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Journal of Medicine and Life Oct 2023Primary dysmenorrhea is the most commonly encountered menstrual issue among adolescents, often leading to significant school absenteeism. This study aimed to detect the...
Primary dysmenorrhea is the most commonly encountered menstrual issue among adolescents, often leading to significant school absenteeism. This study aimed to detect the impact of primary dysmenorrhea on adolescents' activities and school attendance. We conducted a cross-sectional comparative study involving 180 adolescents aged 12 to 18 who experienced primary dysmenorrhea. A comprehensive trans-abdominal pelvic sonography was performed to rule out any underlying pelvic conditions. The severity of dysmenorrhea was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS), categorizing adolescents into groups with mild dysmenorrhea (VAS ≥1 to ≤3), moderate dysmenorrhea (VAS >3 to ≤7), and severe dysmenorrhea (VAS >7 to ≤10). Adolescents were surveyed to determine whether the severity of dysmenorrhea had an adverse effect on their physical and social activities as well as their school attendance. We used one-way ANOVA to compare the groups. There was a significant positive relation between the severity of dysmenorrhea and its negative impact on adolescents' physical activities (r=0.395; p<0.00001) and social activities (r=0.658; p<0.00001). Additionally, there was a significant positive relation between the severity of dysmenorrhea and its negative impact on adolescents' school attendance (r=0.416; p<0.00001). The odds of a negative impact on adolescents' physical and social activities and school attendance were significantly higher in adolescents experiencing moderate and severe dysmenorrhea than in adolescents with mild dysmenorrhea.
Topics: Female; Adolescent; Humans; Dysmenorrhea; Cross-Sectional Studies; Schools; Absenteeism; Social Behavior
PubMed: 38313177
DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0247 -
BMC Women's Health Feb 2024Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is an etiological cyclic pelvic pain related to the menstrual period; it can negatively impact women's quality of life and productivity. The...
BACKGROUND
Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is an etiological cyclic pelvic pain related to the menstrual period; it can negatively impact women's quality of life and productivity. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of PD and analyze associated symptoms in Brazilian women.
METHODS
An online cross-sectional study was carried out in Brazil, with a structured questionnaire regarding dysmenorrhea and associated symptoms. PD intensity was measured with the Numerical Rating Scale for Pain and classified as mild (1-3), moderate (4-7) and severe (> 8). The association between qualitative variables was performed using Pearson's Chi-Square Test. The quantification of this association was measured using multinomial logistic regression models, with calculation of Odds Ratio and confidence interval. A significance level of 5% was considered.
RESULTS
A total of 10,070 women were included. Most participants classified PD intensity as moderate (40.4%, 41.9% and 49.7%) and severe (21.2%, 24.8% and 28.4%) in the previous month, 3 months and 5 years, respectively. The most common symptoms associated with PD were irritability, abdominal distension sensation, anxiety and feeling more emotional. The increased of the risk (OR > 1.0) for moderate and severe PD-related pain intensity is related to age, nulliparity and presence PD since adolescence.
CONCLUSION
There is a high prevalence of PD among Brazilian women, and the most common symptoms reported were irritability, abdominal distension sensation, anxiety and feeling more emotional.
Topics: Adolescent; Female; Humans; Dysmenorrhea; Cross-Sectional Studies; Prevalence; Pain Measurement; Quality of Life
PubMed: 38311716
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02878-z -
Fertility and Sterility Jan 2011To raise awareness of forgotten intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs).
OBJECTIVE
To raise awareness of forgotten intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs).
DESIGN
Case report.
SETTING
District general hospital in London.
PATIENT(S)
Two women, one with secondary infertility and one with heavy, painful periods, both unaware they had an IUD.
INTERVENTION(S)
Removal of the forgotten IUD.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S)
Return of fertility and improvement in gynecologic symptoms.
RESULT(S)
After the removal of the IUD, the first patient who had had secondary infertility conceived within 1 month. In the second patient, the symptoms of menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea improved after removal of the IUD.
CONCLUSION(S)
Although it is rare, a forgotten IUD is a potential cause of unexplained infertility and a differential diagnosis for gynecologic symptoms.
Topics: Adult; Device Removal; Dysmenorrhea; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Intrauterine Devices; Ultrasonography; Uterus
PubMed: 20674913
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.06.075 -
The Journal of Pain Sep 2021Despite emerging evidence of associations between dysmenorrhea, enhanced pain sensitivity, and functional neuroimaging patterns consistent with chronic pain, it is...
