences.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Domestic Violence; Female; Humans; Male; Marital Status; Nepal; Odds Ratio; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Pregnant Women; Prenatal Care; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Sex Offenses; Social Support; Spouse Abuse; Spouses; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 27871256
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-016-1166-7 -
Journal of Interpersonal Violence Jan 2023Research indicates substantial overlap between child abuse and neglect (CAN), exposure to domestic violence and sibling abuse, with multiple victimisation experiences...
Research indicates substantial overlap between child abuse and neglect (CAN), exposure to domestic violence and sibling abuse, with multiple victimisation experiences conferring greater risk for adverse mental health outcomes than does exposure to a single subtype. The application of latent class analysis (LCA) to child maltreatment has gained momentum, but it remains the case that few studies have incorporated a comprehensive range of subtypes, meaning that real-life patterns in victimisation experiences cannot be accurately modelled. Based on self-report data from an ethnically diverse sample ( = 2813) of 10-17 year olds in the United Kingdom, the current study used LCA to model constellations among nine types of maltreatment in the home (physical, emotional and sexual abuse; physical and emotional neglect; exposure to physical and verbal domestic violence, or a drug-related threat; and sibling violence). A four-class solution comprising of a low victimisation class (59.3% of participants), an emotional abuse and neglect class (19.0%), a high verbal domestic violence class (10.5%) and a maltreatment and domestic violence class (11.2%) provided the best fit for the data. Associations with sociodemographic variables were examined, revealing differences in the composition of the classes. Compared to the low victimisation class, participants in the verbal domestic violence class, emotional abuse and neglect class and especially the maltreatment and domestic violence class, reported higher symptoms of anxiety and depression and an increased likelihood of non-suicidal self-injury, suicide ideation and suicide attempt. The findings carry important implications for understanding patterns of child maltreatment, and the implications for preventative strategies and support services are discussed.
Topics: Child; Humans; Mental Health; Siblings; Child Abuse; Domestic Violence; Crime Victims; Exposure to Violence
PubMed: 35445607
DOI: 10.1177/08862605221090562 -
Journal of Medical Internet Research Mar 2019The police attend numerous domestic violence events each year, recording details of these events as both structured (coded) data and unstructured free-text narratives....
BACKGROUND
The police attend numerous domestic violence events each year, recording details of these events as both structured (coded) data and unstructured free-text narratives. Abuse types (including physical, psychological, emotional, and financial) conducted by persons of interest (POIs) along with any injuries sustained by victims are typically recorded in long descriptive narratives.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to determine if an automated text mining method could identify abuse types and any injuries sustained by domestic violence victims in narratives contained in a large police dataset from the New South Wales Police Force.
METHODS
We used a training set of 200 recorded domestic violence events to design a knowledge-driven approach based on syntactical patterns in the text and then applied this approach to a large set of police reports.
RESULTS
Testing our approach on an evaluation set of 100 domestic violence events provided precision values of 90.2% and 85.0% for abuse type and victim injuries, respectively. In a set of 492,393 domestic violence reports, we found 71.32% (351,178) of events with mentions of the abuse type(s) and more than one-third (177,117 events; 35.97%) contained victim injuries. "Emotional/verbal abuse" (33.46%; 117,488) was the most common abuse type, followed by "punching" (86,322 events; 24.58%) and "property damage" (22.27%; 78,203 events). "Bruising" was the most common form of injury sustained (51,455 events; 29.03%), with "cut/abrasion" (28.93%; 51,284 events) and "red marks/signs" (23.71%; 42,038 events) ranking second and third, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that text mining can automatically extract information from police-recorded domestic violence events that can support further public health research into domestic violence, such as examining the relationship of abuse types with victim injuries and of gender and abuse types with risk escalation for victims of domestic violence. Potential also exists for this extracted information to be linked to information on the mental health status.
Topics: Adult; Data Mining; Domestic Violence; Female; Humans; Male; Police
PubMed: 30860490
DOI: 10.2196/13067