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Academic Pediatrics Aug 2020Victims of family violence are sorted into fragmented systems that fail to address the family as an integrated unit. Each system provides specialized care to each type... (Review)
Review
Victims of family violence are sorted into fragmented systems that fail to address the family as an integrated unit. Each system provides specialized care to each type of victim (child, older adult, adult, animal) and centers on the expertise of the medical and service providers involved. Similarly, researchers commonly study abuse from the frame of the victim, rather than looking at a broader frame-the family. We propose the following 5 steps to create a research paradigm to holistically address the response, recognition, and prevention of family violence.By developing an integrated research model to address family violence, and by using that model to support integrated systems of care, we propose a fundamental paradigm shift to improve the lives of families living with and suffering from violence.
Topics: Adult; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Child; Dogs; Domestic Violence; Ethics, Research; Family; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Research; Research Design
PubMed: 31991169
DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2020.01.010 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jun 2020Witnessing domestic violence (WDV) is recognized by the Istanbul Convention as psychological abuse that has dramatic consequences on the psychophysical health of...
Witnessing domestic violence (WDV) is recognized by the Istanbul Convention as psychological abuse that has dramatic consequences on the psychophysical health of children. Therefore, professionals who form the support network for WDV victims play a very fundamental role. In order to draw up useful guidelines for services dealing with WDV, and to give children more awareness of supportive settings, this study analyzes WDV in the perception of health and welfare professionals to enhance their skills and strategies for contrasting gender violence. Sixteen Neapolitan specialists dealing with WDV children were interviewed. A theoretical intentional sampling was used. Narrative focused interviews were carried out, transcribed verbatim and analyzed through the grounded theory methodology, using the ATLAS.ti 8 software (Scientific Software Development GmbH, Berlin, Germany). We assigned 319 codes and grouped these into 10 categories and 4 macro-categories. The analysis of the texts led to the definition of the core category as "The Crystal Fortress". It summarizes the image of the WDV children as described by the professionals working in contrasting domestic violence. In this structure the parental roles of protection and care (fortress) are suspended and everything is extremely rigid, fragile and always at risk of a catastrophe. It also symbolizes the difficult role of health professionals in dealing with such children and their families. For WDV children, protective factors guarantee solid development and supportive settings help them to learn proper emotional responsiveness and expressiveness and to develop their skills in talking with adults while avoiding negative consequences.
Topics: Berlin; Child; Child Abuse; Domestic Violence; Female; Gender-Based Violence; Germany; Humans; Male
PubMed: 32575898
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124463 -
Annals of Surgery Aug 2020
Topics: Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Domestic Violence; Female; Firearms; Humans; Male; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Prevalence; SARS-CoV-2; United States; Wounds, Gunshot
PubMed: 32675496
DOI: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000004088 -
Child Abuse & Neglect Dec 2023Violence against children can have extensive, long-term, and far-reaching adverse impacts on survivors and society. There is currently little consensus in the United... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Violence against children can have extensive, long-term, and far-reaching adverse impacts on survivors and society. There is currently little consensus in the United Kingdom around the prevalence of violence against children: maltreatment, intimate partner violence, sexual violence, bullying, and community violence, and most existing studies focus on only a single or a few forms of violence. This study aims to produce data to highlight the current magnitude of the problem in the UK, to inform policy, drive action and allow for monitoring of progress over time.
OBJECTIVE
To produce weighted prevalence estimates by violence type, as well as gender and age sub-categories, to give as full a picture as possible of the current prevalence of violence against children in the UK.
PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING
The prevalence of violence against children from 23 self-report studies conducted in the United Kingdom was gathered through a systematic review.
METHODS
Databases were searched from inception to 24th June 2022. Studies were reviewed systematically for appropriate data and meta-analyses were conducted to give pooled prevalence data based on a quality effects model.
RESULTS
The most prevalent self-reported experience of childhood violence was community violence at 27.33 % (95 % CI [9.84, 48.97]). Prevalence of bullying was also high at 22.75 % (95 % CI [13.25, 33.86]). The most prevalent forms of child maltreatment were domestic violence exposure at 11.9 % (95 % CI [6.34, 18.84]) and emotional maltreatment at 11.84 % (95 % CI [5.58, 19.89]).
CONCLUSION
National child maltreatment surveys are needed in the UK, using a comprehensive and conceptually robust approach, and valid and reliable instruments, to provide data for researchers and policymakers on the prevalence of all types of violence against children including exposure to multiple types. This allows monitoring of trends over time, can inform strategies for prevention, and can enable monitoring of future progress in reducing violence against children and its associated health and economic burden.
