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Revista Gaucha de Enfermagem Jun 2016To analyse the actions reported by primary care nurses in the fight against domestic violence against children and adolescents.
OBJECTIVE
To analyse the actions reported by primary care nurses in the fight against domestic violence against children and adolescents.
METHODS
Qualitative research conducted at five family health centres in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Data were collected in the second half of 2013 through semi-structured.
RESULTS
Two thematic cores emerged: "Public policies identified by the nurses" and "Nurses' actions regarding violence permeated by fear and conflicts". The nurses were familiar with public policies, but they were unable to put them into practice; they were unprepared to identify and cope with the violence; they did not participate in training courses; they were afraid to report the detected cases of violence.
CONCLUSION
The main limitations to the practical work of nurses are work burden, lack of security, and the dynamics of work that is not articulated with the protection network, which causes the underreporting of cases of domestic violence.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Adult; Attitude of Health Personnel; Brazil; Child; Child Abuse; Domestic Violence; Education, Nursing, Continuing; Fear; Female; Guideline Adherence; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Mandatory Reporting; Middle Aged; Nurse's Role; Nurses; Primary Care Nursing; Public Policy; Social Responsibility; Workload
PubMed: 27410671
DOI: 10.1590/1983-1447.2016.02.55796 -
BMC Public Health Feb 2020Domestic violence (DV) is considered a public health issue in Saudi Arabia as well as a violation of a fundamental human right. DV causes many acute and chronic physical...
BACKGROUND
Domestic violence (DV) is considered a public health issue in Saudi Arabia as well as a violation of a fundamental human right. DV causes many acute and chronic physical and mental health consequences. Cultural taboos and lack of awareness regarding the appropriate support services can increase the number of cases annually. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of DV in women attending the National Guard Primary Health Care Clinics in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted with patients attending five Primary Health Care Centers in Jeddah from August 2017 to February 2018. A convenient sampling method was used. In total, 1845 participants were invited to complete a self-report validated Arabic version of the Norvold Domestic Abuse Questionnaire (NORAQ) to determine the prevalence and risk factors of DV. All women between 18 and 65 years who met the inclusion criteria were included. The data were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package Social Sciences) version 24.0.
RESULTS
The lifetime prevalence of DV in the study sample was 33.24%, with psychological abuse the most prevalent (48.47%), followed by physical abuse (34.77%) and sexual abuse (16.75%). A small proportion (4.1%) suffered from all three types of abuse. Risk factors for being a victim of abuse include being single or divorced, having a postgraduate level of education, employed, and being financially independent of the husband.
CONCLUSION
DV is prevalent in Saudi Arabia. Modernization has shifted the risk factors, identifying the risk factors and victim characteristics would support the development and implementation of preventive and screening programs to facilitate the early identification of cases as well as the initiation of empowerment programs for Saudi women.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Domestic Violence; Female; Humans; Male; Marital Status; Mental Health; Prevalence; Primary Health Care; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Saudi Arabia; Self Report; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 32066422
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8156-4 -
Health & Social Care in the Community Nov 2017We describe the development of an evidence-based training intervention on domestic violence and child safeguarding for general practice teams. We aimed - in the context...
We describe the development of an evidence-based training intervention on domestic violence and child safeguarding for general practice teams. We aimed - in the context of a pilot study - to improve knowledge, skills, attitudes and self-efficacy of general practice clinicians caring for families affected by domestic violence. Our evidence sources included: a systematic review of training interventions aiming to improve professional responses to children affected by domestic violence; content mapping of relevant current training in England; qualitative assessment of general practice professionals' responses to domestic violence in families; and a two-stage consensus process with a multi-professional stakeholder group. Data were collected between January and December 2013. This paper reports key research findings and their implications for practice and policy; describes how the research findings informed the training development and outlines the principal features of the training intervention. We found lack of cohesion and co-ordination in the approach to domestic violence and child safeguarding. General practice clinicians have insufficient understanding of multi-agency work, a limited competence in gauging thresholds for child protection referral to children's services and little understanding of outcomes for children. While prioritising children's safety, they are more inclined to engage directly with abusive parents than with affected children. Our research reveals uncertainty and confusion surrounding the recording of domestic violence cases in families' medical records. These findings informed the design of the RESPONDS training, which was developed in 2014 to encourage general practice clinicians to overcome barriers and engage more extensively with adults experiencing abuse, as well as responding directly to the needs of children. We conclude that general practice clinicians need more support in managing the complexity of this area of practice. We need to integrate and further evaluate responses to the needs of children exposed to domestic violence into general practice-based domestic violence training.
