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Nutrients Dec 2022Probiotics could improve cognitive functions in patients with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, but the effects on cognitive function in healthy... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Probiotics could improve cognitive functions in patients with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, but the effects on cognitive function in healthy older adults without cognitive impairment need further study. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Bifidobacterium longum BB68S (BB68S) on cognitive functions among healthy older adults without cognitive impairment. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted with 60 healthy older adults without cognitive impairment who were divided into probiotic or placebo groups and required to consume either a sachet of probiotic (BB68S, 5 × 1010 CFU/sachet) or placebo once daily for 8 weeks. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used as an inclusion screening tool to screen elderly participants with healthy cognitive function in our study, and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) was used to assess cognitive function in subjects before and after intervention as an assessment tool. BB68S significantly improved subjects’ cognitive functions (total RBANS score increased by 18.89 points after intervention, p < 0.0001), especially immediate memory, visuospatial/constructional, attention, and delayed memory domains. BB68S intervention increased the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria Lachnospira, Bifidobacterium, Dorea, and Cellulosilyticum, while decreasing those of bacteria related to cognition impairment, such as Collinsella, Parabacteroides, Tyzzerella, Bilophila, unclassified_c_Negativicutes, Epulopiscium, Porphyromonas, and Granulicatella. In conclusion, BB68S could improve cognitive functions in healthy elderly adults without cognitive impairment, along with having beneficial regulatory effects on their gut microbiota. This study supports probiotics as a strategy to promote healthy aging and advances cognitive aging research.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Bifidobacterium longum; Probiotics; Cognition; Bifidobacterium; Cognitive Dysfunction; Double-Blind Method
PubMed: 36615708
DOI: 10.3390/nu15010051 -
Journal of Biomedicine & Biotechnology 2012
Topics: Animals; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Mercury; Mercury Poisoning
PubMed: 22988426
DOI: 10.1155/2012/831890 -
Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) Oct 2017This is the first prospective study of the effects of human gut microbiota and metabolites on immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICT) response in metastatic melanoma patients....
Metagenomic Shotgun Sequencing and Unbiased Metabolomic Profiling Identify Specific Human Gut Microbiota and Metabolites Associated with Immune Checkpoint Therapy Efficacy in Melanoma Patients.
This is the first prospective study of the effects of human gut microbiota and metabolites on immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICT) response in metastatic melanoma patients. Whereas many melanoma patients exhibit profound response to ICT, there are fewer options for patients failing ICT-particularly with BRAF-wild-type disease. In preclinical studies, specific gut microbiota promotes regression of melanoma in mice. We therefore conducted a study of the effects of pretreatment gut microbiota and metabolites on ICT Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors response in 39 metastatic melanoma patients treated with ipilimumab, nivolumab, ipilimumab plus nivolumab (IN), or pembrolizumab (P). IN yielded 67% responses and 8% stable disease; P achieved 23% responses and 23% stable disease. ICT responders for all types of therapies were enriched for Bacteroides caccae. Among IN responders, the gut microbiome was enriched for Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroides thetaiotamicron, and Holdemania filiformis. Among P responders, the microbiome was enriched for Dorea formicogenerans. Unbiased shotgun metabolomics revealed high levels of anacardic acid in ICT responders. Based on these pilot studies, both additional confirmatory clinical studies and preclinical testing of these bacterial species and metabolites are warranted to confirm their ICT enhancing activity.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological; Biomarkers, Tumor; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cluster Analysis; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Male; Melanoma; Metabolomics; Metagenome; Metagenomics; Middle Aged; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28923537
DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.08.004 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Increasing evidence from observational studies and clinical experimentation has indicated a link between the gut microbiotas (GMs) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS),...
BACKGROUND
Increasing evidence from observational studies and clinical experimentation has indicated a link between the gut microbiotas (GMs) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), however, the causality and direction of causality between gut microbiome and PCOS remains to be established.
METHODS
We conducted a comprehensive search of four databases-PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase up until June 1, 2023, and subjected the results to a meta-analysis. In this study, a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was employed to investigate the impact of gut microbiota on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for PCOS comprised 113,238 samples, while the GWAS data for gut microbiota were derived from the MiBioGen consortium, encompassing a total sample size of 18,340 individuals. As the largest dataset of its kind, this study represents the most comprehensive genome-wide meta-analysis concerning gut microbiota composition to date. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected as instrumental variables at various taxonomic levels, including Phylum, Class, Order, Family, and Genus. The causal associations between exposures and outcomes were assessed using four established MR methods. To correct for multiple testing, the false discovery rate (FDR) method was applied. The reliability and potential biases of the results were evaluated through sensitivity analysis and F-statistics.
