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Biomolecules Mar 2023Collagen membranes are routinely used in oral surgery for bone regeneration. Despite their numerous advantages, such as stimulating bone growth, bacterial contamination...
Collagen membranes are routinely used in oral surgery for bone regeneration. Despite their numerous advantages, such as stimulating bone growth, bacterial contamination still remains one of the disadvantages of membrane use. Thus, we assessed the biocompatibility and osteogenic and antibacterial properties of a collagen membrane (OsteoBiol) modified with chitosan (CHI) and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HApNPs). Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) were performed for membrane characterization. Biocompatibility was assessed on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) by an MTT assay, while the osteogenic effect was assessed by an ALP activity assay and qPCR analysis of osteogenic markers (BMP4, ALP, RUNX2, and OCN). Antimicrobial properties were investigated by counting colony-forming units (CFUs) of , and on membranes and in the surrounding medium. Membranes showed no cytotoxicity. ALP activity was higher and ALP, BMP4, and OCN genes were up-regulated in DPSCs on modified membranes compared to unmodified membranes. The CFUs were reduced on modified membranes and in the medium. Modified membranes showed great biocompatibility and a high osteoinductive effect. Additionally, they showed antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects against periopathogens. It can be concluded that the incorporation of CHI and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in collagen membranes may be advantageous to promote osteogenesis and reduce bacterial adhesion.
Topics: Osteogenesis; Chitosan; Durapatite; Cell Differentiation; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Collagen; Anti-Infective Agents; Cells, Cultured; Cell Proliferation
PubMed: 37189328
DOI: 10.3390/biom13040579 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2022To enhance the osteoinductive effect of Hydroxyapatite (HA) in bone tissue engineering, this study manufactured polycaprolactone (PCL)/gelatin (GEL)/HA nanofibrous...
PURPOSE
To enhance the osteoinductive effect of Hydroxyapatite (HA) in bone tissue engineering, this study manufactured polycaprolactone (PCL)/gelatin (GEL)/HA nanofibrous scaffolds incorporated with different ratios of attapulgite (ATP): HA (0:3, 0:0, 1:1, 2:1 and 3:0) by high-voltage electrospinning. The synergistic effect exerted by ATP and HA on bone formation was explored both in vivo and in vitro.
METHODS AND RESULTS
First, we determined the group composition and crystal structure of the nanosheets by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Then, the physical properties of the scaffolds, including the modulus of elasticity, porosity and water absorption were evaluated. Moreover, the surface microstructure of the nanofibrous scaffolds was captured by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The biocompatibility of the fabricated scaffolds represented by cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) and phalloidin staining was also assessed. Next, in vitro osteogenesis was evaluated. Real-time PCR, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and Alizarin red S (ARS) staining results showed that the materials incorporated with HA and ATP at a ratio of 2:1 synergistically promoted more osteoblastic differentiation and extracellular mineralization than scaffolds doped with HA and ATP alone. Last, in vivo, Hematoxylin-Eosin staining (HE staining) and Masson staining showed that groups treated with HA and ATP acquired optimal patterns of bone regeneration.
CONCLUSION
This study clarified for the first time that the combination of HA and ATP orchestrated biomaterial-induced osseointegration, and the synergistic effect was more significant when the ratio of ATP/HA was 2:1. This conclusion also provides new ideas and a scientific basis for the development of functionalized nanomaterials in bone tissue engineering.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Durapatite; Gelatin; Magnesium Compounds; Osteogenesis; Polyesters; Silicon Compounds
PubMed: 36105619
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S372247 -
Tissue Engineering. Part A Mar 2020Bone defects are common and, in many cases, challenging to treat. Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary approach with promising potential for treating bone defects....