Topics: Adult; Child; Child Abuse; Crime Victims; Domestic Violence; England; Female; General Practice; General Practitioners; Humans; Physician's Role; Pilot Projects; Referral and Consultation; Self Efficacy
PubMed: 27739158
DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12401 -
Child Abuse & Neglect Nov 2023Negative life events in early life have a cumulative effect on health trajectory changes in middle and old age, and some scholars have used life course theory as a guide...
BACKGROUND
Negative life events in early life have a cumulative effect on health trajectory changes in middle and old age, and some scholars have used life course theory as a guide to empirically explore the effect of childhood adversity or adverse experiences on depression in the elderly, but few study focuses on violence within the family.
OBJECTIVE
To explore the influence mechanism of domestic violence experience on depression in later life in middle-aged and elderly people, and to provide academic support for the whole society to pay attention to good family function and intergenerational interaction, and to propose whole-life health promotion strategies.
PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING
This paper selects the 2014 life course survey data and 2018 cross-sectional data of the China Health and Elderly Care Longitudinal Survey for analysis, and the research objects are middle-aged and elderly people aged 45 and above.
METHODS
Based on a retrospective survey of 3008 middle-aged and elderly people, this study analyzed the influence path of domestic violence on depression level in childhood by using multiple mediation models, and used the Bootstrap method to test the significance of indirect effects.
RESULTS
Based on controlling for gender, age, age square, household registration, marital status, community environment and education level, childhood domestic violence had a direct positive effect on depression level in the elderly (P < 0.001), and childhood domestic violence also had an indirect effect on the depression level of the elderly through childhood health status, income logarithm and IADL (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
As a life experience in early life, childhood domestic violence has a cumulative effect on depression in middle-aged and elderly people, is an important risk factor for depression, and has an important impact on mental health in later life.
Topics: Middle Aged; Humans; Aged; Life Change Events; Depression; Retrospective Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Domestic Violence
PubMed: 37633219
DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106403 -
International Journal of Epidemiology Jun 2010To investigate the relationship between domestic violence and perinatal, neonatal and infant mortality in rural India using prospective data.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the relationship between domestic violence and perinatal, neonatal and infant mortality in rural India using prospective data.
METHODS
The study is based upon a prospective follow-up study of a cohort selected from the 1998-99 National Family and Health Survey-2 (NSFS-2), which was carried out in 2002-03 in four Indian states. Data for a total of 3909 birth outcomes that took place during this 4-year period were analysed using bivariate analysis and hazards regression analysis to control for truncated observations and possible other confounding factors. Findings After controlling for other potentially confounding factors, births to mothers who experienced two or more episodes of recent domestic violence experienced higher perinatal [hazards ratio (HR) = 1.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.12, 2.79] and neonatal (HR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.11, 2.53) mortality, relative to births to women whose mothers reported no violence. Overall, these births to women who experienced violence had 68% higher risk of infant mortality compared with the 'no violence' group. Births to women who experienced a single episode of violence were not at higher risk of mortality.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study provides additional and more conclusive evidence on the importance of domestic violence for early childhood mortality in low-resource settings such as rural India. The results argue for a greater focus upon such violence within current child survival programmes.
Topics: Child; Child Mortality; Child Welfare; Domestic Violence; Family Health; Health Surveys; Humans; India; Odds Ratio; Prospective Studies; Regression Analysis; Rural Population
PubMed: 20444839
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyq066 -
Systematic Reviews Dec 2017One third of women will have an abortion in their lifetime (Kerr, QUT Law Rev 14:15, 2014; Aston and Bewley, Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 11:163-8, 2009). These women...
BACKGROUND
One third of women will have an abortion in their lifetime (Kerr, QUT Law Rev 14:15, 2014; Aston and Bewley, Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 11:163-8, 2009). These women are more likely to have experienced domestic violence or sexual assault than women who continue with their pregnancies. Frontline health personnel involved in the care of women seeking abortions are uniquely positioned to support patients who choose to disclose their violence. Yet, the disclosure of domestic violence or sexual assault within the context of abortion is not well understood. To enhance service provision, it is important to understand the disclosure experience, that is, how frontline health personnel manage such disclosures and how victims/survivors perceive this experience. This review aims to provide a systematic synthesis of qualitative literature to increase understanding of the phenomena and identify research gaps.
