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The Canadian Journal of Infectious... 2015Edwardsiella tarda bacteremia (ETB) can be a fatal disease in humans. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Edwardsiella tarda bacteremia (ETB) can be a fatal disease in humans.
OBJECTIVES
To determine the significant risk factors associated with death caused by ETB, and to examine the geographical, seasonal, environmental and dietary factors of the disease.
METHODS
A retrospective, observational, case control study was performed. The PubMed MEDLINE and Japanese Medical Abstract Society (www.jamas.or.jp) databases were searched for ETB case reports and meeting abstracts. In additon, retrospective chart reviews of patients with ETB at the Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital (Tokyo, Japan) were conducted to evaluate the risk factors associated with death using multivariate analyses.
RESULTS
The literature search yielded 46 publications, comprising 72 cases from the English (n=30), French (n=1), Spanish (n=1) and Japanese (n=14) literature. Five cases at the Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital were also included. Of the included 77 cases, the mean age was 61 years and 39% of patients were female; 77.2% of the cases occurred between June and November, and 45.5% were reported in Japan. Dietary factors (raw fish/meat exposure) were reported for 10.4% of patients and 12.9% reported environmental (ie, brackish water) exposure. The overall mortality rate was 44.6%; however, this rate increased to 61.1% for ETB patients with soft tissue infections. Liver cirrhosis was determined to be an independent risk factor associated with death (OR 12.0 [95% CI 2.46 to 58.6]; P=0.00213) using multivariate analyses.
DISCUSSION
To our knowledge, the present analysis was the first and largest multi-language review of ETB. Clinical characteristics of ETB resemble those of Aeromonas, typhoid fever and Vibrio vulnificus infections, in addition to sharing similar risk factors.
CONCLUSION
ETB should be categorized as a severe food- and waterborne infection, which results in high mortality for patients with liver cirrhosis.
PubMed: 26744588
DOI: 10.1155/2015/702615 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021is a severe aquaculture pathogen that can infect many hosts including humans, animals, and fish. Timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial for the control of...
is a severe aquaculture pathogen that can infect many hosts including humans, animals, and fish. Timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial for the control of edwardsiellosis in the aqua industry. By using rabbit polyclonal antibody, an expression gene library of virulent strain ED-BDU 1 isolated in south India was constructed and screened. The identified immune expressive proteins were characterized, and the corresponding coding sequences were cloned, expressed, and the purified recombinant proteins were used as antigens. The identified immunoreactive proteins namely HflC, HflK, and YhcI were studied for their immune protective potential by challenge experiments. The protective efficacy of HflC, HflK, and YhcI showed that the clearance of from the host with ~ 60% survivability. Further, the immunoreactive proteins induce a strong immune response upon infection and elicit the significant production of IL-10, IFN-γ, Th1, and Th2 mediated mRNA expression and were therefore effective in vaccine production for edwardsiellosis.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Vaccines; Carps; Cytokines; Edwardsiella tarda; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Genomic Library; Mice; Rabbits
PubMed: 34868012
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.764662 -
PloS One 2017Bacterial small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) are known as novel regulators involved in virulence, stress responsibility, and so on. Recently, a lot of new researches have...
Bacterial small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) are known as novel regulators involved in virulence, stress responsibility, and so on. Recently, a lot of new researches have highlighted the critical roles of sRNAs in fine-tune gene regulation in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Edwardsiella tarda (E. tarda) is a gram-negative, intracellular pathogen that causes edwardsiellosis in fish. Thus far, no sRNA has been reported in E. tarda. The present study represents the first attempt to identify sRNAs in E. tarda S08. Ten sRNAs were validated by RNA sequencing and quantitative PCR (qPCR). ET_sRNA_1 and ET_sRNA_2 were homolous to tmRNA and GcvB, respectively. However, the other candidate sRNAs have not been reported till now. The cellular abundance of 10 validated sRNA was detected by qPCR at different growth phases to monitor their biosynthesis. Nine candidate sRNAs were expressed in the late-stage of exponential growth and stationary stages of growth (36~60 h). And the expression of the nine sRNAs was growth phase-dependent. But ET_sRNA_10 was almost expressed all the time and reached the highest peak at 48 h. Their targets were predicted by TargetRNA2 and each sRNA target contains some genes that directly or indirectly relate to virulence. These results preliminary showed that sRNAs probably play a regulatory role of virulence in E. tarda.
