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Clinical Neurophysiology : Official... Jan 2020Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on "Standards of... (Review)
Review
Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on "Standards of Instrumentation of EMG" is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged. The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.
Topics: Action Potentials; Amplifiers, Electronic; Artifacts; Communication; Computers; Consensus; Databases as Topic; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes; Electroencephalography; Electromyography; Equipment Design; Ergonomics; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; Filtration; Humans; Needles; Neural Conduction; Safety; Sensory Receptor Cells; Signal-To-Noise Ratio; Software
PubMed: 31761717
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.07.025 -
Clinical Neurophysiology : Official... Aug 2019This document is the consensus of international experts on the current status of Single Fiber EMG (SFEMG) and the measurement of neuromuscular jitter with concentric... (Review)
Review
This document is the consensus of international experts on the current status of Single Fiber EMG (SFEMG) and the measurement of neuromuscular jitter with concentric needle electrodes (CNE - CN-jitter). The panel of authors was chosen based on their particular interests and previous publications within a specific area of SFEMG or CN-jitter. Each member of the panel was asked to submit a section on their particular area of interest and these submissions were circulated among the panel members for edits and comments. This process continued until a consensus was reached. Donald Sanders and Erik Stålberg then edited the final document.
Topics: Animals; Electrodes; Electromyography; Humans; Myofibrils; Neuromuscular Junction; Practice Guidelines as Topic
PubMed: 31080019
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.04.005 -
Clinical Neurophysiology : Official... Sep 2019This document is an update and extension of ICCN Standards published in 1999. It is the consensus of experts on the current status of EMG and Neurography methods. A... (Review)
Review
This document is an update and extension of ICCN Standards published in 1999. It is the consensus of experts on the current status of EMG and Neurography methods. A panel of authors from different countries with different approach to routines in neurophysiological methods was chosen based on their particular interest and previous publications. Each member of the panel submitted a section on their particular area of interest and these submissions were circulated among the panel members for edits and comments. This process continued until a consensus was reached. The document covers EMG topics such as conventional EMG, Macro EMG, applications of surface EMG and electrical impedance myography. Single Fiber EMG is not included, since it is the topic in a separate IFCN document. A neurography section covers topics such as motor and sensory neurography, F wave recordings, H-reflex, short segment recordings, CMAP scan and motor unit number methods. Other sections cover repetitive nerve stimulation and Pediatric electrodiagnostic testing. Each method includes a description of methodologies, pitfalls, and the use of reference values. Clinical applications accompany some of these sections.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Electromyography; Evoked Potentials, Motor; Humans; Neural Conduction; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Practice Guidelines as Topic
PubMed: 31213353
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.05.008 -
Journal of Electromyography and... Dec 2019This tutorial is aimed to non-engineers using, or planning to use, surface electromyography (sEMG) as an assessment tool in the prevention, monitoring and rehabilitation... (Review)
Review
This tutorial is aimed to non-engineers using, or planning to use, surface electromyography (sEMG) as an assessment tool in the prevention, monitoring and rehabilitation fields. Its first purpose is to address the issues related to the origin and nature of the signal and to its detection (electrode size, distance, location) by one-dimensional (bipolar and linear arrays) and two-dimensional (grids) electrode systems while avoiding advanced mathematical, physical or physiological issues. Its second purpose is to outline best practices and provide general guidelines for proper signal detection. Issues related to the electrode-skin interface, signal conditioning and interpretation will be discussed in subsequent tutorials.
Topics: Electrodes; Electromyography; Humans; Muscle, Skeletal; Practice Guidelines as Topic
PubMed: 31665683
DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2019.102363 -
Clinical Neurophysiology : Official... Aug 2020
Topics: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Electromyography; Humans; Motor Neurons; Muscle, Skeletal; Reference Standards
PubMed: 32387049
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.04.005 -
Clinical Neurophysiology : Official... May 2021Describe and evaluate the concepts of near fiber electromyography (NFEMG), the features used, including near fiber motor unit potential (NFMUP) duration and dispersion,...