Despite emerging evidence of associations between dysmenorrhea, enhanced pain sensitivity, and functional neuroimaging patterns consistent with chronic pain, it is unknown whether dysmenorrhea is prospectively associated with chronic pain development. Gaining a better understanding of this relationship could inform efforts in prevention of chronic pain. Using data from the national Midlife in the United States cohort, we examined the prospective association between dysmenorrhea and chronic pain development during a 10-year follow-up (starting 10 years after dysmenorrhea was measured) among 874 community-dwelling women aged 25-74 at baseline (when dysmenorrhea was measured). We fit modified Poisson regression models adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle and psychosocial factors. Among women who were menstruating at baseline, self-reported dysmenorrhea was associated with a 41% greater (95% confidence interval [CI] = 6%-88%) risk of developing chronic pain. Women with dysmenorrhea also developed chronic pain in more body regions (≥3 regions vs 1-2 regions vs none, odds ratio [OR] = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.18-2.64) and experienced greater pain interference (high-interference vs low-interference vs none, OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.15-2.59). Among women who had stopped menstruation at baseline, we did not find evidence of an association between their history of dysmenorrhea and subsequent risk of chronic pain development. Results suggest dysmenorrhea may be a general risk factor for chronic pain development among menstruating women. PERSPECTIVE: This study supports the temporality of dysmenorrhea and chronic pain development in a national female sample. Dysmenorrhea was also associated with developing more widespread and disabling pain among women who were still menstruating. Early management of dysmenorrhea may reduce the development and severity of chronic pain in women, although further research is required to determine whether dysmenorrhea is a causal risk factor or a risk marker of chronic pain.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Chronic Pain; Comorbidity; Dysmenorrhea; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Independent Living; Middle Aged; United States
PubMed: 33762206
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2021.03.139 -
Fertility and Sterility Dec 2022To review the use of oral gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists and synthesize their efficacy and safety parameters for the treatment of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To review the use of oral gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists and synthesize their efficacy and safety parameters for the treatment of endometriosis-associated pain.
DESIGN
Systematic review and network meta-analysis.
SETTING
Not applicable.
PATIENT(S)
Premenopausal women with endometriosis who had experienced moderate or severe pain.
INTERVENTION(S)
The Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and MEDLINE were searched until April 10, 2022. Only randomized controlled trials were included. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2. A Bayesian random-effects network meta-analysis was used to perform indirect comparisons. I was used to assess the global heterogeneity. Relative treatment estimates were performed. Treatment ranking was performed through the surface under the cumulative ranking curve. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S)
Endometriosis-associated pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and noncyclic pelvic pain reduction.
RESULT
(s): Five studies and 6 randomized controlled trials, including a total of 2,796 women and 10 different doses of oral GnRH antagonist treatments, were eligible for inclusion. All studies were considered to have a low risk of bias. Almost all efficacy- and safety-related outcomes showed a dose-response relationship. Regarding endometriosis-associated pain, the top 3 treatments were elagolix 400 mg, linzagolix 75 mg, and linzagolix 200 mg, with mean differences of -1.26 (95% credible interval [CrI], -1.70 to -0.79), -0.98 (95% CrI, -1.84 to -0.15), and -0.98 (95% CrI, -1.90 to -0.064), respectively. The top 3 treatments to decrease dysmenorrhea were relugolix 40 mg, elagolix 400 mg, and relugolix 20 mg, with mean differences of -1.60 (95% CrI, -2.07 to -1.14), -1.25 (95% CrI, -1.56 to -0.95), and -1.10 (95% CrI, -1.59 to -0.62), respectively. However, only high-dose treatments were significantly associated with most quality of life- and adverse effect-related outcomes. Relugolix 40 and 20 mg and elagolix 400 mg, with odds ratios of 6.88 (95% CrI, 2.18-24.58), 1.60 (95% CrI, 0.62-4.13), and 1.85 (95% CrI, 1.05-3.30), had a significantly increased incidence of adverse events.
CONCLUSION
(s): Oral GnRH antagonists are effective for endometriosis-associated pain and dysmenorrhea and the patient global impression. The incidence of ovarian hypoestrogenic effects in a short-term duration was significant in a dose-effect response, particularly the highest dose.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews registration number CRD42022332904.
Topics: Female; Humans; Bayes Theorem; Dysmenorrhea; Endometriosis; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Hormone Antagonists; Network Meta-Analysis; Pelvic Pain; Quality of Life
PubMed: 36283862
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.08.856 -
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology... Oct 2023To determine whether there is a correlation between stiffness measured by strain elastography and the severity of dysmenorrhea and to determine the value of elastography... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
To determine whether there is a correlation between stiffness measured by strain elastography and the severity of dysmenorrhea and to determine the value of elastography in evaluating severe dysmenorrhea in patients with adenomyosis.