Topics: Humans; Child; Prevalence; Domestic Violence; Child Abuse; Intimate Partner Violence; United Kingdom
PubMed: 37944361
DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106518 -
BMC Public Health Mar 2019An estimated 30% of women worldwide experience intimate partner violence (IPV) during their lifetime. Exposure to IPV is associated with poor health outcomes and the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
An estimated 30% of women worldwide experience intimate partner violence (IPV) during their lifetime. Exposure to IPV is associated with poor health outcomes and the prevalence of violence may be higher amongst women seeking healthcare. Existing evidence from the Arab region is limited. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and health outcomes of domestic violence (IPV or violence from a family member) in clinical populations in Arab countries.
METHODS
Using terms related to domestic violence, Arab countries, and date limit > year 2000, we searched seven databases: Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science: core collection, IBSS, Westlaw, IMEMR. We included observational studies reporting estimates of prevalence or health outcomes of domestic violence amongst women aged > 15 years, recruited while accessing healthcare in Arab countries. Studies that collected data on/after 1st January 2000 and were published in English, Arabic or French were included. Title/abstract screening, full text screening, quality assessment and data extraction were carried out. Extracted data were summarised and meta-analysis was performed where appropriate.
RESULTS
6341 papers were screened and 41 papers (29 studies) met inclusion criteria. Total 19,101 participants from 10 countries were represented in the data. Meta-analysis produced pooled prevalence estimates of lifetime exposure to any type of IPV of 73·3% (95% CI 64·1-81·6), physical IPV 35·6% (95% CI 24·4-47·5), sexual IPV 22% (95% CI 13·3-32) and emotional/psychological IPV 49·8% (95% CI 37·3-62·3). Domestic violence (IPV or family violence) exposure was associated with increased odds of adverse health outcomes: depression OR 3·3 (95% CI 1·7-6·4), sleep problems OR 3·2 (95% CI 1·5-6·8), abortion OR 3·5 (95% CI 1·2-10·2), pain OR 2·6 (95% CI 1·6-4·1) and hypertension OR 1·6 (95% CI 1·2-2·0).
CONCLUSIONS
Domestic violence is common amongst women seeking healthcare in Arab countries. Exposure to domestic violence is associated with several poor health outcomes. Further research into domestic violence in the Arab world is required.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Systematic review protocol was registered on PROSPERO: CRD42017071415 .
Topics: Arab World; Domestic Violence; Female; Health Status; Humans; Observational Studies as Topic; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Prevalence
PubMed: 30885168
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6619-2 -
Journal of Osteopathic Medicine Dec 1998Domestic violence is a serious, complex, public health problem, which is more common than many physicians realize. Although certain characteristics may be associated...
Domestic violence is a serious, complex, public health problem, which is more common than many physicians realize. Although certain characteristics may be associated with the victim and perpetrator, they have limited value in identification or prediction of partner violence. Any woman may be a victim and any man, a perpetrator; therefore, universal screening for partner abuse is encouraged. The medical and psychological consequences of domestic violence are often of tragic proportion, for both the woman and her children. Unfortunately, unless asked directly and in a supportive fashion, many women will remain silent and continue to be victimized.
Topics: Male; Child; Humans; Female; Physicians, Primary Care; Domestic Violence; Spouse Abuse
PubMed: 37043746
DOI: 10.1515/jom-1998-0125 -
Community Dental Health Feb 2023Domestic violence and abuse (DVA) is a significant public health problem both globally and in the UK. Dental professionals are aptly place to detect the signs of DVA and...
Domestic violence and abuse (DVA) is a significant public health problem both globally and in the UK. Dental professionals are aptly place to detect the signs of DVA and support patients to disclose DVA. However, dental professionals may lack confidence to identify and refer patients experiencing DVA; training needs in these areas were identified in Staffordshire. Glow DVA charity and the local Dental Public Health teams worked collaboratively to develop DVA training and resources specific to the needs to the dental team; these were provided to participating dental practices in the North-Staffordshire region. Feedback from the training was positive and the training was refined to better meet the needs of the dental team.mKey challenges included obtaining dental team buy in, securing funding for the continuation of the initiative and minimising the disruption to the dental team when attending training sessions or when managing a DVA disclosure. The implementation of the training highlighted the importance of DVA champions within the third sector organisations to develop and evolve the project, within dental practices to support implementation, and within the local Dental Public Health team to facilitate dental team buy-in and sustained engagement. Future plans include developing the patient-facing resources, finding ways to formally accredit dental teams for taking part in the DVA programme, and evaluating the impact of the training programme on DVA screening, identification and referral.