OBJECTIVE
Describe and evaluate the concepts of near fiber electromyography (NFEMG), the features used, including near fiber motor unit potential (NFMUP) duration and dispersion, which relate to motor unit distal axonal branch and muscle fiber conduction time dispersion, and NFMUP segment jitter, a new measure of the temporal variability of neuromuscular junction transmission (NMJ), and axonal branch and muscle fibre conduction for the near fibres (i.e. NF jitter), and the methods for obtaining their values.
METHODS
Trains of high-pass filtered motor unit potentials (MUPs) (i.e. NFMUP trains) were extracted from needle-detected EMG signals to assess changes in motor unit (MU) morphology and electrophysiology caused by neuromuscular disorders or ageing. Evaluations using simulated needle-detected EMG data were completed and example human data are presented.
RESULTS
NFEMG feature values can be used to detect axonal sprouting, conduction slowing and NMJ transmission delay as well as changes in MU fiber diameter variability, and NF jitter. These changes can be detected prior to alterations of MU size or numbers.
CONCLUSIONS
The evaluations clearly demonstrate and the example data support that NFMUP duration and dispersion reflect MU distal axonal branching, conduction slowing and NMJ transmission delay and/or MU fiber diameter variability and that NFMUP jiggle and segment jitter reflect NF jitter.
SIGNIFICANCE
NFEMG can detect early changes in MU morphology and/or electrophysiology and has the potential to augment clinical diagnosis and tracking of neuromuscular disorders.
Topics: Axons; Electromyography; Evoked Potentials, Motor; Humans; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal
PubMed: 33774377
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.02.008 -
Physiological Measurement May 2017In a broad view, fatigue is used to indicate a degree of weariness. On a muscular level, fatigue posits the reduced capacity of muscle fibres to produce force, even in... (Review)
Review
In a broad view, fatigue is used to indicate a degree of weariness. On a muscular level, fatigue posits the reduced capacity of muscle fibres to produce force, even in the presence of motor neuron excitation via either spinal mechanisms or electric pulses applied externally. Prior to decreased force, when sustaining physically demanding tasks, alterations in the muscle electrical properties take place. These alterations, termed myoelectric manifestation of fatigue, can be assessed non-invasively with a pair of surface electrodes positioned appropriately on the target muscle; traditional approach. A relatively more recent approach consists of the use of multiple electrodes. This multi-channel approach provides access to a set of physiologically relevant variables on the global muscle level or on the level of single motor units, opening new fronts for the study of muscle fatigue; it allows for: (i) a more precise quantification of the propagation velocity, a physiological variable of marked interest to the study of fatigue; (ii) the assessment of regional, myoelectric manifestations of fatigue; (iii) the analysis of single motor units, with the possibility to obtain information about motor unit control and fibre membrane changes. This review provides a methodological account on the multi-channel approach for the study of myoelectric manifestation of fatigue and on the experimental conditions to which it applies, as well as examples of their current applications.
Topics: Electromyography; Electrophysiological Phenomena; Humans; Muscle Fatigue; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
PubMed: 28199218
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/aa60b9 -
Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Dec 2015Research into emotions has increased in recent decades, especially on the subject of recognition of emotions. However, studies of the facial expressions of emotion were... (Review)
Review
Research into emotions has increased in recent decades, especially on the subject of recognition of emotions. However, studies of the facial expressions of emotion were compromised by technical problems with visible video analysis and electromyography in experimental settings. These have only recently been overcome. There have been new developments in the field of automated computerized facial recognition; allowing real-time identification of facial expression in social environments. This review addresses three approaches to measuring facial expression of emotion and describes their specific contributions to understanding emotion in the healthy population and in persons with mental illness. Despite recent progress, studies on human emotions have been hindered by the lack of consensus on an emotion theory suited to examining the dynamic aspects of emotion and its expression. Studying expression of emotion in patients with mental health conditions for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes will profit from theoretical and methodological progress.
Topics: Animals; Behavior; Electromyography; Emotions; Facial Expression; Humans; Neuropsychological Tests; Recognition, Psychology
PubMed: 26869846
DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2015.17.4/kwolf -
Anesthesiology Mar 2023Electromyography has advantages over mechanomyography and acceleromyography. Previously, agreement of the train-of-four counts between acceleromyography and...