Bone defects are common and, in many cases, challenging to treat. Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary approach with promising potential for treating bone defects. Within tissue engineering, three-dimensional (3D) printing strategies have emerged as potent tools for scaffold fabrication. However, reproducibility and quality control are critical aspects limiting the translation of 3D printed scaffolds to clinical use, which remain to be addressed. To elucidate the factors that yield to the generation of defects in bioprinting and to achieve reproducible biomaterial printing, the objective of this article is to frame a systematic approach for optimizing and validating 3D printing of poly(caprolactone) (PCL)-hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite scaffolds. We delineate the effect of PCL-to-HAp ratio, print velocity, print temperature, and extrusion pressure on the architectural and mechanical properties of the 3D printed scaffold. Furthermore, we present an image-based monitoring approach to quantify key quality-related aspects of constructs, such as the ability to deposit material consistently and print elementary shapes with fewer flaws. Our results show that small defects generated during the printing process have a significant role in lowering the mechanical properties of 3D printed polymeric scaffolds. In addition, the osteoinductivity of the fabricated scaffolds is demonstrated. Impact statement Identifying quality control measures is essential in the translation of three-dimensional (3D) printed scaffolds into clinical practice. In this article, we highlighted the importance of selected printing parameters on the quality of the 3D printed scaffolds. We also demonstrated that flaws, such as voids, significantly lower the mechanical properties (compressive modulus) of 3D printed polymeric scaffolds.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Durapatite; Materials Testing; Polyesters; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 31964254
DOI: 10.1089/ten.TEA.2019.0237 -
PEEK and Hyaluronan-Based 3D Printed Structures: Promising Combination to Improve Bone Regeneration.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022Hybrid bone substitute made up of a 3D printed polyetheretherketone (PEEK) scaffold coated with methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MeHA)-hydroxyapatite (HAp) hydrogel is the...
Hybrid bone substitute made up of a 3D printed polyetheretherketone (PEEK) scaffold coated with methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MeHA)-hydroxyapatite (HAp) hydrogel is the objective of the present work. Development and characterization of the scaffold and of the MeHA-HAp after its infiltration and UV photocrosslinking have been followed by analyses of its biological properties using human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Interconnected porous PEEK matrices were produced by fused deposition modeling (FDM) characterized by a reticular pattern with 0°/90° raster orientation and square pores. In parallel, a MeHA-HAp slurry has been synthesized and infiltrated in the PEEK scaffolds. The mechanical properties of the coated and pure PEEK scaffold have been evaluated, showing that the inclusion of MeHA-HAp into the lattice geometry did not significantly change the strength of the PEEK structure with Young's modulus of 1034.9 ± 126.1 MPa and 1020.0 ± 63.7 MPa for PEEK and PEEK-MeHA-HAp scaffolds, respectively. Human MSCs were seeded on bare and coated scaffolds and cultured for up to 28 days to determine the adhesion, proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation. In vitro results showed that the MeHA-HAp coating promotes MSCs adhesion and proliferation and contributes to osteogenic differentiation and extracellular matrix mineralization. This study provides an efficient solution for the development of a scaffold combining the great mechanical performances of PEEK with the bioactive properties of MeHA and HAp, having high potential for translational clinical applications.
Topics: Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Osteogenesis; Polyethylene Glycols; Bone Regeneration; Ketones; Durapatite; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 36557882
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248749 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2023Hydroxyapatite (HA), the principal mineral of bone tissue, can be fabricated as an artificial calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramic and potentially used as bioceramic material... (Review)
Review
Hydroxyapatite (HA), the principal mineral of bone tissue, can be fabricated as an artificial calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramic and potentially used as bioceramic material for bone defect treatment. Nevertheless, the production method (including the applied sintering temperature) of synthetic hydroxyapatite directly affects its basic properties, such as its microstructure, mechanical parameters, bioabsorbability, and osteoconductivity, and in turn influences its biomedical potential as an implantable biomaterial. The wide application of HA in regenerative medicine makes it necessary to explain the validity of the selection of the sintering temperature. The main emphasis of this article is on the description and summarization of the key features of HA depending on the applied sintering temperature during the synthesis process. The review is mainly focused on the dependence between the HA sintering temperature and its microstructural features, mechanical properties, biodegradability/bioabsorbability, bioactivity, and biocompatibility.