Topics: Animals; Computational Biology; Edwardsiella tarda; Flatfishes; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Promoter Regions, Genetic; RNA, Small Untranslated; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Virulence
PubMed: 28267754
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172783 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Sep 2023is a crucial pathogenic bacterium in tropical aquaculture. This bacterium was recently isolated from tambaqui (), a commercially important fish species in Brazil. This...
is a crucial pathogenic bacterium in tropical aquaculture. This bacterium was recently isolated from tambaqui (), a commercially important fish species in Brazil. This study assessed the antimicrobial susceptibility, pathogenicity, and genetic diversity of the tambaqui-derived isolates. Fourteen bacterial isolates isolated from tambaqui were identified as by using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and gene sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted against seven drugs using the disc diffusion assay. The pathogenicity test conducted by intraperitoneal injection of 2.4 × 10 colony-forming units (CFU) fish of (ED38-17) into tambaqui juveniles eventually revealed that neither clinical signs nor death were present. However, splenomegaly and whitish areas in the spleen and kidneys were observed. The histological investigation also revealed granulomatous splenitis, nephritis, and hepatitis occurring internally. Repetitive extragenic palindromic-PCR fingerprinting separated the 14 isolates into three genetic groups. The antibiogram revealed that all isolates were wild-type (WT) to florfenicol (FLO), norfloxacin (NOR), neomycin (NEO), erythromycin (ERY), and oxytetracycline (OXY); however, some were non-wild-type to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (7.1%) and amoxicillin (21.4%). Therefore, through experimental infection, ED38-17 could induce pathogenic effects in . Additionally, three distinct genetic types were found, and the isolates were WT to FLO, NOR, NEO, ERY, and OXY. These findings raise awareness of a bacteria causing unseen lesions, a pathogen that will potentially impact tambaqui aquaculture in the future.
PubMed: 37760310
DOI: 10.3390/ani13182910 -
Journal of Fish Diseases Nov 2022In the mid-2010s, Edwardsiella tarda was reaffiliated into three discrete taxa (E. anguillarum, E. piscicida, and E. tarda), obscuring previous descriptions of E....
Pathology and virulence of Edwardsiella tarda, Edwardsiella piscicida, and Edwardsiella anguillarum in channel (Ictalurus punctatus), blue (Ictalurus furcatus), and channel × blue hybrid catfish.
In the mid-2010s, Edwardsiella tarda was reaffiliated into three discrete taxa (E. anguillarum, E. piscicida, and E. tarda), obscuring previous descriptions of E. tarda-induced pathology in fish. To clarify ambiguity regarding the pathology of E. tarda, E. piscicida, and E. anguillarum infections in US farm-raised catfish, channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), blue catfish (I. furcatus), and channel × blue catfish hybrids were challenged with comparable doses of each bacterium. The most severe pathology and mortality occurred in fish challenged with E. piscicida, supporting previous reports of increased pathogenicity in commercially important ictalurids, while E. anguillarum and E. tarda warrant only minimal concern. Acute pathologic lesions among bacterial species were predominantly necrotizing and characteristic of gram-negative sepsis but became progressively granulomatous over time. After 100 days, survivors were exposed to the approximate median lethal doses of E. piscicida and E. ictaluri, revealing some cross-protective effects among E. piscicida, E. anguillarum, and E. ictaluri. In contrast, no fish that survived E. tarda challenge demonstrated any protection against E. piscicida or E. ictaluri. This work supports reports of increased susceptibility of channel, blue, and hybrid catfish to E. piscicida, while highlighting potential cross-protective affects among fish associated Edwardsiella spp.
Topics: Animals; Catfishes; Edwardsiella; Edwardsiella ictaluri; Edwardsiella tarda; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Fish Diseases; Ictaluridae; Virulence
PubMed: 35880718
DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13691 -
Microorganisms May 2022is an important fish pathogen responsible for economic losses in global aquaculture, and is also a human zoonotic pathogen. In this study, the survival of and...
is an important fish pathogen responsible for economic losses in global aquaculture, and is also a human zoonotic pathogen. In this study, the survival of and strains kept in filtered and sterilized lake water microcosms was investigated during a 20-week period at 7 °C, 15 °C and 25 °C, as well as its pathogenicity retention during a starvation period. V43.2 stayed culturable for 6 weeks at 7 °C, 9 weeks at 25 °C and 12 weeks at 15 °C. Both strains (V12.1 and V57.2) stayed culturable even longer, for at least 12 weeks at 7 °C, 15 °C and 25 °C under the same starvation conditions. After cells entered into the VBNC state, some became shorter and "rounded up," but others aggregated and retained a short rod shape. Aggregates of cells were common throughout the VBNC period, and a well-formed biofilm was observed for all tested strains at the end of the experiment. The growth capacity of VBNC cells was restored by cultivating microcosm water samples in LB broth at 28 °C. Resuscitated cells were as virulent for the European eel as the controls. Natural waters can be a reservoir for , and its underestimation in environmental samples poses a risk to public health and aquaculture.