METHODS
A meta-ethnography of qualitative evidence following PRISMA-P recommendations for reporting systematic reviews will be performed to better understand the experiences of domestic violence and sexual assault disclosure from the perspective of frontline health personnel providing support and women seeking an abortion. A three-stage search strategy including database searching, citation searching and Traditional Pearl Growing will be applied starting with the terms "domestic violence", "sexual assault", "disclosure" and "abortion", their common synonyms and MeSH terms. The database search will include CINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO. Published studies from 1970, written in English and from all countries will be included. Two reviewers will screen titles and abstracts and if suitable will then perform a full-text review. To attribute weight to each study, two reviewers will perform the critical appraisal using a modified version of the "Guidelines for Extracting Data and Quality Assessing Primary Studies in Educational Research". Data extraction and coding will occur using EPPI-Reviewer 4 and will be carried out by two reviewers.
DISCUSSION
The reviewers will illuminate what transpires at the interface when women seeking an abortion in the context of domestic violence and sexual assault meet frontline health personnel. Increased knowledge in this area will improve the frontline health personnel's practices and responsiveness to women who seek out healthcare in the context of violence.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO CRD42016051136.
Topics: Abortion, Induced; Anthropology, Cultural; Disclosure; Domestic Violence; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Qualitative Research; Sex Offenses
PubMed: 29246254
DOI: 10.1186/s13643-017-0637-x -
BMC Public Health Feb 2022The co-occurrence of domestic violence with alcohol and other drugs significantly increases the severity of abuse and violence experienced by family members....
BACKGROUND
The co-occurrence of domestic violence with alcohol and other drugs significantly increases the severity of abuse and violence experienced by family members. Longitudinal studies indicate that substance use is one of few predictors of men's continued use of, or desistance from, violence. Recent developments in men's behaviour change programs have focused on men's attitudes and behaviour towards their children, and the exploration of interventions that address the needs of all family members. However, the research evidence is limited on the most effective elements of men's behaviour change programs in promoting the safety and wellbeing of child and women victim survivors. This study aims to build on the existing evidence by trialling the KODY program which addresses harmful substance use by men who also perpetrate domestic violence; the safety and wellbeing of women and children; the needs of children in their own right, as well as in relationship with their mothers; and the development of an 'all-of-family' service response. The evaluation of these innovations, and the ramifications for policy development to support less fragmented service system responses, provide the rationale for the study.
METHODS/DESIGN
A quasi-experimental design will be used to assess the primary outcomes of improving the safety and wellbeing of mothers and children whose (ex)partners and fathers respectively participate in KODY (the trial program), when compared with 'Caring Dads standard' (the comparison group). Psychometric tests will be administered to fathers and mothers at baseline, post-program and at 3-month follow up. Data collection will occur over three years.
DISCUSSION
By building the evidence base about responses to co-occurring domestic violence and substance use, this study aims to develop knowledge about improving safety outcomes for women and children, and to better understand appropriate support for children in families living at the intersection of domestic violence and substance use. It is anticipated that study findings will point to the ramifications for policy development to support less fragmented service system responses.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
An application for registration with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ( https://www.anzctr.org.au/ ) was lodged on 20 December 2021 (Request number: 383206)-prospectively registered.
Topics: Australia; Child; Domestic Violence; Female; Humans; Male; Men; Research Design; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 35151298
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12529-x -
Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira... 2012To study children and adolescents victims of domestic violence treated at the Referenced Pediatric Emergency Unit of the Hospital de Clínicas of the Universidade...
OBJECTIVE
To study children and adolescents victims of domestic violence treated at the Referenced Pediatric Emergency Unit of the Hospital de Clínicas of the Universidade Estadual de Campinas and its specialized outpatient clinic between January 2003 and December 2007, emphasizing sexual abuse.
METHODS
The variables gender, age, origin, and classification were studied. For victims of sexual abuse, the following variables were also studied: type of abuse (rape), location (domestic/urban), duration (acute/chronic), perpetrator (known, incestuous), alterations at medical examination, notification to child protection agencies, and antiretroviral medication and serology (HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and C). Patients were divided into two groups according to the type of abuse and type of perpertrator and they were associated with gender, age, and duration. For the comparison, chi-squared or Fisher's exact test were performed (significance p < 0.05), as well as raw prevalence odds ratio.
RESULTS
Of the total cases of abuse (551), neglect (33.9%) and sexual abuse (31.9%) predominated; the victims were female in 55.9% of the cases, and 50% were up to 5 years of age. Of the sexual abuse cases (95), 80% were female, and 58.9% were between 5 and 10 years of age. Rape was observed in 39% and indecent assault in 59.6%; 72.6% occurred in the domestic area, 81.1% by known perpetrator; 31.6% were incestuous, 47.4% were chronic, and 76.5% had no clinical alterations. 81.1% were referred to child protection agencies. Antiretroviral medication was prescribed to 49.1% of patients, and serological tests (HIV in 46 [48.4%], syphilis in 42 [44.2%], hepatitis B in 44 [46.3%] and hepatitis C in 45 [47.4%]%), all of which were negative, were more frequent in rape victims (p = 0.00). There was an association between rape and age (10 and 15 years, p = 0.01) and between incestuous perpetrator and chronic duration (p = 0.01).
