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Frontiers in Immunology 2023Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy (GFAP-A) is a recently discovered autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. It presents...
Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy (GFAP-A) is a recently discovered autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. It presents with a variety of clinical symptoms, including fever, seizures, psychiatric symptoms, limber weakness, and sensory symptoms. However, the symptoms of sleep disorders have not been sufficiently addressed. Here, we report a case of GFAP-A in which the patient complained of excessive daytime sleepiness and an excessive need for sleep. Our patient was a 58-year-old male who experienced excessive daytime sleepiness for 50 days following SARS-CoV-2 infection. He was diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 on June 1st. On the 7th of June, he experienced excessive daytime sleepiness, nausea, reduced food intake, lower limb weakness, and dysuria. Subsequently, his sleepiness significantly deteriorated on July 21st. Five months prior, the patient underwent laparoscopic partial right nephrectomy for clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Brain MRI revealed abnormal hyperintense lesions in the pontine brain and around the mesencephalic aqueduct on T2 and T2-fluid attenuated inversion recovery (T2-FLAIR) sequences However, these lesions did not exhibit any pathological enhancement. Spinal cord MRI revealed lesions in the C6-C7 and T2-T3 segments on the T2 sequence. His Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score was 16 (reference range, <10), and 24-hour polysomnography supported the diagnosis of rapid-eye-movement sleep disorder and severe sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. Glial fibrillary acidic protein IgG antibodies were detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (1:32, cell-based assay) but not in the serum. The level of hypocretin in the cerebrospinal fluid was 29.92 pg/mL (reference range ≥110 pg/mL), suggesting narcolepsy type 1. After treatment with corticosteroids for approximately 1 month, the patient showed considerable clinical and radiological improvement, as well as an increase in hypocretin levels. Although repeated polysomnography and multiple sleep latency tests suggested narcolepsy, his ESS score decreased to 8. Our findings broaden the range of clinical manifestations associated with GFAP-A, thereby enhancing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for this disease. Additionally, our results indicate a potential common autoimmune mechanism involving GFAP-A and orexin system dysregulation, warranting further investigation.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Orexins; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Sleepiness; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence; Narcolepsy
PubMed: 38173730
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1302514 -
Industrial Health Oct 2018The present study comprised 1,781 nurses who participated in an investigation about working conditions, sleep, and health. They answered a questionnaire about age, sex,...
The present study comprised 1,781 nurses who participated in an investigation about working conditions, sleep, and health. They answered a questionnaire about age, sex, marital status, children living at home, work hours per week, number of night shifts last year, and total sleep duration and that also included a validated instrument assessing workaholism. In addition, they were asked to report on eight items concerning negative work-related incidents (dozed off at work, dozed while driving, harmed or nearly harmed self, harmed or nearly harmed patients/others, and harmed or nearly harmed equipment). Logistic regression analyses identified several predictors of these specific incidents: Low age (dozed at work, harmed and nearly harmed self, harmed and nearly harmed equipment), male sex (harmed and nearly harmed self, nearly harmed equipment), not living with children (harmed patients/others), low percentage of full-time equivalent (nearly harmed self and harmed patients/others), number of night shifts last year (dozed off at work and while driving, nearly harmed patients/others) and sleep duration (inversely related to dozed off at work and while driving, nearly harmed self). However, the most consistent predictor of negative work-related incidents was workaholism which was positively and significantly associated with all the eight incidents.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Behavior, Addictive; Female; Health Status; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Medical Errors; Middle Aged; Nurses; Sex Factors; Sleepiness; Socioeconomic Factors; Work Schedule Tolerance; Workload
PubMed: 29760300
DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2017-0223 -
BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology Apr 2023Standard doses of second-generation H-antihistamines (sgAHs) as first-line treatment are not always effective in treating chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), and hence... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Standard doses of second-generation H-antihistamines (sgAHs) as first-line treatment are not always effective in treating chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), and hence an increase in the dose of sgAHs is recommended. However, literature evaluating the efficacy and safety of this treatment remains inconclusive, highlighting the need for a systematic review and meta-analysis. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of high-dose sgAHs compared with standard-dose sgAHs in treating CSU.
METHODS
A systematic literature search of double-blind, randomized controlled trials (RCT) utilizing multiple doses of sgAHs was performed by searching the electronic databases Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Cochrane databases, and Web of Science. Bibliographies were also manually searched. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for assessing risk of bias was used to assess the quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Two reviewers screened studies, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias independently. The response rate, the number of adverse events, somnolence, and withdrawal due to adverse events were extracted from each article. The data were combined and analyzed to quantify the safety and efficacy of the treatment. RevMan (V5.3) software was used for data synthesis.
