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Audiology & Neuro-otology 2019Several otologic conditions can present with fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss, including Ménière's disease, autoimmune inner ear disease, and enlarged vestibular... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Several otologic conditions can present with fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss, including Ménière's disease, autoimmune inner ear disease, and enlarged vestibular aqueduct. Although these 3 etiologies vary greatly, distinguishing between these conditions at initial presentation can be challenging. Furthermore, initial treatment of these conditions is often similar. In this review, we discuss historical and current perspectives on diagnosis and treatment of these conditions.
SUMMARY
A literature search was performed regarding fluctuating hearing loss, and current treatment of these etiologies of fluctuating hearing loss was summarized. Immediate measures at the onset of acute hearing loss include corticosteroid therapy, while preventative and chronic therapies, which can limit disease severity and frequency, vary based on the specific condition treated. Key Messages: Fluctuating hearing loss can represent a range of pathologies, but the precise etiology may not be clear at initial presentation. Timely treatment and long-term follow-up, along with appropriate diagnostics, are necessary to optimize long-term hearing.
Topics: Endolymphatic Hydrops; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural; Hearing Tests; Humans; Meniere Disease
PubMed: 31315108
DOI: 10.1159/000500658 -
Clinical Otolaryngology : Official... Oct 2015
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Ear Diseases; Eustachian Tube; Humans; Otolaryngology
PubMed: 26347263
DOI: 10.1111/coa.12475 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2022Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by systemic dysfunction of exocrine glands, mainly the salivary and lachrymal glands. Sjögren's... (Review)
Review
Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by systemic dysfunction of exocrine glands, mainly the salivary and lachrymal glands. Sjögren's syndrome consists of two forms: primary Sjögren's syndrome, which is characterized by dry eyes and dry mouth without autoimmune diseases; and secondary Sjögren's syndrome, which is characterized by symptoms associated with other autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus. Disease severities vary considerably from mild glandular dryness to severe glandular involvement with numerous extraglandular and systemic features. Sensorineural hearing loss is sometimes observed in both primary and secondary Sjögren's syndrome. This review article consists of (1) Pathology of Sjögren's syndrome, (2) Clinical manifestation of Sjögren's syndrome, (3) Autoimmune inner ear disease, (4) Histoanatomical features of the inner ear, (5) Immunological characteristics of the inner ear, (6) Pathophysiology of autoimmune inner ear disease, (7) Treatment for sensorineural hearing loss in Sjögren's syndrome, and (8) Future direction. Finally, we introduce a recently developed disease model of salivary gland inflammation and discuss future expectations for the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss in Sjögren's syndrome.
Topics: Exocrine Glands; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural; Humans; Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca; Labyrinth Diseases; Sjogren's Syndrome
PubMed: 36232483
DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911181 -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Aug 2023Lyme disease after a tick bite often presents as erythema migrans, yet less frequent variants of this disease, such as Borrelia lymphocytoma, multiple erythema migrans...
BACKGROUND
Lyme disease after a tick bite often presents as erythema migrans, yet less frequent variants of this disease, such as Borrelia lymphocytoma, multiple erythema migrans and neuroborreliosis, are also seen occasionally.
CASE PRESENTATION
We report a case of a tick-bitten child who first presented with an indistinct macular erythema around the left eye and a more distinct macular erythema on and around the left ear. The next day, she developed a facial palsy.
INTERPRETATION
The case was interpreted as facial multiple erythema migrans and Borrelia lymphocytoma on the ear, followed by neuroborreliosis. The diagnosis of lymphocytoma was made from clinical findings and PCR of skin biopsy. She recovered quickly after intravenous ceftriaxone and is now healthy.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Ear Diseases; Erythema Chronicum Migrans; Facial Dermatoses; Facial Paralysis; Lyme Neuroborreliosis; Pseudolymphoma; Tick Bites; Lyme Disease; Skin Diseases, Bacterial
PubMed: 37589351
DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.23.0159 -
Sexually Transmitted Diseases May 2020The number of cases of syphilis has increased in the United States and in many high-income nations. Otosyphilis is a less recognized complication of syphilis that can... (Review)
Review
The number of cases of syphilis has increased in the United States and in many high-income nations. Otosyphilis is a less recognized complication of syphilis that can lead to irreversible sensorineural hearing loss. Different pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed to explain hearing loss in otosyphilis. We review the literature on otosyphilis in adults and propose the need for future work in this field to identify better ways to diagnose, treat, and manage this disease. Patients with syphilis should be screened routinely for hearing loss, and all patients with new, sudden, or fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss should be evaluated for syphilis.
