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Gut Nov 1984Endoscopic manometry was used to measure pancreatic duct, common bile duct, pancreatic duct sphincter and bile duct sphincter pressures in 43 healthy volunteers and 162...
Endoscopic manometry was used to measure pancreatic duct, common bile duct, pancreatic duct sphincter and bile duct sphincter pressures in 43 healthy volunteers and 162 patients with a variety of papillary, pancreatic and biliary disorders. Common bile duct pressure was significantly raised after cholecystectomy, with common bile duct stones and papillary stenosis but pancreatic duct pressure only in papillary stenosis. After endoscopic sphincterotomy mean common bile duct pressure fell from 11.2 to 1.1 mmHg and pancreatic duct pressure from 18.0 to 11.2 mmHg. Distinct pancreatic duct sphincter and bile duct sphincter zones were identified as phasic pressures of 3-12 waves/minute on pull-through from pancreatic duct and common bile duct to duodenum. Pancreatic duct sphincter pressures were higher with common bile duct stones and stenosis whereas bile duct sphincter pressures were higher in pancreatitis and stenosis. Bile duct sphincter activity was present in 60% of patients after surgical sphincteroplasty but 21% of patients after endoscopic sphincterotomy. Endoscopic manometry facilitated the diagnosis of papillary stenosis, has allowed study of papillary pathophysiology and has shown a functional inter-relationship between the two sphincteric zones.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Ampulla of Vater; Bile Ducts; Cholecystectomy; Common Bile Duct; Common Bile Duct Diseases; Constriction, Pathologic; Endoscopy; Female; Gallstones; Humans; Male; Manometry; Middle Aged; Pancreatic Ducts; Pancreatitis; Pressure; Sphincter of Oddi
PubMed: 6500363
DOI: 10.1136/gut.25.11.1247 -
HPB Surgery : a World Journal of... 1996Biliary tact carcinoids are extremely rare: only ten cases have been reported up to now. The Authors describe a successfully treated carcinoid tumour of the proximal... (Review)
Review
Biliary tact carcinoids are extremely rare: only ten cases have been reported up to now. The Authors describe a successfully treated carcinoid tumour of the proximal bile duct and review the literature about these rare malignancies. Despite extensive preoperative work-up, including ultrasound, CT scan and ERCP, a definite diagnosis is hardly possible prior to histologic examination of the operative or necropsy specimen. Due to the slow-growing nature and the non-aggressive behaviour of these malignancies, surgical resection followed by biliodigestive anastomosis should be the treatment of choice.
Topics: Aged; Carcinoid Tumor; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; Cholecystectomy; Common Bile Duct; Common Bile Duct Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 8871251
DOI: 10.1155/1996/45231 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Nov 2015Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) is a rare bile duct neoplasm mostly found in far eastern nations where hepatolithiasis and clonorchiasis... (Review)
Review
Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) is a rare bile duct neoplasm mostly found in far eastern nations where hepatolithiasis and clonorchiasis infections are endemic. In western countries, it is very rare and the etiology is unknown. In this article, we report the first IPNB patient we encountered in our clinic and a literature review. The patient is a 38-year-old female with a history of choledocholithiasis who presented with obstructive jaundice. She was found to have a papillary mass at the junction of the right hepatic duct and common hepatic duct with six masses in the liver parenchyma. The immunophenotypic and histologic features of the tumor are consistent with IPNB, gastric subtype. The patient had a partial hepatectomy and has been receiving palliative chemotherapy. In a search of PubMed database, we collected 354 IPNB patients reported in 22 articles. In these patients, 52.8% were from Japan and 27.7% were from western countries including the United States (11.0%). The age of the patients ranged from 35 to 80 years old with an average of 64.6. Male/female ratio was 1.5. Macroscopically, 57.5% of the tumors were in the left lobe and 29.5% were in the right lobe. The average size of the tumor were 4.2 cm at the time of diagnosis. Histologically, pancreato-biliary subtype accounted for 41.8%, intestinal 28.0%, gastric 13.5% and oncocytic 16%. An invasive component is most often present in the pancreato-biliary and gastric subtypes. Despite recent advanced technologies, diagnosis of IPNB is still challenging, especially in western countries due to its rarity. Defined clinico-pathologic features are in demand for the accurate diagnosis and proper treatment.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Papillary; Adult; Bile Duct Neoplasms; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Female; Hepatectomy; Hepatic Duct, Common; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; Palliative Care; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 26604656
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i43.12498 -
PloS One 2016No studies have explored the risk factors for paraurethral duct dilatation following paraurethral duct infection by Neisseria gonorrhoeae in men undergoing ceftriaxone...
