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Cell Host & Microbe Feb 2021The intestinal epithelium senses nutritional and microbial stimuli using epithelial sensory enteroendocrine cells (EEC). EECs communicate nutritional information to the...
The intestinal epithelium senses nutritional and microbial stimuli using epithelial sensory enteroendocrine cells (EEC). EECs communicate nutritional information to the nervous system, but whether they also relay signals from intestinal microbes remains unknown. Using in vivo real-time measurements of EEC and nervous system activity in zebrafish, we discovered that the bacteria Edwardsiella tarda activate EECs through the receptor transient receptor potential ankyrin A1 (Trpa1) and increase intestinal motility. Microbial, pharmacological, or optogenetic activation of Trpa1EECs directly stimulates vagal sensory ganglia and activates cholinergic enteric neurons by secreting the neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). A subset of indole derivatives of tryptophan catabolism produced by E. tarda and other gut microbes activates zebrafish EEC Trpa1 signaling. These catabolites also directly stimulate human and mouse Trpa1 and intestinal 5-HT secretion. These results establish a molecular pathway by which EECs regulate enteric and vagal neuronal pathways in response to microbial signals.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Genetically Modified; Cholinergic Neurons; Edwardsiella tarda; Enteric Nervous System; Enteroendocrine Cells; Gastrointestinal Motility; Intestinal Mucosa; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; Serotonin; Signal Transduction; TRPA1 Cation Channel; Tryptophan; Zebrafish; Zebrafish Proteins
PubMed: 33352109
DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.11.011 -
Communications Biology Jun 2022Edwardsiella tarda is a well-known bacterial pathogen with a broad range of host, including fish, amphibians, and mammals. One eminent virulence feature of E. tarda is...
Edwardsiella tarda is a well-known bacterial pathogen with a broad range of host, including fish, amphibians, and mammals. One eminent virulence feature of E. tarda is its strong ability to resist the killing of host serum complement, but the involving mechanism is unclear. In this report, we identified E. tarda TraT as a key player in both complement resistance and cellular invasion. TraT, a surface-localized protein, bound and recruited complement factor H onto E. tarda, whereby inhibiting complement activation via the alternative pathway. TraT also interacted with host CD46 in a specific complement control protein domain-dependent manner, whereby facilitating the cellular infection and tissue dissemination of E. tarda. Thus, by acting as an anti-complement factor and a cellular infection promoter, TraT makes an important contribution to the complement evasion and systemic infection of E. tarda. These results add insights into the pathogen-host interaction mechanism during E. tarda infection.
Topics: Animals; Edwardsiella tarda; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Fishes; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Mammals; Virulence
PubMed: 35768577
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03587-3 -
Biomolecules Aug 2021is a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen with a broad range of hosts, including fish and mammals. In the present study, we used an advanced antibody array technology to...
is a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen with a broad range of hosts, including fish and mammals. In the present study, we used an advanced antibody array technology to identify the expression pattern of cytokines induced by in a mouse infection model. In total, 31 and 24 differentially expressed cytokines (DECs) were identified in the plasma at 6 h and 24 h post-infection (hpi), respectively. The DECs were markedly enriched in the Gene Ontology (GO) terms associated with cell migration and response to chemokine and in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways associated with immunity, diseases, and infection. Ten key DECs, including IL6 and TNF-α, were found to form extensive protein-protein interaction networks. IL6 was demonstrated to inhibit infection and be required for -induced inflammatory response. TNF-α also exerted an inhibitory effect on infection, and knockdown of fish (Japanese flounder) TNF-α promoted invasion in host cells. Together, the results of this study revealed a comprehensive profile of cytokines induced by , thus adding new insights into the role of cytokine-associated immunity against bacterial infection and also providing the potential plasma biomarkers of infection for future studies.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Genetically Modified; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cytokines; Edwardsiella tarda; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Female; Flounder; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Ontology; Immune System; Interleukin-6; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Protein Interaction Maps; RAW 264.7 Cells; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 34439908
DOI: 10.3390/biom11081242 -
Virulence Dec 2022species in aquatic environments exist either as individual planktonic cells or in communal biofilms. These organisms encounter multiple stresses, include changes in...