Topics: Adult; Ear Diseases; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural; Hearing Tests; Humans; Syphilis
PubMed: 32149965
DOI: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000001155 -
Medical Science Monitor : International... Dec 2013In recent years, huge advances have taken place in understanding of inner ear pathophysiology causing sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo. Advances in... (Review)
Review
In recent years, huge advances have taken place in understanding of inner ear pathophysiology causing sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo. Advances in understanding comprise biochemical and physiological research of stimulus perception and conduction, inner ear homeostasis, and hereditary diseases with underlying genetics. This review describes and tabulates the various causes of inner ear disease and defines inner ear and non-inner ear causes of hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo. The aim of this review was to comprehensively breakdown this field of otorhinolaryngology for specialists and non-specialists and to discuss current therapeutic options in distinct diseases and promising research for future therapies, especially pharmaceutic, genetic, or stem cell therapy.
Topics: Genetic Therapy; Humans; Labyrinth Diseases; Models, Biological; Otolaryngology; Stem Cell Transplantation
PubMed: 24362017
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.889815 -
Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2022
Topics: Ear Diseases; Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases; Humans; Neck; Nose; Nose Diseases; Pharynx; Rheumatology
PubMed: 34732358
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2021.05.015 -
Head and Neck Pathology Sep 2018Neural, sclerosing, and myofibroblastic lesions of the ear and temporal bone present diagnostic challenges for both clinicians and pathologists due to significant... (Review)
Review
Neural, sclerosing, and myofibroblastic lesions of the ear and temporal bone present diagnostic challenges for both clinicians and pathologists due to significant overlap in their clinical presentations, histologic appearances, and immunohistochemical profiles. While some of these lesions, such as schwannomas, are relatively common, others are rendered even more difficult because they are encountered very rarely in routine surgical pathology practice. This review is intended to provide an update on the pathology of some of the most commonly encountered primary diagnostic entities for the ear and temporal bone, and includes the following neural lesions: schwannoma, meningioma, and encephalocele/meningocele. Sclerosing lesions that will be discussed include spindle cell and sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma, sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma, and sclerosing paraganglioma. Finally, myofibroblastic lesions that will be reviewed are nodular fasciitis, IgG4-related disease, and solitary fibrous tumor. For each of these lesions, the differential diagnosis and useful ancillary tests will be discussed in the context of a broad range of additional primary and secondary lesions.
Topics: Bone Diseases; Ear Diseases; Humans; Temporal Bone
PubMed: 30069839
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-018-0891-9 -
Head and Neck Pathology Sep 2018Although the majority of conditions involving the ear and temporal bone are inflammatory or epithelial based, cartilage and osseous entities will also be encountered.... (Review)
Review
Although the majority of conditions involving the ear and temporal bone are inflammatory or epithelial based, cartilage and osseous entities will also be encountered. The pathologic examination of these underlying cartilaginous and osseous structures and their histologic findings and associated differential diagnoses will be discussed. Correlation with clinical and imaging findings are also critical for accurate determination of the pathologic entity.
Topics: Bone Diseases; Bone and Bones; Cartilage; Cartilage Diseases; Ear Diseases; Humans; Temporal Bone
PubMed: 30069840
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-018-0949-8 -
Cancer Jun 2016Ototoxicity is a well-established toxicity associated with a subgroup of antineoplastic therapies that includes platinum chemotherapy, radiation or surgery involving the... (Review)
Review
Ototoxicity is a well-established toxicity associated with a subgroup of antineoplastic therapies that includes platinum chemotherapy, radiation or surgery involving the ear and auditory nerve, and supportive care agents such as aminoglycoside antibiotics and loop diuretics. The reported prevalence of ototoxicity in patients who have received potentially ototoxic therapy ranges from 4% to 90% depending on factors such as age of the patient population, agent(s) used, cumulative dose, and administration techniques. The impact of ototoxicity on subsequent health-related and psychosocial outcomes in these patients can be substantial, and the burden of morbidity related to ototoxic agents is particularly high in very young children. Considerable interindividual variability in the prevalence and severity of ototoxicity has been observed among patients receiving similar treatment, suggesting genetic susceptibility as a risk factor. The development and testing of otoprotective agents is ongoing; however, to the author's knowledge, no US Food and Drug Administration-approved otoprotectants are currently available. Prospective monitoring for ototoxicity allows for comparison of auditory outcomes across clinical trials, as well as for early detection, potential alterations in therapy, and auditory intervention and rehabilitation to ameliorate the adverse consequences of hearing loss. Cancer 2016;122:1647-58. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Topics: Age Factors; Antineoplastic Agents; Ear; Ear Diseases; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Hearing Loss; Humans; Medical Illustration; Neoplasms; Postoperative Complications; Prevalence; Radiation Injuries; Radiotherapy; Tinnitus; Vertigo
PubMed: 26859792
DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29779