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International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2023Eating disorders are complex diseases with multifactorial causes. According to the and the , the major types of eating disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia... (Review)
Review
Eating disorders are complex diseases with multifactorial causes. According to the and the , the major types of eating disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. The prevalence of eating disorders is alarmingly increasing globally. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to more development and worsening of eating disorders. Patients with eating disorders exhibit high rates of psychiatric comorbidities and medical comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. This paper aims to review and discuss the comorbidities of eating disorders with those metabolic diseases. Eating disorder treatment typically includes a combination of some or all approaches such as psychotherapy, nutrition education, and medications. Early detection and intervention are important for the treatment of eating disorders.
Topics: Humans; Pandemics; COVID-19; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Bulimia Nervosa; Metabolic Diseases; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
PubMed: 36767812
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032446 -
Child and Adolescent Psychiatric... Oct 2019Eating disorders are severe psychiatric illnesses with a typical age of onset in adolescence. Brain research in youth and young adults may help us identify specific... (Review)
Review
Eating disorders are severe psychiatric illnesses with a typical age of onset in adolescence. Brain research in youth and young adults may help us identify specific neurobiology that contributes to onset and maintenance of those disorders. This article provides a state-of-the-art review of our current understanding of the neurobiology of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. This includes brain structure and function studies to understand food restriction, binge-eating or purging behaviors, cognitive and emotional factors, as well as interoception. Binge-eating disorder and avoidant restrictive food intake disorder are also discussed, but the literature is still very small.
Topics: Adolescent; Anorexia Nervosa; Binge-Eating Disorder; Brain; Bulimia Nervosa; Child; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Nerve Net; Neurobiology; Young Adult
PubMed: 31443880
DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2019.05.007 -
Internal Medicine Journal Jan 2020This article presents current diagnostic conceptualisations of eating disorders, including new disorders such as binge eating disorder (BED) and avoidant/restrictive...
This article presents current diagnostic conceptualisations of eating disorders, including new disorders such as binge eating disorder (BED) and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). This is followed by contemporary findings in the epidemiology of eating disorders, their broad sociodemographic distribution and the increases in community prevalence. Advances and the current status of evidence-based treatment and outcomes for the main eating disorders, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and BED are discussed with focus on first-line psychological therapies. Deficits in knowledge and directions for further research are highlighted, particularly with regard to treatments for BED and ARFID, how to improve treatment engagement and the management of osteopenia.
Topics: Anorexia Nervosa; Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder; Binge-Eating Disorder; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Bulimia Nervosa; Drug Therapy; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Humans; Prevalence; Psychotherapy; Refeeding Syndrome
PubMed: 31943622
DOI: 10.1111/imj.14691 -
Eating and Weight Disorders : EWD Aug 2022The concept of "Food Addiction" has been based on criteria of Substance Use Disorder. Several studies suggested a relationship between food addiction and eating... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
The concept of "Food Addiction" has been based on criteria of Substance Use Disorder. Several studies suggested a relationship between food addiction and eating disorders, but little is known about its extent or role. We aim at exploring if food addiction is coincident with a specific eating disorder (binge eating disorder appears the closest) or it is a separate diagnostic entity that afflicts in comorbidity with eating disorders or other conditions like obesity or even in the general population.
METHODS
This systematic review and meta-analysis analyzed observational studies with a comparative estimation on rates of subjects affected by binge eating disorder and food addiction.
RESULTS
Binge eating disorder shows higher comorbidity with food addiction compared to other eating disorders (OR = 1.33, 95% CI, 0.64-2.76; c = 4.42; p = 0.44;I = 0%), or each eating disorder [anorexia nervosa purging type (OR = 1.93, 95% CI, 0.20-18.92; p = 0.57) and restrictive type (OR = 8.75, 95% CI, 1.08-70.70; p = 0.04)], obese patients (OR = 5.72, 95% CI, 3.25-10.09; p = < 0.0001) and individuals from the general population (OR = 55.41, 95% CI, 8.16-376.10; c = 18.50; p < 0.0001; I = 0%)but has decreased prevalence when compared to bulimia nervosa (OR = 0.85, 95% CI, 0.33-2.22; c = 0.35; p = 0.74; I = 0%).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
Our data show that the prevalence of food addiction in binge eating disorder is higher than in other eating disorders except in bulimia nervosa. Moreover, it is a separate diagnostic reality and can be detected in people without mental illness and in the general population. Food addiction might have a prognostic value, since in comorbidity, and should be addressed to boost treatment efficacy and patient's recovery.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
I: Evidence obtained systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
Topics: Anorexia Nervosa; Binge-Eating Disorder; Bulimia Nervosa; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Food Addiction; Humans; Obesity; Observational Studies as Topic
PubMed: 35041154
DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01354-7 -
Nutricion Hospitalaria Aug 2022Background: eating disorders are a group of conditions in which negative beliefs about food, body shape, and body weight together with behaviors such as restricted food...