No studies have explored the risk factors for paraurethral duct dilatation following paraurethral duct infection by Neisseria gonorrhoeae in men undergoing ceftriaxone therapy. The present study was performed to explore the risk factors for paraurethral duct dilatation following paraurethral duct infection by N. gonorrhoeae in men undergoing ceftriaxone therapy and thus guide clinical interventions. We compared the demographic, behavioral, and clinical data of men with paraurethral duct infection by N. gonorrhoeae with and without dilatation of the paraurethral duct. Univariate analysis showed significant differences in age, disease course of the infected paraurethral duct, Chlamydia trachomatis infection in the paraurethral duct, and a history of paraurethral duct infection by N. gonorrhoeae between the patient and control groups (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed consistent results (P<0.05). This study that shows delayed treatment may be a major risk factor for paraurethral duct dilatation secondary to paraurethral duct infection by N. gonorrhoeae in men. Age, C. trachomatis infection in the paraurethral duct, and a history of paraurethral duct infection by N. gonorrhoeae are also risk factors. Thus, educating patients to undergo timely therapy and treating the C. trachomatis infection may be effective interventions.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Case-Control Studies; Ceftriaxone; Dilatation; Gonorrhea; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Risk Factors; Urethra; Young Adult
PubMed: 27861521
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166355 -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Dec 2015This study evaluated outcomes of surgical treatment of equine sialolithiasis, highlighting cases involving the proximal parotid salivary duct. Sialoliths in the proximal...
This study evaluated outcomes of surgical treatment of equine sialolithiasis, highlighting cases involving the proximal parotid salivary duct. Sialoliths in the proximal parotid duct were difficult to identify radiographically and more frequently associated with draining tracts and sialadenitis compared with sialoliths in the distal parotid duct. Ultrasonography confirmed the diagnosis of sialolithiasis in all cases in which there was no radiographic evidence of a sialolith. All cases of proximal parotid duct sialolithiasis required transcutaneous removal. A longer duration of illness was observed in cases of proximal parotid duct sialolithiasis compared with cases involving the distal parotid duct, and in cases requiring transcutaneous removal compared with cases requiring transoral removal. Recurrence of sialolithiasis was documented in 24% of cases, all of which were located in the distal parotid duct. The average time to recurrence was 2.8 years.
Topics: Animals; Female; Horse Diseases; Horses; Male; Recurrence; Retrospective Studies; Salivary Duct Calculi; Salivary Gland Calculi; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 26663918
DOI: No ID Found -
Revista Espanola de Enfermedades... May 2017Todani proposed the most accepted classification for cystic lesions of the bile duct, including 5 types. Serena described another one, type VI, which includes cystic...
Todani proposed the most accepted classification for cystic lesions of the bile duct, including 5 types. Serena described another one, type VI, which includes cystic lesions of the isolated cystic duct, of which there are less than twenty reported cases. They differ from type II in terms of the distal cystic caliber, which is normal in type VI, and in the diagnosis which is performed intra-operatively in most of the cases. Neoplastic degeneration has an incidence of 10 to 30% in all these lesions, which is the reason why the most widely accepted treatment is cholecystectomy with resection of the cystic duct cyst dilatation and preservation of the main bile duct by a laparoscopic approach.
Topics: Choledochal Cyst; Cystic Duct; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Middle Aged
PubMed: 28480726
DOI: No ID Found -
Gastroenterologie Clinique Et Biologique Mar 2010
Review
Topics: Age Distribution; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bile Duct Neoplasms; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Cholangiocarcinoma; Evidence-Based Medicine; Hepatectomy; Humans; Incidence; Liver Neoplasms; Neoplasm Staging; Paris; Patient Selection; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Survival Rate
PubMed: 20202770
DOI: 10.1016/j.gcb.2010.01.006 -
The International Journal of... 2014The Müllerian duct gives rise to female reproductive organs, such as the oviduct and uterus. During gestation, the Wolffian duct, which generates male reproductive...