RESULTS
A total of 13 studies were identified, seven of which met the eligibility criteria for the meta-analysis. Our pooled meta-analyses showed that high-dose sgAHs was associated with a significantly higher response rate than standard-dose (RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.26; P = 0.02). Conversely, high doses of sgAHs were associated with significantly higher somnolence rates than standard dose (RD 0.05, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.09; P = 0.02). There was no significant difference in adverse events or withdrawal due to adverse events between standard- and high-dose treatments.
CONCLUSIONS
Our analyses showed that a high dose of sgAHs (up to two times the standard dose) might be more effective than a standard dose in CSU treatment. High-dose and standard-dose sgAHs showed similar adverse events, except for somnolence, where incidence was found to be dose-dependent in some studies. However, given the limited number of studies, our meta-analysis results should be interpreted with caution.
Topics: Humans; Sleepiness; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Chronic Urticaria; Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating; Histamine Antagonists
PubMed: 37024900
DOI: 10.1186/s40360-023-00665-y -
Journal of Imaging Apr 2023Drowsiness-related car accidents continue to have a significant effect on road safety. Many of these accidents can be eliminated by alerting the drivers once they start...
Drowsiness-related car accidents continue to have a significant effect on road safety. Many of these accidents can be eliminated by alerting the drivers once they start feeling drowsy. This work presents a non-invasive system for real-time driver drowsiness detection using visual features. These features are extracted from videos obtained from a camera installed on the dashboard. The proposed system uses facial landmarks and face mesh detectors to locate the regions of interest where mouth aspect ratio, eye aspect ratio, and head pose features are extracted and fed to three different classifiers: random forest, sequential neural network, and linear support vector machine classifiers. Evaluations of the proposed system over the National Tsing Hua University driver drowsiness detection dataset showed that it can successfully detect and alarm drowsy drivers with an accuracy up to 99%.
PubMed: 37233309
DOI: 10.3390/jimaging9050091 -
Inflammopharmacology Dec 2023Acute infections with SARS-CoV-2 variants of concerns (VOCs) differ in clinical presentation. Discrepancies in their long-term sequelae, commonly referred to as long... (Review)
Review
Acute infections with SARS-CoV-2 variants of concerns (VOCs) differ in clinical presentation. Discrepancies in their long-term sequelae, commonly referred to as long COVID, however, remain to be explored. We retrospectively analyzed data of 287 patients presented at the post-COVID care of the Pulmonology Department, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary, and infected with SARS-CoV-2 during a period of 3 major epidemic waves in Hungary (February-July 2021, VOC: B.1.1.7, Alpha, N = 135; August-December 2021, VOC: B.1.617.2, Delta, N = 89; and January-June 2022, VOC: B.1.1.529, Omicron; N = 63), > 4 weeks after acute COVID-19. Overall, the ratio of long COVID symptomatic (LC) and asymptomatic (NS) patients was 2:1. Self-reported questionnaires on fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale, FSS), sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale, ESS) and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI) showed higher scores for LC (4.79 ± 0.12, 7.45 ± 0.33 and 7.46 ± 0.27, respectively) than NS patients (2.85 ± 0.16, 5.23 ± 0.32 and 4.26 ± 0.29, respectively; p < 0.05 for all vs. LC). By comparing data of the three waves, mean FSS and PSQI scores of LC patients, but not ESS scores, exceeded the normal range in all, with no significant inter-wave differences. Considering FSS ≥ 4 and PSQI > 5 cutoff values, LC patients commonly exhibited problematic fatigue (≥ 70%) and poor sleep quality (> 60%) in all three waves. Comparative analysis of PSQI component scores of LC patients identified no significant differences between the three waves. Our findings highlight the importance of concerted efforts to manage both fatigue and sleep disturbances in long COVID patient care. This multifaceted approach should be followed in all cases infected with either VOCs of SARS-CoV-2.