BACKGROUND
Electromyography has advantages over mechanomyography and acceleromyography. Previously, agreement of the train-of-four counts between acceleromyography and electromyography was found to be fair. The objective of this study was to assess the agreement of posttetanic count including agreement of neuromuscular blockade status (intense block, posttetanic count equal to 0; or deep block, posttetanic count 1 or greater and train-of-four count equal to 0) between acceleromyography and electromyography.
METHODS
Thirty-six patients, aged 20 to 65 yr, participated in this study. A dose of 0.6 mg/kg rocuronium, with additional dose of 0.3 mg/kg if required, was administered to the patients. The train-of-four and posttetanic counts were monitored in the contralateral arm using electromyography at the first dorsal interosseus or adductor pollicis, and acceleromyography at the adductor pollicis. Posttetanic count measurements were performed at 6-min intervals; the responses were recorded until the train-of-four count reached 1. The authors evaluated the agreement of degree of neuromuscular blockade (intense or deep block) and that of posttetanic count between acceleromyography and electromyography.
RESULTS
The authors analyzed 226 pairs of measurements. The percentage agreement indicating the same neuromuscular blockade status (intense or deep block) between acceleromyography and electromyography was 73%. Cohen's kappa coefficient value was 0.26. After excluding data with acceleromyography-posttetanic counts greater than 15, a total of 184 pairs of posttetanic counts were used to evaluate the agreement between the two monitoring methods. For acceleromyography-posttetanic count, 42 (23%) pairs had the same electromyography-posttetanic count, and 93 (50%) pairs had more than the electromyography-posttetanic count. The mean posttetanic count on electromyography was 38% (95% CI, 20 to 51%) lower than that on acceleromyography (P = 0.0002).
CONCLUSIONS
Acceleromyography frequently counted more twitches than electromyography in posttetanic count monitoring. Acceleromyography- and electromyography-posttetanic counts cannot be used interchangeably to assess the degree of neuromuscular blockade.
Topics: Humans; Electromyography; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Rocuronium; Neuromuscular Blockade; Muscle, Skeletal
PubMed: 36520831
DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000004466 -
European Archives of... Jul 2015To achieve consensus in the methodology, interpretation, validity, and clinical application of laryngeal electromyography (LEMG), a working group on neurolaryngology...
To achieve consensus in the methodology, interpretation, validity, and clinical application of laryngeal electromyography (LEMG), a working group on neurolaryngology from the European Laryngological Society (ELS) was founded in 2010. The main task of the working group was to teach key techniques like LEMG procedures. The objective of this study was to collect information on the teaching techniques used and describe them. A multicenter registry was created to analyze the data collected from LEMGs in 14 departments. We screened how often different departments participated in teaching events. Teaching events were classified retrospectively: presentations at conferences and meetings; workshops with hands-on training on patients; workshops with hands-on training on animal models; workshops with hands-on training on anatomic specimens; and supervision by experts to perform LEMG together. Both, supervision to perform LEMG together and the total number of PCA-LEMGs (r = 0.713), as well as supervision to perform LEMG together and the PCA/total-number-of-LEMG ratio (r = 0.814) were correlated significantly (p < 0.05). Similarly, the sum of teaching events was correlated significantly with the total number of PCA-LEMGs (r = 0.605), and so did the sum of teaching events with the PCA/total-number-of-LEMG ratio (r = 0.704). Participation in hands-on training in humans was correlated significantly with the PCA/total-number-of-LEMG ratio (r = 0.640). The data presented herein suggest that multimodal teaching techniques are most effective. To promote multimodal learning an interactive webpage ( http://www.lemg.org) providing videos and animations, and the possibility to discuss cases with other experts was established.
Topics: Consensus; Electromyography; Europe; Humans; Laryngeal Diseases; Larynx; Needs Assessment; Neurology; Otolaryngology; Registries; Reproducibility of Results; Retrospective Studies; Societies, Medical; Teaching
PubMed: 25711738
DOI: 10.1007/s00405-015-3568-y