METHODS
The correlation between tissue stiffness and dysmenorrhea was analyzed by performing elastography on premenopausal women diagnosed with adenomyosis. Expression levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) were detected by immunohistochemistry; the correlation of TGF-β and α-SMA levels with the tissue stiffness and the degree of fibrosis was further analyzed. Also, the relationship of the PGP9.5 expression level with the tissue stiffness and degree of dysmenorrhea was determined.
RESULTS
The degree of dysmenorrhea was significantly positively correlated with lesion stiffness in patients with adenomyosis but not with the uterine or lesion volume. The cutoff for the strain ratio was > 1.36 between the adenomyosis and control groups, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.987. For severe dysmenorrhea, the cutoff for the strain ratio was > 1.65 in patients with adenomyosis, with an AUC of 0.849. TGF-β, α-SMA, and PGP9.5 expression levels were higher in adenomyotic lesions than in the endometrium of the adenomyosis and control groups. Both TGF-β and α-SMA levels were positively correlated with the tissue stiffness and degree of fibrosis. Additionally, the expression level of PGP9.5 showed a positive correlation with the tissue stiffness and degree of dysmenorrhea.
CONCLUSIONS
Elastography can be used to evaluate the degree of dysmenorrhea; the greater the tissue stiffness, the greater the degree of dysmenorrhea. In addition, elastography performed well in the diagnosis of adenomyosis and the evaluation of severe dysmenorrhea in patients with adenomyosis.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adenomyosis; Dysmenorrhea; Elasticity Imaging Techniques; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Fibrosis
PubMed: 37884924
DOI: 10.1186/s12958-023-01145-y -
BMC Pediatrics Mar 2019Although dysmenorrhea is not a life-threatening condition, it can cause a substantial burden on individuals and communities. There is no data on the prevalence of...
BACKGROUND
Although dysmenorrhea is not a life-threatening condition, it can cause a substantial burden on individuals and communities. There is no data on the prevalence of dysmenorrhea in Kuwait. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of dysmenorrhea among female public high-school students in Kuwait and investigate factors associated with dysmenorrhea.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study using multistage cluster sampling with probability proportional to size method was conducted on 763 twelfth grade female public high-school students (aged 16-21 years). We used face-to-face interview with a structured questionnaire to collect data on dysmenorrhea and presumed risk factors. Weight and height of the students were measured using appropriate weight and height scales in a standardized manner. The association between dysmenorrhea and potential risk factors was assessed using multiple logistic regression.
RESULTS
The one-year prevalence of dysmenorrhea was found to be 85.6% (95%CI: 83.1-88.1%). Of the participants with dysmenorrhea, 26% visited a public or a private clinic for their pain and 4.1% were hospitalized for their menstrual pain. Furthermore, 58.2% of students with dysmenorrhea missed at least one school day and 13.9% missed at least one exam. Age of menarche (p-value = 0.005), regularity and flow of the menstrual period (p-value = 0.025, p-value = 0.009; respectively), and drinking coffee (p-value = 0.004) were significantly associated with dysmenorrhea in multivariable analysis.
CONCLUSION
Dysmenorrhea seems to be highly prevalent among female high-school students in Kuwait, resembling that of high-income countries. Because of the scale of the problem, utilizing school nurses to reassure and manage students with primary dysmenorrhea and referring suspected cases of secondary dysmenorrhea is recommended.
Topics: Adolescent; Coffee; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dysmenorrhea; Female; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Kuwait; Menarche; Menstrual Cycle; Multivariate Analysis; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; Students; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 30885151
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1442-6 -
International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2023Dysmenorrhea is highly prevalent, ranging from 16% to 91% among women, and it can lead to multiple reproductive disorders. However, risk factors associated with...
Dysmenorrhea is highly prevalent, ranging from 16% to 91% among women, and it can lead to multiple reproductive disorders. However, risk factors associated with dysmenorrhea remain unexamined. Cold exposures can significantly disturb blood circulation and prostaglandin production in the uterus, leading to dysmenorrhea. This study investigated the relationship between cold exposures and dysmenorrhea, as well as potential disparities between Asians and Whites and the potential cultural influences on these associations. This was a cross-sectional survey among 197 Asian and 222 non-Asian women recruited from the U.S., with more than 40% from California. We assessed cold exposures, such as the frequency of consumption of cold water/drinks and ice cream, as well as room temperatures at home and public places, for both summer and winter over the past 12 months. The type of cold exposure associated with dysmenorrhea differs between Asian and White women. We found that among Asian women, a higher frequency of ice cream consumption in winter (beta = 1.19, = 0.0002 when comparing high to low categories) was associated with dysmenorrhea; however, among White women, increased consumption of cold water/drinks in winter (beta = 0.49, = 0.04 when comparing high to low categories) was also associated with dysmenorrhea. Higher home room temperatures in winter were associated with reduced severity of dysmenorrhea among White women but not among Asian women. All these associations supported our hypothesis and were stronger among women who lived in states with colder winters. However, there are a few exceptions. For instance, women who drank cold water/drinks less frequently during their menstrual period were more likely to experience more severe dysmenorrhea. In conclusion, this study provides crucial evidence to support the link between cold exposures and dysmenorrhea among Asians and Whites. The associations contradictory to our hypothesis are likely due to reserved causation influenced by Asian cultural practice. This paper sheds light on an understudied area that profoundly affects women's quality of life.