PubMed: 35630485
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10051043 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2022The antibiotic resistance of is becoming increasingly prevalent, and thus novel antimicrobial strategies are being sought. Lysine acylation has been demonstrated to...
The antibiotic resistance of is becoming increasingly prevalent, and thus novel antimicrobial strategies are being sought. Lysine acylation has been demonstrated to play an important role in bacterial physiological functions, while its role in bacterial antibiotic resistance remains largely unclear. In this study, we investigated the lysine acetylation and succinylation profiles of strain EIB202 using affinity antibody purification combined with LC-MS/MS. A total of 1511 lysine-acetylation sites were identified on 589 proteins, and 2346 lysine-succinylation sites were further identified on 692 proteins of this pathogen. Further bioinformatic analysis showed that both post-translational modifications (PTMs) were enriched in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, pyruvate metabolism, biosynthesis, and carbon metabolism. In addition, 948 peptides of 437 proteins had overlapping associations with multiple metabolic pathways. Moreover, both acetylation and succinylation were found in many antimicrobial resistance (AMR) proteins, suggesting their potentially vital roles in antibiotic resistance. In general, our work provides insights into the acetylome and succinylome features responsible for the antibiotic resistance mechanism of , and the results may facilitate future investigations into the pathogenesis of this bacterium.
PubMed: 35884095
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070841 -
Microbes and Infection Jan 2012Human Edwardsiella tarda infections often manifest as gastroenteritis, but can become systemic and potentially lethal. E. tarda uses virulence factors that include type... (Review)
Review
Human Edwardsiella tarda infections often manifest as gastroenteritis, but can become systemic and potentially lethal. E. tarda uses virulence factors that include type III and type VI secretion systems, quorum sensing, two-component systems, and exoenzymes to gain entry into and survive within the host. Better understanding of interactions between these factors will lead to the development of novel antimicrobials against E. tarda and other enterics.
Topics: Animals; Edwardsiella tarda; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Virulence
PubMed: 21924375
DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2011.08.005 -
Marine Drugs Dec 2020can cause fatal gastro-/extraintestinal diseases in fish and humans. Overuse of antibiotics has led to antibiotic resistance and contamination in the environment, which...
can cause fatal gastro-/extraintestinal diseases in fish and humans. Overuse of antibiotics has led to antibiotic resistance and contamination in the environment, which highlights the need to find new antimicrobial agents. In this study, the marine peptide-N6 was amidated at its C-terminus to generate N6NH2. The antibacterial activity of N6 and N6NH2 against was evaluated in vitro and in vivo; their stability, toxicity and mode of action were also determined. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of N6 and N6NH2 against were 1.29-3.2 μM. Both N6 and N6NH2 killed bacteria by destroying the cell membrane of and binding to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and genomic DNA. In contrast with N6, N6NH2 improved the stability toward trypsin, reduced hemolysis (by 0.19% at a concentration of 256 μg/mL) and enhanced the ability to penetrate the bacterial outer and inner membrane. In the model of fish peritonitis caused by , superior to norfloxacin, N6NH2 improved the survival rate of fish, reduced the bacterial load on the organs, alleviated the organ injury and regulated the immunity of the liver and kidney. These data suggest that the marine peptide N6NH2 may be a candidate for novel antimicrobial agents against infections.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; Cell Membrane; Edwardsiella tarda; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Fish Diseases; Fish Proteins; Kidney; Liver; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Norfloxacin; Peritonitis; Structure-Activity Relationship; Survival Analysis
PubMed: 33348729
DOI: 10.3390/md18120650 -
MSystems Oct 2023is a significant fish pathogen that can live in challenging environments of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as inside the phagocytes. Metabolic reconfiguration has...
is a significant fish pathogen that can live in challenging environments of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as inside the phagocytes. Metabolic reconfiguration has been increasingly associated with bacterial oxidative tolerance and virulence. However, the metabolic proteins of involved in such processes remain elusive. By proteomic analysis and functional characterization of protein null mutants, the present study identified eight crucial proteins for bacterial oxidative resistance and intracellular infection. Seven of them are metabolic proteins dictating the metabolic flux toward the generation of pyruvate, a key metabolite capable of scavenging ROS molecules. Furthermore, L-aspartate uptake, which can fuel the pyruvate generation, was found essential for the full antioxidative capacity of . These findings identified seven metabolic proteins involved in bacterial oxidative adaptation and indicate that metabolic reprogramming toward pyruvate was likely a pivotal strategy of bacteria for antioxidative adaptation and intracellular survival.
Topics: Animals; Proteomics; Reactive Oxygen Species; Edwardsiella tarda; Antioxidants; Pyruvates; Cell Proliferation
PubMed: 37729581
DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00391-23