species in aquatic environments exist either as individual planktonic cells or in communal biofilms. These organisms encounter multiple stresses, include changes in salinity, pH, temperature, and nutrients. Pathogenic species such as , can multiply within the fish hosts. Additionally, species (), can carry antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) on chromosomes and/or plasmids, that can be transmitted to the microbiome via horizontal gene transfer. serves as a core in the aquatic resistome. uses molecular switches (RpoS and EsrB) to control gene expression for survival in different environments. We speculate that free-living can transition to host-living and vice versa, using similar molecular switches. Understanding such transitions can help us understand how other similar aquatic bacteria switch from free-living to become pathogens. This knowledge can be used to devise ways to slow down the spread of ARGs and prevent disease outbreaks in aquaculture and clinical settings.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Edwardsiella; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Fish Diseases; Virulence
PubMed: 34969351
DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.2006890 -
IDCases 2022This report presents the case of a 51-year-old woman on an immunosuppressant drug and steroids, who presented with general fatigue and was admitted to the intensive care...
This report presents the case of a 51-year-old woman on an immunosuppressant drug and steroids, who presented with general fatigue and was admitted to the intensive care unit. Her serum procalcitonin, lactate, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase levels and white blood cell counts were elevated. Computed tomography revealed gas formation in her liver, and her culture results revealed and infections. She underwent percutaneous transhepatic abscess drainage in addition to antimicrobial administration. She was discharged after 40 days. Cases of emphysematous liver abscess with infections are rarely reported in the literature and may present in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. The fatality rate associated with the condition is markedly high.
PubMed: 35769544
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2022.e01543 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Oct 2019Edwardsiella tarda is primarily associated with gastrointestinal disease, but an increasing number of cases involving extraintestinal disease, especially E. tarda...
Edwardsiella tarda is primarily associated with gastrointestinal disease, but an increasing number of cases involving extraintestinal disease, especially E. tarda bacteremia, have been reported. Using clinical information of E. tarda bacteremia patients identified during January 2005-December 2016 in Japan, we characterized the clinical epidemiology of E. tarda bacteremia. A total of 182,668 sets of blood cultures were obtained during the study period; 40 (0.02%) sets from 26 patients were positive for E. tarda. The most common clinical manifestations were hepatobiliary infection, including cholangitis, liver abscess, and cholecystitis. Overall 30-day mortality for E. tarda bacteremia was 12%, and overall 90-day mortality was 27%. The incidence of E. tarda infection did not vary by season. We more frequently observed hepatobiliary infection in patients with E. tarda bacteremia than in patients with nonbacteremic E. tarda infections. E. tarda bacteremia is a rare entity that is not associated with high rates of death.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Edwardsiella tarda; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Female; Humans; Japan; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 31539320
DOI: 10.3201/eid2510.180518 -
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and... Dec 2022Edwardsiella tarda is a member of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from freshwater and sea. E. tarda infection in humans commonly causes gastroenteritis, but rarely causes...
BACKGROUND
Edwardsiella tarda is a member of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from freshwater and sea. E. tarda infection in humans commonly causes gastroenteritis, but rarely causes bacteremia. However, few studies have described the clinical features of E. tarda bacteremia (ETB); therefore, we conducted a case review in our hospital.
METHODS
We conducted a single-center, retrospective descriptive study using electronic medical records. Patient and microbial features were extracted and evaluated for 30- and 90-day mortality rates.
RESULTS
From April 2005 to April 2022, the total set of blood cultures positive for any microorganisms was 9368, 38 of which were positive for E. tarda. Underlying cancer was observed in 65.8% of patients. The most common source of bacteremia was cholangitis, followed by cholecystitis, and endoscopic or surgical drainage was performed in almost all cases. Diarrhea was observed in only one patient, and there were no cases in which gastroenteritis was the source of bacteremia. All cases, except for one, were susceptible to all β-lactams, such as ampicillin. The 30- and 90-day overall mortality rates were 8.6% (3/35) and 25.8% (8/31). Of these, 75% patients died because of cancer progression after successful ETB treatment.
CONCLUSION
ETB may occur in patients with malignant underlying conditions. Biliary tract infections are common in ETB cases, whereas gastroenteritis may be an atypical cause of bacteremia. This study suggests that although the mortality rate for ETB at 30 day was low, it increased at 90 day as a result of the development of unfavorable underlying conditions.
