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Head and Neck Pathology Sep 2018Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the ear are uncommon primary tumors. There is a reported debate in the literature as to the true nature of these tumors and how to classify... (Review)
Review
Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the ear are uncommon primary tumors. There is a reported debate in the literature as to the true nature of these tumors and how to classify them. However, there is a kind of consensus that they can represent a spectrum of a common entity with dual glandular and neuroendocrine differentiation. The differential diagnosis of these tumors is broad but their morphologic, immunohistochemical, and radiographic features help to differentiate them from other entities. The tumors have mostly bland histology and indolent biological behavior, yet they may recur and metastasize. It is important to accurately recognize these tumors in order to perform the right management and limit their morbidity. In this article, we review the pathogenesis, histology, immunohistochemical features of neurornedocrine neoplasms of the ear and we discuss their differential diagnosis, clinical behavior and management.
Topics: Ear Neoplasms; Humans; Neuroendocrine Tumors
PubMed: 30069842
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-018-0924-4 -
Acta Oto-laryngologica Feb 2022Ear canal and middle ear tumors are rare and exhibit variability in histology and clinical manifestation. Surgical resection remains the treatment of choice, but...
BACKGROUND
Ear canal and middle ear tumors are rare and exhibit variability in histology and clinical manifestation. Surgical resection remains the treatment of choice, but individualized approach is needed to preserve function when possible.
AIMS/OBJECTIVES
To review the management and outcome of ear canal and middle ear tumors at an academic referral center.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Helsinki University Hospital (HUS) patient files were searched for clinically and histologically confirmed ear canal and middle ear tumors over a 14-year period. The minimum follow-up time was 2 years.
RESULTS
Eighty-seven patients with 88 tumors were identified. There were 20 (23%) benign external auditory canal (EAC), 36 (41%) benign middle ear space (MES), 29 (33%) malignant EAC, and 3 (3%) malignant MES tumors. Most (92%) tumors were managed with primary resection. Thirty-five percent of the operatively managed patients had a residual or a recurrent tumor.
CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE
EAC and MES tumors show great diagnostic and histologic heterogeneity with need for individualized investigative and treatment approaches. In benign tumors, we advocate aggressive local surgical control without sacrificing vital structures. In malignant tumors, we recommend local surgical control with or without adjunct RT.
Topics: Ear Canal; Ear Neoplasms; Ear, Middle; Humans; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35148225
DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2022.2032824 -
Head and Neck Pathology Sep 2018Ceruminous glands are modified apocrine glands located in the external auditory canal (EAC). Neoplastic lesions arising from these glands are rare in humans and... (Review)
Review
Ceruminous glands are modified apocrine glands located in the external auditory canal (EAC). Neoplastic lesions arising from these glands are rare in humans and constitute a major differential diagnosis for glandular neoplasms of the EAC. Due to anatomic restrictions, benign and malignant neoplasms present with similar symptoms and to some extent even comparable radiologic features, particularly when the tumors are localized. Biopsies are frequently limited by small size, fragmentation and improper anatomic and architectural orientation, thereby hampering our ability to appreciate the relationship of peripheral edges of the tumor to the surrounding tissue. Benign and malignant tumors may also have overlapping histomorphologic features, which further magnifies the challenges in accurate diagnosis and management strategies. This article summarizes the salient clinical, radiologic and histologic features of common ceruminous gland tumors, in addition to discussing features that can aid in differentiating ceruminous tumors from other EAC tumors and to distinguish benign from malignant entities.
Topics: Apocrine Glands; Ear Canal; Ear Neoplasms; Humans; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial
PubMed: 30069843
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-018-0909-3 -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... Mar 2004There are several disease processes of the ear and pinna that warrant surgical intervention. This article reviews surgical anatomy and common surgical procedures of the... (Review)
Review
There are several disease processes of the ear and pinna that warrant surgical intervention. This article reviews surgical anatomy and common surgical procedures of the ear and pinna, including aural hematomas, lateral wall resection, vertical ear canal resection, total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy, partial pinna resection, and feline inflammatory polyps. The clinical signs, diagnosis, and surgical treatment along with potential complications for each disease process are discussed.
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cat Diseases; Cats; Chronic Disease; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Ear Canal; Ear Diseases; Ear Neoplasms; Ear, External; Hematoma; Lacerations; Nasopharynx; Osteotomy; Otitis Externa; Polyps; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 15062625
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2003.10.011 -
Current Treatment Options in Oncology Jan 2022Malignant tumors of the external auditory canal (EAC) are rare tumors in the head and neck. Delayed diagnosis is not uncommon because the symptoms of early tumors are... (Review)
Review
Malignant tumors of the external auditory canal (EAC) are rare tumors in the head and neck. Delayed diagnosis is not uncommon because the symptoms of early tumors are nonspecific. Various surgical and oncological treatment modalities have been reported. Decision-making depends on pathological feature and stage of the lesions, patient's general condition and preference, and physician's experience and skill. Radical surgery is widely accepted as the primary treatment of choice. Postoperative radiotherapy is used more often to improve local and regional control of the disease. Chemotherapy is usually recommended for advanced disease, residual disease, and metastasis. Prognosis is affected by multiple factors such as TNM stage, surgical margin, pathological type and differentiation of tumor, involvement of facial nerve, and so on. Although the survival rate is improved significantly over the past several decades with the development of skull base surgery, neuroradiology, anesthesiology, and oncology, it remains challenging to diagnose and treat EAC malignancies due to the rarity, the local anatomical complexity of temporal bone, and the lack of standard TNM staging system.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Ear Canal; Ear Neoplasms; Humans; Neoplasm Staging; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35167009
DOI: 10.1007/s11864-021-00931-3 -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... May 2019The International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR) was established to internationally unify and standardize the pathologic reporting of cancers based on... (Review)
Review
The International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR) was established to internationally unify and standardize the pathologic reporting of cancers based on collected evidence, as well as to allow systematic multi-institutional intercountry data collection to guide cancer care in the future. Such collaborative efforts are particularly essential for developing an evidence base for rare neoplasms or those with marked geographic variation in incidence, such as the tumors of the ear and the temporal bone. The ear and the temporal bone, including the external auditory canal and the middle and inner ear, with the closely associated facial nerve, internal carotid artery, and internal jugular vein, is one of the most complex anatomic structures in the head and neck. A wide range of benign and malignant neoplasms arise in this region. The management of these neoplasms involves complex surgery because of the anatomic confines, and as such, both benign and malignant tumors are included in this data set, as the oncologically equivalent management requires a multidisciplinary approach and standardized nomenclature and terminology. Surgical procedures at this site result in multifaceted 3-dimensional specimens that can be difficult to handle at macroscopic exam. A comprehensive macroscopic examination is important for identifying critical prognostic factors and often requires clinical and radiologic correlation. Histologic examination is straightforward for basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma but can be quite challenging for other neoplasms. A summary of the ICCR guidelines for ear tumors is presented, along with discussion of the salient evidence and practical issues.
