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Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in... Jul 2022The use of nanoparticles and nanostructured electrodes are abundant in electrocatalysis. These nanometric systems contain elements of nanoconfinement in different... (Review)
Review
The use of nanoparticles and nanostructured electrodes are abundant in electrocatalysis. These nanometric systems contain elements of nanoconfinement in different degrees, depending on the geometry, which can have a much greater effect on the activity and selectivity than often considered. In this Review, we firstly identify the systems containing different degrees of nanoconfinement and how they can affect the activity and selectivity of electrocatalytic reactions. Then we follow with a fundamental understanding of how electrochemistry and electrocatalysis are affected by nanoconfinement, which is beginning to be uncovered, thanks to the development of new, atomically precise manufacturing and fabrication techniques as well as advances in theoretical modeling. The aim of this Review is to help us look beyond using nanostructuring as just a way to increase surface area, but also as a way to break the scaling relations imposed on electrocatalysis by thermodynamics.
Topics: Catalysis; Electrochemistry; Electrodes; Nanoparticles; Nanostructures
PubMed: 35403340
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200755 -
Bioelectrochemistry (Amsterdam,... Dec 2020
Topics: Animals; Biosensing Techniques; Electrochemistry; Electroporation; Energy Metabolism; Humans; Protein Engineering; Proteins
PubMed: 32645566
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107554 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Jul 2012
Topics: DNA; Electrochemistry; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Microelectrodes; Nanostructures; Photochemistry
PubMed: 22802653
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1209943109 -
Biosensors Jun 2022Microorganisms are omnipresent and inseparable from our life. Many of them are beneficial to humans, while some are not. Importantly, foods and beverages are susceptible... (Review)
Review
Microorganisms are omnipresent and inseparable from our life. Many of them are beneficial to humans, while some are not. Importantly, foods and beverages are susceptible to microbial contamination, with their toxins causing illnesses and even death in some cases. Therefore, monitoring and detecting harmful microorganisms are critical to ensuring human health and safety. For several decades, many methods have been developed to detect and monitor microorganisms and their toxicants. Conventionally, nucleic acid analysis and antibody-based analysis were used to detect pathogens. Additionally, diverse chromatographic methods were employed to detect toxins based on their chemical and structural properties. However, conventional techniques have several disadvantages concerning analysis time, sensitivity, and expense. With the advances in biotechnology, new approaches to detect pathogens and toxins have been reported to compensate for the disadvantages of conventional analysis from different research fields, including electrochemistry, nanotechnology, and molecular biology. Among them, we focused on the recent studies of transcription factor (TF)-based biosensors to detect microorganisms and discuss their perspectives and applications. Additionally, the other biosensors for detecting microorganisms reported in recent studies were also introduced in this review.
Topics: Biosensing Techniques; Electrochemistry; Food Contamination; Humans; Nanotechnology; Toxins, Biological; Transcription Factors
PubMed: 35884273
DOI: 10.3390/bios12070470 -
ChemistryOpen Dec 2022Drugs are metabolized within the liver (pH 7.4) by phase I and phase II metabolism. During the process, reactive metabolites can be formed that react covalently with... (Review)
Review
Drugs are metabolized within the liver (pH 7.4) by phase I and phase II metabolism. During the process, reactive metabolites can be formed that react covalently with biomolecules and induce toxicity. Identifying and detecting reactive metabolites is an important part of drug development. Preclinical and clinical investigations are conducted to assess the toxicity and safety of a new drug candidate. Electrochemistry coupled to mass spectrometry is an ideal complementary technique to the current preclinical studies, a pure instrumental approach without any purification steps and tedious protocols. The combination of microfluidics with electrochemistry towards the mimicry of drug metabolism offers portability, low volume of reagents and faster reaction times. This review explores the development of microfluidic electrochemical cells for mimicking drug metabolism.
Topics: Electrochemistry; Microfluidics; Oxidation-Reduction; Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 36166688
DOI: 10.1002/open.202200100 -
Analytical Sciences : the International... Jun 2022
Topics: Electrochemistry
PubMed: 35618948
DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00112-8 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2023Both patch amperometry (PA) and intracellular patch electrochemistry (IPE) take advantage of a recording configuration where an electrochemical detector-carbon fiber...