Topics: Durapatite; Temperature; Biocompatible Materials; Bone and Bones; Prostheses and Implants
PubMed: 36982158
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065083 -
Bioactive materials: In vitro investigation of different mechanisms of hydroxyapatite precipitation.Acta Biomaterialia Jan 2020Bioactive materials, able to induce hydroxyapatite precipitation in contact with body fluids, are of great interest for their bone bonding capacity. . The aim of this...
Bioactive materials, able to induce hydroxyapatite precipitation in contact with body fluids, are of great interest for their bone bonding capacity. . The aim of this paper is to compare bioactive materials with different surface features to verify the mechanisms of action and the relationship with kinetics and type of precipitated hydroxyapatite over time. Four different surface treatments for Ti/Ti6Al4V alloy and a bioactive glass were selected and a different mechanism of bioactivity is supposed for each of them. Apart from the conventional techniques (FESEM, XPS and EDX), less common characterizations (zeta potential measurements on solid surfaces and FTIR chemical imaging) were applied. The results suggest that the OH groups on the surface have several effects: the total number of the OH groups mainly affects hydrophilicity of surfaces, while the isoelectric points, surface charge and ions attraction mainly depend on OH acidic/basic strength. Kinetics of hydroxyapatite precipitation is faster when it involves a mechanism of ion exchange while it is slower when it is due to electrostatic effects . The electrostatic effect cooperates with ion exchange and it speeds up kinetics of hydroxyapatite precipitation. Different bioactive surfaces are able to differently induce precipitation of type A and B of hydroxyapatite, as well as different degrees of crystallinity and carbonation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The bone is made of a ceramic phase (a specific type of hydroxyapatite), a network of collagen fibers and the biological tissue. A strong bond of an orthopedic or dental implant with the bone is achieved by bioactive materials where precipitation and growth of hydroxyapatite occurs on the implant surface starting from the ions in the physiological fluids. Several bioactive materials are already known and used, but their mechanism of action is not completely known and the type of precipitated hydroxyapatite not fully investigated. In this work, bioactive titanium and bioglass surfaces are compared through conventional and innovative methodologies. Different mechanisms of bioactivity are identified, with different kinetics and the materials are able to induce precipitation of different types of hydroxyapatite, with different degree of crystallinity and carbonation.
Topics: Alloys; Durapatite; Glass; Surface Properties; Titanium
PubMed: 31734414
DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.11.024 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2022In this work, fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology was used to prepare poly(lactic acid)/walnut shell/hydroxyapatite (PLA/WS/HA) composite filaments. HA was...
In this work, fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology was used to prepare poly(lactic acid)/walnut shell/hydroxyapatite (PLA/WS/HA) composite filaments. HA was treated with silane and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The composites were investigated by using simultaneous thermal analyzer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a universal mechanical testing machine. The results showed that incorporating either HA or WS improved the thermal stability and water absorption of PLA, but lowered the tensile and compression strength. Fillers toughened the PLA matrix, resulting in higher tensile elongation and compressive strain. The tensile and compressive strengths of samples significantly dropped after water-immersion for 6 weeks. Finally, scaffolds were manufactured by using FDM. The compression modulus and structural feature of scaffolds indicated that the PLA/WS/HA composites have the potential to be applied in structural parts, such as bone implants.