Topics: Humans; Female; Dysmenorrhea; Cross-Sectional Studies; Quality of Life; White; Cold Temperature; Water
PubMed: 38248521
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010056 -
BMC Women's Health Nov 2023Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) affects women's physical and mental health. Depression, stress, sleep disturbance, and eating attitude problems have been known to influence...
BACKGROUND
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) affects women's physical and mental health. Depression, stress, sleep disturbance, and eating attitude problems have been known to influence PMS. Furthermore, restrictions of daily life due to the COVID-19 pandemic have led to changes in sleep patterns and eating attitudes. Thus, it is necessary to closely examine how these factors affect PMS. This study aimed to examine the levels of PMS, stress, depression, sleep disturbance, and eating attitude problems among female college students who experience dysmenorrhea and determine the factors associated with PMS.
METHODS
A cross-sectional online survey design was conducted using a convenience sample of 143 female college students in C City, South Korea. Data were collected from September 1 to 19, 2021 in South Korea using an online self-administered survey. Differences in participants' level of PMS according to physical health variables (e.g., smoking, water intake, menstrual pain intensity) and psychological issues (i.e., stress, depression, sleep disturbances, and eating attitude problems) were assessed with independent sample t-tests and one-way ANOVAs. Correlational analyses between these variables were also conducted. Additionally, multiple regression was performed to identify the factors influencing PMS.
RESULTS
PMS severity was between normal (27.3%) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) (72.7%). PMS was associated positively with depression (r = .284, p = 001), stress (r = .274, p = .001), sleep disturbance (r = .440, p < .001), and eating attitude problems (r = .266, p = .001). Additionally, menstrual pain intensity (β = 0.204), sleep disturbances (β = 0.375), and eating attitude problems (β = 0.202) were found to influence PMS. The regression model was significant (F = 16.553, p < .001) with an explanatory power of 24.7%.
CONCLUSIONS
Considering the influencing factors of PMS identified in this study, interventions for participants experiencing PMS should be made. We propose that further study should be conducted to examine whether the severity of PMS changes according to menstrual pain, the pattern and degree of its change, and the paths through which sleep quality and eating attitude problems affect PMS.
Topics: Female; Humans; Dysmenorrhea; Cross-Sectional Studies; Pandemics; Premenstrual Syndrome; Students
PubMed: 37950208
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02752-y -
International Journal of Environmental... Sep 2020Dysmenorrhea is a cause of absenteeism in universities which, in the context of nursing studies, may affect mandatory attendance. Moreover, presenteeism is associated...
Dysmenorrhea is a cause of absenteeism in universities which, in the context of nursing studies, may affect mandatory attendance. Moreover, presenteeism is associated with medication errors, patient falls, and a reduced quality of patient care. This study sought to identify the degree of interference of dysmenorrhea on daily life and its impact on academic performance among Spanish nursing students, and to explore the reasons for presenteeism. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 261 nursing students. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The chi square tests, chi-square linear trend, Student's -test, one-way analysis of variance of polynomial contrasts, and post hoc tests for the bi-variate analysis were used to compare the participants' responses regarding their type of dysmenorrhea and pain intensity. In addition, a multivariate regression was performed to predict absenteeism. The answers to the open questions were analyzed using thematic content analysis techniques. We observed 62.8% of absenteeism and 92.7% of presenteeism due to dysmenorrhea. Absenteeism was observed to be 3.079 (confidence interval (CI): 95%1.724-5.499; < 0.001) times more likely among women with severe menstrual pain, 2.513 (CI 95%1.314-4.807; = 0.005) times more in those suffering from menstrual nausea and 1.936 (CI 95%1.098-3.411; = 0.022) times more frequent in those suffering from diarrhea. The reasons for presenteeism were grouped into five categories: the pain was bearable, it is not a reason to be absent, others don't consider it a reason to be absent, responsibility and guilt, and academic consequences. Dysmenorrhea can have a significant impact on academic performance. The concern among students about the academic repercussions and even feelings of guilt and incomprehension from others leads to high rates of presenteeism with potentially negative consequences for patient care.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Dysmenorrhea; Female; Humans; Prevalence; Quality of Life; Students, Nursing; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 32899505
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186473