Topics: Humans; Edwardsiella tarda; Retrospective Studies; Japan; Neoplasms
PubMed: 36476326
DOI: 10.1186/s12941-022-00548-w -
The Veterinary Quarterly Dec 2018Edwardsiella tarda infections are frequent causes of severe outbreaks in the fish farming industry besides representing possible zoonotic risks. However, naturally...
BACKGROUND
Edwardsiella tarda infections are frequent causes of severe outbreaks in the fish farming industry besides representing possible zoonotic risks. However, naturally occurring outbreaks that affect various species besides fishes are seldom described.
AIM
To report an outbreak of acute mortality caused by E. tarda affecting multiple species that inhabited a natural pond in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Three adult tilapias, three Mallard ducks and one Snow egret were necropsied and subjected to further microbiological tests. Gross and microscopic lesions were documented. The antibiotic susceptibility and phylogenetic similarities among fish and avian strains were also determined. The E. tarda species was confirmed through MALDI-TOF, partial sodB sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.
RESULTS
Macroscopical findings between the three species included intestinal dilatation, mucosal hyperaemia and mucous to liquid contents. Common histopathology findings included acute enteritis, increased number of intraepithelial lymphocytes with bacteria adhered to the intestinal epithelium and lymphoid depletion in the spleen. E. tarda was isolated from several organs from all affected species. The phylogeny employing amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) of eleven strains revealed high similarity (>90%) among the isolates regardless of the affected species or sampled organs. Ten isolates of E. tarda showed susceptibility to all tested antibiotics.
CONCLUSIONS
E. tarda was identified as the cause of death of the species examined. Further studies would be necessary to determine the virulence of these strains and the possible risks regarding public health.
Topics: Animals; Bird Diseases; Birds; Brazil; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Ducks; Edwardsiella tarda; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Fish Diseases; Phylogeny; Tilapia
PubMed: 30668277
DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2018.1540070 -
Marine Drugs Oct 2021The disruption of pathogen communication or quorum-sensing (QS) via quorum-quenching (QQ) molecules has been proposed as a promising strategy to fight bacterial...
The disruption of pathogen communication or quorum-sensing (QS) via quorum-quenching (QQ) molecules has been proposed as a promising strategy to fight bacterial infections. spp. have recognizable biotechnology applications, namely as probiotic health-promoting agents or as a source of natural antimicrobial molecules, including QQ molecules. This study characterized the QQ potential of 200 spp., isolated from the gut of different aquaculture fish species, to suppress fish pathogens QS. Approximately 12% of the tested spp. fish isolates (FI). were able to interfere with synthetic QS molecules. Ten isolates were further selected as producers of extracellular QQ-molecules and their QQ capacity was evaluated against the QS of important aquaculture bacterial pathogens, namely spp., spp., , , and . The results revealed that and produce QS molecules that are detectable by the biosensor, and which were degraded when exposed to the extracellular extracts of three FI isolates. Moreover, the same isolates, identified as , , and , significantly reduced the pathogenicity of in zebrafish larvae, increasing its survival by 50%. Taken together, these results identified three spp. capable of extracellularly quenching aquaculture pathogen communication, and thus become a promising source of bioactive molecules for use in the biocontrol of aquaculture bacterial diseases.
Topics: Animals; Aquaculture; Aquatic Organisms; Bacillus; Edwardsiella tarda; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Fish Diseases; Fishes; Probiotics; Quorum Sensing
PubMed: 34822473
DOI: 10.3390/md19110602 -
Veterinary Research Oct 2012Edwardsiella tarda is one of the serious fish pathogens, infecting both cultured and wild fish species. Research on edwardsiellosis has revealed that E. tarda has a... (Review)
Review
Edwardsiella tarda is one of the serious fish pathogens, infecting both cultured and wild fish species. Research on edwardsiellosis has revealed that E. tarda has a broad host range and geographic distribution, and contains important virulence factors that enhance bacterial survival and pathogenesis in hosts. Although recent progress in edwardsiellosis research has enabled the development of numerous, highly effective vaccine candidates, these efforts have not been translated into a commercialized vaccine. The present review aims to provide an overview of the identification, pathology, diagnosis and virulence factors of E. tarda in fish, and describe recent strategies for developing vaccines against edwardsiellosis. The hope is that this presentation will be useful not only from the standpoint of understanding the pathogenesis of E. tarda, but also from the perspective of facilitating the development of effective vaccines.
Topics: Animals; Edwardsiella tarda; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Fish Diseases; Fishes; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 23035843
DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-43-67