Both patch amperometry (PA) and intracellular patch electrochemistry (IPE) take advantage of a recording configuration where an electrochemical detector-carbon fiber electrode (CFE)-is housed inside a patch pipette. PA, which is employed in cell-attached or excised inside-out patch clamp configuration, offers high-resolution patch capacitance measurements with simultaneous amperometric detection of catecholamines released during exocytosis. The method provides precise information on single-vesicle size and quantal content, fusion pore conductance, and permeability of the pore for catecholamines. IPE, on the other hand, measures cytosolic catecholamines that diffuse into the patch pipette following membrane rupture to achieve the whole-cell configuration. In amperometric mode, IPE detects total catechols, whereas in cyclic voltammetric mode, it provides more specific information on the nature of the detected molecules and may selectively quantify catecholamines, providing a direct approach to determine cytosolic concentrations of catecholaminergic transmitters and their metabolites. Here, we provide detailed instructions on setting up PA and IPE, performing experiments and analyzing the data.
Topics: Carbon Fiber; Catecholamines; Catechols; Chromaffin Cells; Electrochemistry; Exocytosis
PubMed: 36205899
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2671-9_17 -
Trends in Biotechnology Apr 2021The valorization of CO to valuable products via microbial electrosynthesis (MES) is a technology transcending the disciplines of microbiology, (electro)chemistry, and... (Review)
Review
The valorization of CO to valuable products via microbial electrosynthesis (MES) is a technology transcending the disciplines of microbiology, (electro)chemistry, and engineering, bringing opportunities and challenges. As the field looks to the future, further emphasis is expected to be placed on engineering efficient reactors for biocatalysts, to thrive and overcome factors which may be limiting performance. Meanwhile, ample opportunities exist to take the lessons learned in traditional and adjacent electrochemical fields to shortcut learning curves. As the technology transitions into the next decade, research into robust and adaptable biocatalysts will then be necessary as reactors shape into larger and more efficient configurations, as well as presenting more extreme temperature, salinity, and pressure conditions.
Topics: Carbon Dioxide; Electrochemistry; Electrodes; Microbiota
PubMed: 33279279
DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.10.014 -
Bioconjugate Chemistry Dec 2008The base pair stack of DNA has been demonstrated as a medium for long-range charge transport chemistry both in solution and at DNA-modified surfaces. This chemistry is... (Review)
Review
The base pair stack of DNA has been demonstrated as a medium for long-range charge transport chemistry both in solution and at DNA-modified surfaces. This chemistry is exquisitely sensitive to structural perturbations in the base pair stack as occur with lesions, single base mismatches, and protein binding. We have exploited this sensitivity for the development of reliable electrochemical assays based on DNA charge transport at self-assembled DNA monolayers. Here, we discuss the characteristic features, applications, and advantages of DNA-mediated electrochemistry.
Topics: Animals; DNA; Electrochemistry; Ligands; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Protein Binding; Proteins
PubMed: 18980370
DOI: 10.1021/bc8003149 -
Science Advances Feb 2018Recent interdisciplinary advances in materials, mechanics, and microsystem designs for biocompatible electronics, soft microfluidics, and electrochemical biosensors... (Review)
Review
Recent interdisciplinary advances in materials, mechanics, and microsystem designs for biocompatible electronics, soft microfluidics, and electrochemical biosensors establish the foundations for emerging classes of thin, skin-interfaced platforms capable of capturing, storing, and performing quantitative, spatiotemporal measurements of sweat chemistry, instantaneous local sweat rate, and total sweat loss. This review summarizes scientific and technical progress in this area and highlights the implications in real time and ambulatory modes of deployment during physical activities across a broad range of contexts in clinical health, physiology research, fitness/wellness, and athletic performance.
Topics: Animals; Colorimetry; Electrochemistry; Humans; Microfluidics; Skin; Specimen Handling; Sweat
PubMed: 29487915
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar3921