Topics: Durapatite; Juglans; Polyesters; Water
PubMed: 35798811
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15622-8 -
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 2017Bone grafts are widely used for augmentation procedures in oral and maxillofacial surgery, with autogenous bone being the gold standard. Recently, the focus of research... (Review)
Review
Bone grafts are widely used for augmentation procedures in oral and maxillofacial surgery, with autogenous bone being the gold standard. Recently, the focus of research has shifted towards synthetic bone substitutes, as no second surgery is needed and large quantities of graft can easily be provided. Within the broad range of bone substitutes, synthetic hydroxyapatite has drawn much attention, as they are considered to be biocompatible, non-immunogenic, osteoconductive and osteoinductive. Scope of this review is to summarize existing knowledge concerning the molecular, cellular and pharmaceutical aspects of synthetic bone substitutes for oral and maxillofacial grafting.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Bone Regeneration; Bone Substitutes; Bone Transplantation; Durapatite; Humans; Surgery, Oral
PubMed: 27915980
DOI: 10.2174/1389201017666161202103218 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2023This study aims to investigate the impact of enhancing subchondral bone repair on the efficacy of articular cartilage restoration, thereby achieving improved...
PURPOSE
This study aims to investigate the impact of enhancing subchondral bone repair on the efficacy of articular cartilage restoration, thereby achieving improved osteochondral regeneration outcomes.
METHODS
In this study, we modified the surface of nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAp) through alkylation reactions to prepare n-HApMA. Characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy scanning, thermogravimetric analysis, particle size analysis, and electron microscopy, were employed to analyze n-HApMA. Bioinks were prepared using n-HApMA, high porosity GelMA hydrogel, and adipose tissue derived stromal cells (ADSCs). The rheological properties of the bioinks during photocuring were investigated using a rheometer. Based on these bioinks, a biphasic scaffold was constructed. The viability of cells within the scaffold was observed using live-dead cell staining, while the internal morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy. The stiffness of the scaffold was evaluated through compression testing. Scaffolds were implanted into the osteochondral defects of New Zealand rabbit knees, and microCT was utilized to observe the subchondral bone repair. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Masson's trichrome staining, and Safranin O/Fast Green staining were performed to assess the regeneration of subchondral bone and cartilage. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining was employed to detect the expression of osteogenic and chondrogenic-related molecules.
RESULTS
Scaffold characterization revealed that surface modification enables the uniform distribution of n-HApMA within the GelMA matrix. The incorporation of 5% n-HApMA notably enhanced the elastic modulus and stiffness of the 6% high-porosity GelMA in comparison to n-HAp. Moreover, in-vivo study showed that the homogeneous dispersion of n-HApMA on the GelMA matrix facilitated the osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and promoted osteochondral tissue regeneration.
CONCLUSION
These findings suggest potential applications of the n-HApMA/GelMA composite in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Topics: Animals; Rabbits; Tissue Scaffolds; Osteogenesis; Durapatite; Porosity; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Tissue Engineering; Cartilage, Articular; Biocompatible Materials
PubMed: 37886722
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S428965 -
International Journal of Biological... Jul 2023Hydroxyapatite (HA) and chitosan (CS) biopolymer are the major materials investigated for biomedical purposes. Both of these components play an important role in the... (Review)
Review
Hydroxyapatite (HA) and chitosan (CS) biopolymer are the major materials investigated for biomedical purposes. Both of these components play an important role in the orthopedic field as bone substitutes or drug release systems. Used separately, the hydroxyapatite is quite fragile, while CS mechanical strength is very weak. Therefore, a combination of HA and CS polymer is used, which provides excellent mechanical performance with high biocompatibility and biomimetic capacity. Moreover, the porous structure and reactivity of the hydroxyapatite-chitosan (HA-CS) composite allow their application not only as a bone repair but also as a drug delivery system providing controlled drug release directly to the bone site. These features make biomimetic HA-CS composite a subject of interest for many researchers. Through this review, we provide the important recent achievements in the development of HA-CS composites, focusing on manufacturing techniques, conventional and novel three-dimensional bioprinting technology, and physicochemical and biological properties. The drug delivery properties and the most relevant biomedical applications of the HA-CS composite scaffolds are also presented. Finally, alternative approaches are proposed to develop HA composites with the aim to improve their physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties.
Topics: Chitosan; Durapatite; Biocompatible Materials; Tissue Engineering; Bone Regeneration; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 37285882
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125150