CONCLUSION
Although this study does not reflect reality, it can be used as a warning to pediatricians.
Topics: AIDS Serodiagnosis; Adolescent; Age Factors; Ambulatory Care; Brazil; Child; Child Abuse, Sexual; Child, Preschool; Domestic Violence; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Incest; Infant; Male; Medical Records; Prevalence; Rape; Sex Factors
PubMed: 22930026
DOI: No ID Found -
BMC Women's Health Sep 2015Domestic violence and harmful alcohol consumption are considered major public health problems worldwide. These phenomena often co-occur, and they share several risk...
BACKGROUND
Domestic violence and harmful alcohol consumption are considered major public health problems worldwide. These phenomena often co-occur, and they share several risk factors. Nevertheless, few in-depth studies have supported integrated interventions for both phenomena, in particular among Latin American women. This project will study the consumption of alcoholic beverages among women and its relationship with patterns of domestic violence; furthermore, it will assess the effect of a brief intervention (BI) aimed at modifying these behaviors using a community household sample.
METHODS/DESIGN
This project is divided into two studies. Study 1 will employ a cross-sectional observational design and will be conducted using a household sample of adult women (approximate sample size = 1600) to assess harmful alcohol consumption and domestic violence patterns. Study 2, will be a randomized clinical trial based on specific cases from Study 1, assessing the effect of a brief intervention on women who exhibit harmful levels of alcohol consumption (AUDIT ≥ 8). Approximately 73 women will be assigned to one of two groups, either a treated group (TG) or a control group (CG). A sociodemographic questionnaire, a questionnaire concerning general health and substance use, and four other standardized instruments (i.e., the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test [AUDIT; used to investigate problems related to alcohol consumption], the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES-D; used to measure depressive symptoms], and the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales and Parent-child Conflict Tactics Scales [CTS2 and CTSPC; used to obtain information on violence among couples and between parents and children, respectively]) will be used to collect data.
DISCUSSION
The study protocol will employ a household survey of a representative sample from a neighborhood in a middle income country, where well-conducted household surveys remain rare. The present work represents a step toward a better understanding of violence in women's lives and its interaction with alcohol consumption and expands the discussion on the potential strategies for public health actions seeking to prevent both domestic violence and harmful alcohol consumption.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry: RBR-7rjt4t. Registered 17 October 2013.
Topics: Adult; Brazil; Cross-Sectional Studies; Domestic Violence; Drinking Behavior; Female; Health Behavior; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Motivational Interviewing; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 26403827
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-015-0236-8 -
BMJ Open Aug 2023Despite the emphasis on empowerment in interventions supporting women against domestic violence and ending spousal abuse, there is still no standard and accurate...
INTRODUCTION
Despite the emphasis on empowerment in interventions supporting women against domestic violence and ending spousal abuse, there is still no standard and accurate instrument to evaluate women's empowerment in this field. This study proposes a protocol to fill this gap by developing and psychometrically testing a standardised instrument for assessing women's empowerment in dealing with domestic violence (WEDDV).
METHODS AND ANALYSIS
This study will be conducted in Iran in a mixed method with a sequential exploratory design (qualitative-quantitative). In the first phase, qualitative methods will be used to generate items, rank and identify essential items for WEDDV conceptualisation. The data collection method in this phase includes semistructured face-to-face interviews with married women, a review of related literature, and a fuzzy Delphi method with participants with work experience and expertise about violence against women. Qualitative data analysis will be done using a content analysis strategy and MAXQDA 2020 software. In the second phase of the study, the psychometric properties of the instrument, including face, content and construct validity, and the instrument's reliability will be evaluated. Also, the psychometric features of the COSMIN checklist will be used in the design of this instrument.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
This study protocol has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences with code (IR.SBMU.PHNS.REC.1400.011). The findings will be published in prestigious journals and presented at national and international conferences. We hope that these results can provide a practical framework for planning and organising domestic violence interventions for policy-makers, researchers and women's health and counselling service providers.
Topics: Female; Humans; Iran; Reproducibility of Results; Domestic Violence; Spouse Abuse; Research Design; Review Literature as Topic
PubMed: 37597860
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073826