Topics: Humans; Domestic Violence; Public Health; Referral and Consultation; Dental Health Services; Dentists
PubMed: 36696477
DOI: 10.1922/CDH_00153Doughty06 -
African Health Sciences Dec 2018Domestic violence (DV) is a global public problem that touches all levels of society and socio-economic status. Identifying women's attitudes towards domestic violence... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Domestic violence (DV) is a global public problem that touches all levels of society and socio-economic status. Identifying women's attitudes towards domestic violence is an important first step in the prevention and control of its consequence. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed: (i) to synthesize women's reasons for justifying domestic violence and (ii) to determine the pooled prevalence of women's attitude towards domestic violence in Ethiopia.
METHODS
Pub-Med and google scholar data bases searched for quantitative cross-sectional studies. The study quality was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment tool. Heterogeneity test and evidence of publication bias were assessed. Pooled prevalence of women's attitude was calculated with 95%CI using random effects model.
RESULTS
A total of 15 articles were included in the study. The pooled prevalence of women's attitude towards justifying domestic violence was found to be 57% (95% CI; 47.0%-67.2%). Reasons for justifying were: burning food, argues with husband, goes out without telling, neglects children, refuses sex, unfaithful, disobeys and suspects infidelity.
CONCLUSION
More than half of women accept domestic violence. Authors' suggest strengthening of women's awareness toward norms that justify wife beating.
Topics: Attitude; Cross-Sectional Studies; Domestic Violence; Ethiopia; Female; Humans; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; Spouse Abuse
PubMed: 30766592
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v18i4.47 -
International Review of Psychiatry... Oct 2016People with severe mental illness (SMI) have high prevalence of lifetime victimization, but little is known about the extent and risk of recent domestic/sexual violence.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
People with severe mental illness (SMI) have high prevalence of lifetime victimization, but little is known about the extent and risk of recent domestic/sexual violence. The objective was to synthesize evidence on prevalence, odds, and risk factors for recent violence against people with SMI, with a focus on domestic and sexual violence. Relevant studies were identified through literature searches in Medline, Psychinf, Embase (for studies published in 2010-2015), and through existing systematic reviews (for studies published in 2000-2014). The review included 30 studies (with 16 140 SMI participants), including six on domestic violence and 11 on sexual violence. Prevalence of recent domestic violence ranged from 15-22% among women and from 4-10% among men/mixed samples; with little evidence on risk compared with the general population. Median prevalence of sexual violence was 9.9% (IQR = 5.9-18.1%) in women and 3.1% (IQR = 2.5-6.7%) in men; with 6-fold higher odds of victimization compared with the general population. There was little evidence on risk factors for domestic or sexual violence. In conclusion, people with SMI have a high prevalence of recent domestic and sexual violence, but little is known about risk factors for these violence types, or extent of domestic violence victimization compared to the general population.
Topics: Adult; Domestic Violence; Humans; Mentally Ill Persons; Sex Offenses
PubMed: 27645197
DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2016.1223608 -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Mar 2020Domestic violence is a leading cause of social morbidity and may increase during and after pregnancy. In high-income countries screening, referral and management...
BACKGROUND
Domestic violence is a leading cause of social morbidity and may increase during and after pregnancy. In high-income countries screening, referral and management interventions are available as part of standard maternity care. Such practice is not routine in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) where the burden of social morbidity is high.
METHODS
We systematically reviewed available evidence describing the types of interventions, and/or the effectiveness of such interventions for women who report domestic violence during and/or after pregnancy, living in LMIC. Published and grey literature describing interventions for, and/or effectiveness of such interventions for women who report domestic violence during and/or after pregnancy, living in LMIC was reviewed. Outcomes assessed were (i) reduction in the frequency and/or severity of domestic violence, and/or (ii) improved physical, psychological and/or social health. Narrative analysis was conducted.
RESULTS
After screening 4818 articles, six studies were identified for inclusion. All included studies assessed women (n = 894) during pregnancy. Five studies reported on supportive counselling; one study implemented an intervention consisting of routine screening for domestic violence and supported referrals for women who required this. Two studies evaluated the effectiveness of the interventions on domestic violence with statistically significant decreases in the occurrence of domestic violence following counselling interventions (488 women included). There was a statistically significant increase in family support following counselling in one study (72 women included). There was some evidence of improvement in quality of life, increased use of safety behaviours, improved family and social support, increased access to community resources, increased use of referral services and reduced maternal depression. Overall evidence was of low to moderate quality.
CONCLUSIONS
Screening, referral and supportive counselling is likely to benefit women living in LMIC who experience domestic violence. Larger-scale, high-quality research is, however, required to provide further evidence for the effectiveness of interventions. Improved availability with evaluation of interventions that are likely to be effective is necessary to inform policy, programme decisions and resource allocation for maternal healthcare in LMIC.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Systematic review registration number: PROSPERO CRD42018087713.
Topics: Domestic Violence; Female; Humans; India; Kenya; Nigeria; Peru; Pregnancy; Socioeconomic Factors; South Africa
PubMed: 32138721
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-2819-0