Background: eating disorders are a group of conditions in which negative beliefs about food, body shape, and body weight together with behaviors such as restricted food intake, binge eating, excessive exercise, self-induced vomiting, and use of laxatives. They can become serious, affect quality of life, and lead to multiple physical and even psychiatric complications with a fatal outcome. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the characteristics, epidemiology, and trends of eating disorders with updated information based on the most recent publications. Methods: we conducted a systematic literature search in Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of Science. The search terms were "anorexia nervosa", "bulimia nervosa", "binge eating disorders" and "epidemiology" both in titles and in abstracts. Results and conclusions: EDs generally occur in adolescents and young adults. The best characterized TCAs are anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (TA). Prevalence studies indicate wide differences by age group and sex, much higher in young women (NA, 0.1-2 %; BN, 0.37-2.98 %; BED, 0.62-4.45 %). The prevalence of EDs is 2.2 % (0.2-13.1 %) in Europe, 3.5 % (0.6-7.8 %) in Asia, and 4.6 % (2.0-13.5 %) in America. Comorbidity is high with psychiatric problems such as depression, anxiety, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and personality disorders.
Topics: Adolescent; Anorexia; Binge-Eating Disorder; Bulimia; Bulimia Nervosa; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Female; Humans; Male; Quality of Life; Young Adult
PubMed: 35748385
DOI: 10.20960/nh.04173 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jul 2023Eating disorders (EDs) are characterized by severe disturbances in eating behaviors and can sometimes be fatal. Eating disorders are also associated with distressing... (Review)
Review
Eating disorders (EDs) are characterized by severe disturbances in eating behaviors and can sometimes be fatal. Eating disorders are also associated with distressing thoughts and emotions. They can be severe conditions affecting physical, psychological, and social functions. Preoccupation with food, body weight, and shape may also play an important role in the regulation of eating disorders. Common eating disorders have three major types: anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED). In some cases, EDs can have serious consequences for an individual's physical and mental health. These disorders often develop during adolescence or early adulthood and affect both males and females, although they are more commonly diagnosed in young adult females. Treatment for EDs typically involves a combination of therapy, nutrition counseling, and medical care. In this narrative review, the authors summarized what is known of EDs and discussed the future directions that may be worth exploring in this emerging area.
Topics: Male; Female; Young Adult; Adolescent; Humans; Adult; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Bulimia Nervosa; Binge-Eating Disorder; Anorexia Nervosa; Body Weight
PubMed: 37510558
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20146325 -
Current Psychiatry Reports Jul 2022Identifying medications that may be used as therapeutic agents for eating disorders is a longstanding focus of research, with varying degrees of success. The present... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Identifying medications that may be used as therapeutic agents for eating disorders is a longstanding focus of research, with varying degrees of success. The present review consolidates the most recent findings on pharmacological treatment of three eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED).
RECENT FINDINGS
Recent research suggests that olanzapine demonstrates positive effects on weight gain among outpatients with AN. There are fewer recent advances in psychopharmacological treatment for BN and BED, likely due to the relative success of prior medication trials. Olanzapine is the first medication to safely promote weight gain among individuals with AN. Fluoxetine is FDA-approved for BN treatment, and lisdexamfetamine is FDA-approved for BED treatment. BN and BED also generally respond well to SSRIs prescribed off-label. Research on psychopharmacological treatments for other eating disorders, such as avoidant-restrictive food intake disorder and other specified feeding and eating disorders, are sorely needed.
Topics: Anorexia Nervosa; Binge-Eating Disorder; Bulimia Nervosa; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Humans; Olanzapine; Weight Gain
PubMed: 35576089
DOI: 10.1007/s11920-022-01340-5 -
The Psychiatric Clinics of North America Sep 2010Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the leading evidence-based treatment for bulimia nervosa. A new "enhanced" version of the treatment appears to be more potent and... (Review)
Review
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the leading evidence-based treatment for bulimia nervosa. A new "enhanced" version of the treatment appears to be more potent and has the added advantage of being suitable for all eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa and eating disorder not otherwise specified. This article reviews the evidence supporting CBT in the treatment of eating disorders and provides an account of the "transdiagnostic" theory that underpins the enhanced form of the treatment. It ends with an outline of the treatment's main strategies and procedures.
Topics: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Humans; Models, Psychological; Patient Participation; Self Concept
PubMed: 20599136
DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2010.04.004 -
Psychiatria Danubina Oct 2023Psychiatric comorbidity is present in more than 70% of people with an Eating Disorders (ED), before or during the acute state of illness or in the long-term course....
Psychiatric comorbidity is present in more than 70% of people with an Eating Disorders (ED), before or during the acute state of illness or in the long-term course. These comorbidities include personality disorders (>53%), anxiety disorders (>50%), mood disorders (>40%) and substance abuse (>10%). This work aims to analyse the different treatments available for patients affected by eating disorders and other psychiatric comorbidity.
Topics: Humans; Anorexia Nervosa; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Personality Disorders; Anxiety Disorders; Comorbidity; Bulimia Nervosa
PubMed: 37800230
DOI: No ID Found -
Child and Adolescent Psychiatric... Oct 2019Eating disorders are serious psychiatric disorders, associated with significant psychiatric and medical consequences. Although traditionally considered a female... (Review)
Review
Eating disorders are serious psychiatric disorders, associated with significant psychiatric and medical consequences. Although traditionally considered a female disorder, more recent evidence has determined that EDs among males are not uncommon and are equally severe in symptom presentation. Among youth and adolescent males, certain factors increase the risk for ED, including muscularity-focused body image concerns and sexual orientation. Future study of these and other factors that may increase the risk for or maintain EDs among adolescent males is critical to improving screening, assessment, and precision treatment efforts.
Topics: Adolescent; Anorexia Nervosa; Binge-Eating Disorder; Body Image; Child; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Global Health; Humans; Male; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 31443881
DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2019.05.012