RESULTS
The meta-analysis incorporated a total of 20 studies that met the criteria, revealing a close association between PCOS and specific gut microbiota species. As per the results from our MR analysis, we identified six causal associations between the gut microbiome and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). At the genus level, (OR = 1.369, = 0.040), (OR = 1.548, = 0.027), and (OR = 1.488, = 0.028) were identified as risk factors for PCOS. Conversely, (OR = 0.723, = 0.040), (OR = 0.580, = 0.032), and (OR = 0.732, = 0.030) were found to be protective factors against PCOS. Furthermore, the MR-PRESSO global test and MR-Egger regression indicated that our study results were not affected by horizontal pleiotropy ( > 0.05). Finally, the leave-one-out analysis corroborated the robustness of the MR findings.
CONCLUSION
Both our meta-analysis and MR study indicates that there is a causal relationship between the gut microbiome and PCOS, which may contribute to providing novel insights for the development of new preventive and therapeutic strategies for PCOS.
PubMed: 37555058
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1203902 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Many individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction and show microbial dysbiosis. Variation in gut microbial... (Review)
Review
Many individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction and show microbial dysbiosis. Variation in gut microbial populations is associated with increased risk for GI symptoms such as chronic constipation and diarrhoea, which decrease quality of life. Several preclinical models of autism also demonstrate microbial dysbiosis. Given that much pre-clinical research is conducted in mouse models, it is important to understand the similarities and differences between the gut microbiome in humans and these models in the context of autism. We conducted a systematic review of the literature using PubMed, ProQuest and Scopus databases to compare microbiome profiles of patients with autism and transgenic (NL3, Shank3 KO, 15q dup), phenotype-first (BTBR) and environmental (Poly I:C, Maternal Inflammation Activation (MIA), valproate) mouse models of autism. Overall, we report changes in fecal microbial communities relevant to ASD based on both clinical and preclinical studies. Here, we identify an overlapping cluster of genera that are modified in both fecal samples from individuals with ASD and mouse models of autism. Specifically, we describe an increased abundance of , , and and a decrease in genera in both humans and rodents relevant to this disorder. Studies in both humans and mice highlighted multidirectional changes in abundance (i.e. in some cases increased abundance whereas other reports showed decreases) for several genera including , , , and , suggesting that these genera may be susceptible to modification in autism. Identification of these microbial profiles may assist in characterising underlying biological mechanisms involving host-microbe interactions and provide future therapeutic targets for improving gut health in autism.
Topics: Animals; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Autistic Disorder; Disease Models, Animal; Dysbiosis; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Mice; Microfilament Proteins; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Quality of Life
PubMed: 35846755
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.905841 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Evidence supports associations between gut microbiota and cardiovascular protein levels in plasma. However, it is unclear whether these associations reflect a causal...
Evidence supports associations between gut microbiota and cardiovascular protein levels in plasma. However, it is unclear whether these associations reflect a causal relationship. To reveal the causal relationship between gut microbiota and cardiovascular protein levels in plasma, we estimated their causal effects using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Sensitivity analysis was also performed to assess the robustness of our results. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) of microbiomes in the MiBioGen study included 211 bacterial taxa (18,473 individuals), and GWAS of 90 cardiovascular proteins included 30,931 individuals. There were 196 bacterial taxa from five levels available for analysis. The following 14 causal relationships were identified: phylum and carbohydrate antigen 125 (β = 0.289), order and CSF-1 (β = -0.211), genus and HSP-27 (β = 0.465), phylum and IL-8 (β = 0.274), order and KIM-1 (β = -0.499), class , genus , phylum and LEP (β = -0.219, β = -0.201, and β = -0.221), genus and NT-proBNP (β = 0.371), family and SRC (β = 0.191), order , phylum and TNF-R2 (β = 0.251 and β = 0.233), family and t-PA (β = 0.271), and class and VEGF-D (β = 0.390). Sensitivity analysis showed no evidence of pleiotropy or heterogeneity. The results of the reverse MR analysis showed no reverse causality for any of the 13 gut microbes and 11 cardiovascular proteins. Mendelian randomization estimates provide strong evidence for a causal effect of gut microbiota-mediated alterations on cardiovascular protein expression.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Genome-Wide Association Study; Causality; Bacteria; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
PubMed: 36544908
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1048519 -
Nature Communications Nov 2023The gut microbiota may have an effect on the therapeutic resistance and toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, the associations between the highly...