Topics: Datasets as Topic; Ear Neoplasms; Humans; Pathology, Clinical; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Research Design; Temporal Bone
PubMed: 30500288
DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2018-0415-SA -
BMJ Case Reports Sep 2023The incidence of sebaceous carcinoma (SC) in the outer one-third of the external auditory canal is considered extremely rare, and only eight case reports have been...
The incidence of sebaceous carcinoma (SC) in the outer one-third of the external auditory canal is considered extremely rare, and only eight case reports have been published. We present a case of a male patient in his late 70s known case of hypertension on indapamide. His medical history included a postspinal tumour that had been treated with surgery and radiation more than 40 years ago and current complaints of right ear pain and purulent discharge. A right ear soft granular tissue mass was found. Complete debulking of the right ear mass was done in conjunction with middle ear exploration, moderately differentiated SC diagnosis was made based on the histopathological analysis. The patient was free of recurrence but then died of an unrelated pulmonary infection. SC should be suspected in elderly patients who present with long-term complaints of a mass with or without otalgia, and these patients should be examined for the presence of such tumours especially if they report a history of radiation. Additionally, more research is warranted to investigate the association of diuretics with SC.
Topics: Humans; Male; Aged; Ear Canal; Ear Diseases; Ear, Middle; Earache; Carcinoma; Ear Neoplasms
PubMed: 37775279
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-255038 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Sep 2017
Topics: Ear Neoplasms; Humans; Rhabdomyoma
PubMed: 28931187
DOI: 10.1177/014556131709600904 -
Current Medical Imaging 2023Teratoma is a true neoplasm composed of a number of different types of tissue derived from the three germinal layers but rarely occurs in the middle ear (ME). The...
BACKGROUND
Teratoma is a true neoplasm composed of a number of different types of tissue derived from the three germinal layers but rarely occurs in the middle ear (ME). The features of middle ear teratomas (MET) have not been well described.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study is to explore the clinical and imaging features of MET, and report 2 rare cases of MET with ear malformation that have never been reported.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The clinical, CT and MRI data of 8 patients with a pathological diagnosis of MET were collected and retrospectively mined, and 14 patients with MET reported in previous literature were also reviewed.
RESULTS
① Female, left ear predominance in MET, and the most common symptoms were otorrhea and hearing loss. ② On CT and MRI, the MET presented as an irregular soft tissue mass that was heterogeneous, with fatty tissue and involved multiple sites, and the ET and tympanum were correspondingly expanded and locally destroyed. ③ Mictotia with MET in two patients was presented, which was the first report.
CONCLUSION
MET has female sex and left ear predominance. CT and MRI can be used to diagnose MET and display its extent and its relationship to the carotid canal in detail. Complete surgical excision is the definitive treatment.
Topics: Humans; Female; Retrospective Studies; Ear Neoplasms; Ear, Middle; Teratoma; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 36650647
DOI: 10.2174/1573405619666230117140658 -
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Oct 2022Ear canal neoplasia is uncommon in cats. Ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma is the most frequently reported malignant neoplasm of the feline ear canal, and squamous cell... (Review)
Review
CASE SERIES SUMMARY
Ear canal neoplasia is uncommon in cats. Ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma is the most frequently reported malignant neoplasm of the feline ear canal, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignant neoplasm diagnosed in the feline middle ear. However, limited information exists on the outcome of cats diagnosed with SCC of the ear canal, middle or inner ear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe the outcome of cats diagnosed with SCC affecting these locations. Medical records were reviewed at multiple institutions to identify cats with a definitive diagnosis of SCC. Twenty-five cats were identified. Eleven cats were treated with surgery, eight with medical management, two with coarse fractionated radiation therapy, two with a combination of coarse fractionated radiation therapy and chemotherapy, one with a combination of surgery and coarse fractionated radiation therapy, one cat with systemic chemotherapy and one cat received no treatment following diagnosis. The median survival time of cats treated with surgery was 168 days vs 85 days ( = 0.28) for those treated palliatively with either medical management, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of radiation therapy and chemotherapy.
RELEVANCE AND NOVEL INFORMATION
This case series documented that SCC of the ear canal, middle and/or internal ear is a locally aggressive tumor that carries an overall poor prognosis. The median survival time for cats treated with surgery was longer than that with any other modality, but this difference was not statistically significant.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Animals; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cat Diseases; Cats; Ear Canal; Ear Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 36066435
DOI: 10.1177/1098612X221119144