Topics: Humans; SARS-CoV-2; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome; Sleep Quality; Sleepiness; Retrospective Studies; COVID-19; Fatigue
PubMed: 37020055
DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01190-4 -
Sante Mentale Au Quebec 2023Objectives Daytime sleepiness in adolescents has negative impacts on physical, cognitive, and emotional health, with direct or indirect consequences on their mental... (Review)
Review
Objectives Daytime sleepiness in adolescents has negative impacts on physical, cognitive, and emotional health, with direct or indirect consequences on their mental health. This review aims to describe specialized tools assessing daytime sleepiness in adolescents so that mental health professionals can screen for a variety of sleep disorders, from the rarest ones, such as narcolepsy, to the most common ones, such as sleep-wake cycle delay in adolescents. Method Articles were selected in Medline (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and targeted adolescents aged between 13 and 18 or the keyword "adolescent*". The keywords used were: "sleepiness test" AND "questionnaire*". Only articles in French or English and published until January 9, 2023 were included. A total of 277 scientific articles were screened. Final sample included a total of 35 articles describing sleepiness measurement tools in adolescents. Results Among the 35 articles, a total of seven daytime sleepiness measurement tools in adolescents were identified. Four of them were subjective: 1) the Epworth Sleepiness Scale for Children and Adolescents (ESS-CHAD), 2) the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS), 3) the Cleveland Adolescent Sleepiness Questionnaire (CASQ) and 4) the French Sleepiness Scale for Adolescents (FSSA). These self-reported questionnaires are less expensive and they can be used easily by mental health professionals as opposed to objective tools. Three objective tools have been identified: 1) the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT), 2) the maintenance of wakefulness test or called the "Maintenance Wakefulness Test" (MWT) and 3) the pupillographic sleepiness test (PST). Conclusion Given that adolescents end-of the-day sleep pressure, often resulting in a greater opportunity to light exposure, they are more at risk for daytime sleepiness and consequently to mental health challenges. Mental health professionals should therefore systematically screen for daytime sleepiness in adolescents using subjective tools. There are reliable and validated tools that are translated into French, such as the FSSA and the ESS-CHAD to measure daytime sleepiness in adolescents and lifestyles problems associated with sleep loss When daytime sleepiness suggests the presence of medical-based sleep disorders, such as narcolepsy, restless sleep disorders or sleep apnea, it is important to pursue an investigation with objective tools (nocturnal polysomnography, MLST and MWT) in collaboration with the adolescent's physician.
Topics: Child; Humans; Adolescent; Wakefulness; Sleepiness; Mental Health; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence; Narcolepsy; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 37862255
DOI: No ID Found -
Scandinavian Journal of Pain Jul 2018
Topics: Adolescent; Back Pain; Child; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Shoulder Pain; Sleepiness
PubMed: 29958185
DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2018-0099 -
Journal of Osteopathic Medicine Feb 2022Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) is a multimodal protocol aimed to improve quality of postoperative recovery, minimize complications, and optimize overall...
CONTEXT
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) is a multimodal protocol aimed to improve quality of postoperative recovery, minimize complications, and optimize overall self-regulation. Preoperative gabapentin decreases postoperative pain but can be associated with prolonged postoperative somnolence and respiratory depression risk. Although it is known that gabapentin affects the postoperative course, it is unclear if the timing of preoperative administration affects this finding.
OBJECTIVES
This study aims to assess the optimal preoperative timing for gabapentin administration in patients undergoing gynecologic surgery to minimize postoperative somnolence risk.
METHODS
A retrospective cohort study evaluated patients who underwent major gynecologic surgery and received preoperative gabapentin. Patients were grouped based on timing from gabapentin administration to surgical incision (<4 h group vs. ≥4 h group). Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data were abstracted and compared. Univariate associations between the timing of gabapentin administration and the patient and surgical characteristics and outcomes were tested utilizing two-sample equal-variance t-tests, linear model ANOVA, or Fisher's exact tests. Associations between the timing of gabapentin administration and the time until the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) score of 0 were modeled utilizing linear regression, adjusted for age, initial postoperative anesthesia care unit (PACU), RASS score, and postoperative narcotics.
RESULTS
Each group contained 127 patients. Demographics were similar except for age (<4 h group mean=44.2 years; ≥4 h group mean=40.5 years; p=0.021), chronic pain (<4 h group=17.6%; ≥4 h group=43.3%; p<0.001), and surgical indication (<4 h group=pelvic pain [29.1%]; ≥4 h group=pelvic pain [51.2%]; p=0.007). The <4 h group had a similar postoperative narcotic administration (<4 h group mean morphine milligram equivalents [MME]=3.667; ≥4 h group mean MME=4.833; p=0.185). The minutes from surgical closure until the patient received a RASS score of 0 and initial PACU pain score (Visual Analogue Scale [VAS]) were similar. The initial PACU oxygen administration volume, hours from surgical closure until the patient transitioned to room air, and initial PACU respiratory rate were similar. The PACU duration, admission secondary to somnolence, and initial PACU Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score showed no difference. Postoperative nausea/vomiting was decreased in the ≥4 h group (<4 h group=24.4%; ≥4 h group=13.4%; p-value=0.036), and urinary retention (<4 h group=14.2%; ≥4 h group=5.5%; p-value=0.033) was decreased in the ≥4 h group.