The gut microbiota may have an effect on the therapeutic resistance and toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, the associations between the highly variable genomes of gut bacteria and the effectiveness of ICIs remain unclear, despite the fact that merely a few gene mutations between similar bacterial strains may cause significant phenotypic variations. Here, using datasets from the gut microbiome of 996 patients from seven clinical trials, we systematically identify microbial genomic structural variants (SVs) using SGV-Finder. The associations between SVs and response, progression-free survival, overall survival, and immune-related adverse events are systematically explored by metagenome-wide association analysis and replicated in different cohorts. Associated SVs are located in multiple species, including Akkermansia muciniphila, Dorea formicigenerans, and Bacteroides caccae. We find genes that encode enzymes that participate in glucose metabolism be harbored in these associated regions. This work uncovers a nascent layer of gut microbiome heterogeneity that is correlated with hosts' prognosis following ICI treatment and represents an advance in our knowledge of the intricate relationships between microbiota and tumor immunotherapy.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Microbiota; Metagenome; Bacteria; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37973916
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42997-7 -
Cell Reports May 2023Understanding the axis of the human microbiome and physiological homeostasis is an essential task in managing deep-space-travel-associated health risks. The NASA-led...
Understanding the axis of the human microbiome and physiological homeostasis is an essential task in managing deep-space-travel-associated health risks. The NASA-led Rodent Research 5 mission enabled an ancillary investigation of the gut microbiome, varying exposure to microgravity (flight) relative to ground controls in the context of previously shown bone mineral density (BMD) loss that was observed in these flight groups. We demonstrate elevated abundance of Lactobacillus murinus and Dorea sp. during microgravity exposure relative to ground control through whole-genome sequencing and 16S rRNA analyses. Specific functionally assigned gene clusters of L. murinus and Dorea sp. capable of producing metabolites, lactic acid, leucine/isoleucine, and glutathione are enriched. These metabolites are elevated in the microgravity-exposed host serum as shown by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) metabolomic analysis. Along with BMD loss, ELISA reveals increases in osteocalcin and reductions in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b signifying additional loss of bone homeostasis in flight.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Chromatography, Liquid; Travel; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Space Flight
PubMed: 37080202
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112299 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2023Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is rising in incidence and is an increasingly common cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Alterations...
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is rising in incidence and is an increasingly common cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Alterations in the gut microbiota have been shown to correlate with the development and progression of MAFLD. However, little is known regarding differences in the gut microbiomes of MAFLD patients and healthy cohorts, and subgroups at the abnormal activity of hepatic enzymes in China. In this study, we enrolled 81 MAFLD patients and 25 healthy volunteers. The fecal microbiota was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomic sequencing. The results suggested that Ruminococcus obeum and Alistipes were most enriched in healthy individuals when compared with MAFLD patients. Microbe-set Enrichment Analysis (MSEA) results showed Dorea, Lactobacillus and Megasphaera are enriched in MAFLD group. We also found that Alistipes has negatively related to serum glucose (GLU), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Moreover, the abundance of Dorea was found to be significantly overrepresented in the MAFLD patients and the degree of enrichment increased with the increasing abnormal liver enzyme. An increase in Dorea, combined with decreases in Alistipes appears to be characteristic of MAFLD patients. Further study of microbiota may provide a novel insight into the pathogenesis of MAFLD as well as a novel treatment strategy.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Liver Neoplasms; Microbiota; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Bacteroidetes; Clostridiaceae
PubMed: 37340081
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37163-4 -
Clinical Nutrition Research Jul 2021Recently several studies have attempted to investigate the association between vitamin D and microbiota. However, studies have reported inconsistent results. This... (Review)
Review
Recently several studies have attempted to investigate the association between vitamin D and microbiota. However, studies have reported inconsistent results. This narrative review aimed to investigate the potential association between vitamin D and microbiota population in the gut by pooling together the results from observational studies and clinical trials. We considered animal and human studies in this field. Several studies have shown the correlation of vitamin D deficiency with microbiota. Furthermore, interventional studies were emerging that vitamin D change the microbiota composition in which leads to an increase in beneficial bacteria, such as , , , and while decreases in . Vitamin D could change the microbiota toward decreasing in and increasing in . At genera level, vitamin D may connect to some genera of family (e.g., , , , and ). It seems that adequate level of vitamin D is an important factor in improving the composition of the gut microbiota. More studies are needed to confirm possible underling mechanisms.
PubMed: 34386438
DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2021.10.3.181