The Müllerian duct gives rise to female reproductive organs, such as the oviduct and uterus. During gestation, the Wolffian duct, which generates male reproductive organs and the kidney, is formed, and the Müllerian duct then elongates caudally along the preformed Wolffian duct. Anatomical separation of these two ducts in chick embryos demonstrated that the Wolffian duct is required for Müllerian duct formation. Likewise, a few reports supported this notion in mice, including studies on Wnt9b mutant mice and Wolffian duct-specific Lhx1 deletion. However, anatomical ablation of the Wolffian duct has not been established in mice. In this study, we addressed the importance of the interaction between these two reproductive ducts, by generating mice that specifically expressed a diphtheria toxin subunit in the Wolffian duct. While this genetic ablation of the Wolffian duct resulted in kidney hypoplasia/agenesis in both male and female mutant mice, the female mutant mice lacked the uterus, which is derived from the Müllerian duct. At mid-gestation, the Müllerian duct was truncated at the level where the mutant Wolffian duct was prematurely terminated, meaning that Müllerian duct elongation was dependent on the preformed Wolffian duct. However, Wnt9b expression in the Wolffian duct and the resultant canonical Wnt activity, as well as Lhx1 expression, were not affected in the mutant mice. These results suggest that the Wolffian duct regulates Müllerian duct elongation by currently unidentified mechanisms that are independent of canonical Wnt signaling or Lhx1 expression.
Topics: Animals; Embryo, Mammalian; Female; Immunoenzyme Techniques; In Situ Hybridization; LIM-Homeodomain Proteins; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Mullerian Ducts; Organogenesis; Signal Transduction; Transcription Factors; Uterus; Wnt Proteins; Wolffian Ducts
PubMed: 25896202
DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.140261rn -
Canadian Journal of Surgery. Journal... Feb 1999Carcinoids of the extrahepatic bile ducts and particularly the common bile duct are extremely rare. A 65-year-old woman presented with obstructive jaundice. Laboratory... (Review)
Review
Carcinoids of the extrahepatic bile ducts and particularly the common bile duct are extremely rare. A 65-year-old woman presented with obstructive jaundice. Laboratory and imaging studies gave results that were consistent with an obstructing lesion in the common bile duct. In this case, a stent was inserted initially to decompress the bile ducts. Subsequently a laparotomy and pancreaticoduodenectomy were performed and a tissue diagnosis of carcinoid of the common bile duct was made. The patient was well with no evidence of recurrence 17 months postoperatively. The authors believe this is the 19th reported case of an extrahepatic bile duct carcinoid.
Topics: Aged; Carcinoid Tumor; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; Cholestasis, Extrahepatic; Common Bile Duct; Common Bile Duct Neoplasms; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans
PubMed: 10071590
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Occupational Health Mar 2017In a job site, a portable fan is often used to ventilate a confined space. When a portable fan is applied to such a space, the actual ventilation flow rate must be...
OBJECTIVES
In a job site, a portable fan is often used to ventilate a confined space. When a portable fan is applied to such a space, the actual ventilation flow rate must be accurately estimated in advance because the safety level of contaminant and oxygen concentrations in the space will determine the ventilation requirements. When a portable fan is used with a flexible duct, the actual flow rate of the fan decreases due to the friction and duct bending loss of the duct. Intending to show the decline of a fan performance, the author conducted laboratory experiments and reported the quantitative effect of the friction and duct bending loss of a flexible duct to the flow rate of a portable fan.
METHODS
Four commercial portable fans of different specifications were procured for the experiments, and the decline of the performance of each portable fan due to the friction loss etc. of a connected flexible duct was investigated by measuring actual flow rate.
RESULTS
The flow rate showed an obvious decrease from the rated flow rate when a flexible duct was connected. Connection of a straight polyester flexible duct and a straight aluminum flexible duct reduced the flow rates to 81.2 - 52.9% and less than 50%, respectively. The flow rate decreased with an increase of the bend angle of the flexible duct.
CONCLUSION
It is recommended that flow rate check of a portable fan should be diligently carried out in every job site.
Topics: Air Movements; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Monitoring; Friction; Humans; Ventilation
PubMed: 27980248
DOI: 10.1539/joh.16-0091-OP