CONCLUSIONS
The timing of gabapentin administration less than or more than 4 h preoperatively in patients 18 years does not significantly affect postoperative somnolence or respiratory depression. Further, it does not have a significant effect on GCS scores or VAS scores.
Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Gabapentin; Humans; Pelvic Pain; Respiratory Insufficiency; Retrospective Studies; Sleepiness
PubMed: 35191281
DOI: 10.1515/jom-2021-0256 -
BMC Psychiatry Apr 2022Psychological distress is common among medical trainees. This study aimed to assess the frequency of depression, anxiety and burnout among physician residents and their...
BACKGROUND
Psychological distress is common among medical trainees. This study aimed to assess the frequency of depression, anxiety and burnout among physician residents and their association with both individual and residency program-related factors.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study applying an online survey in a national-wide sample of medical residents from Brazil. Depression, anxiety, burnout and diurnal somnolence were assessed with validated tools (Patient Health Questionnaire-4, 2 items version of Maslach Burnout Inventory, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale). Socio-demographic and residency program-related factors were measured with internally validated instruments. We performed multivariate binary logistic regression analysis for each of the main outcomes.
RESULTS
Screening for depression, anxiety and burnout was positive respectively in 46.9%, 56.6% and 37.0% of our sample (n = 1,419). Depression was independently related to female sex, longer duty hours, absence of day off, poor learning perception, poor feeling about the residency program, overall occurrence of psychological abuse, anxiety, diurnal somnolence and burnout (AUROC = .859 [95%CI = .840-.878], p < .001). Anxiety was independently associated with female sex, higher age and duty hours, work-personal life conflicts, few classroom activities, providing assistance without supervision, depression and diurnal somnolence (837 [.816-.857], p < .001). Burnout was related to lower age and leisure time, male sex, longer duty hours, absence of day off, provision of care without supervision, choice of the wrong specialty, poor learning, psychological abuse, depression and diurnal somnolence (.780 [.753-.806], p < .001).
CONCLUSION
Frequency of psychological distress in residency training is high and related to both individuals and environmental factors, namely high workloads, occurrence of psychological abuse, poor faculty supervision, poor learning experience and work-personal life conflicts.
Topics: Anxiety; Brazil; Burnout, Professional; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Female; Humans; Internship and Residency; Male; Physicians; Sleepiness; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35436910
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03916-0 -
The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry Mar 2023To describe lumateperone for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults using number needed to treat (NNT), number needed to harm (NNH), and likelihood to be helped or... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
To describe lumateperone for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults using number needed to treat (NNT), number needed to harm (NNH), and likelihood to be helped or harmed (LHH). Data were obtained from the 3 phase 2/3 lumateperone trials, conducted between 2011 and 2016, in patients with schizophrenia diagnosed using the , Fourth Edition, Text Revision, or Fifth Edition. Efficacy was assessed using various response criteria; tolerability was principally assessed using rates of adverse events (AEs). Pooled data of the 2 informative studies showed statistically significant estimates of NNT versus placebo for lumateperone 42 mg/d for the responder thresholds of ≥ 20% and ≥ 30% improvement on Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total scores, with NNT for response versus placebo at 4 weeks and endpoint of 9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 5-36) and 8 (95% CI, 5-21), respectively. Pooling all studies, discontinuation because of AEs was uncommon, and the NNH versus placebo was 389 (not statistically significant from placebo [NS]). Rates of individual AEs resulted in NNH versus placebo > 10 except for somnolence/sedation (NNH of 8; 95% CI, 6-12). The occurrence of weight gain ≥ 7% from baseline yielded a NNH estimate of 122 (NS). Rates of akathisia were lower for patients receiving lumateperone compared with placebo. LHH for response versus somnolence/sedation was ~ 1 for lumateperone (similar to the risperidone active control group); otherwise, lumateperone exhibited LHH ratios that were much greater than 1 for all other AEs and that ranged from 13.6 to 48.6 for these other benefit-risk calculations. In 3 phase 2/3 trials, the benefit-risk assessment of lumateperone was favorable as measured by NNT, NNH, and LHH. ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT01499563, NCT02282761, NCT02469155.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Antipsychotic Agents; Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings; Risperidone; Schizophrenia; Sleepiness
PubMed: 36883881
DOI: 10.4088/JCP.22r14631